温江县水稻气候增产潜力及开发利用途径

从气候影响产量的角度，结合温江实际，分析温江水稻开发利用途径，得出了相关结论。     

青藏高原东南缘近地层微气象学特征对比分析

本文利用位于青藏高原东南缘的温江和大理大气边界层野外观测资料,对比分析了两站包括风温湿、辐射、湍流通量等在内的近地层微气象学特征,主要结果如下：（1）两站风速值均随着高度的增加而增大,但温江站冬季4～10 m风速在白天出现随高度减小的现象.温江站冬季以东北风为主,夏季以西北风和南风为主;大理站冬季以东南风为主,其次为西南风,夏季则以东风和东南风为主.两站近地层逆温和逆湿现象都非常显著.（2）同一季节温江站大气逆辐射和地表长波辐射大于大理站,向下短波辐射小于大理站.温江站地表长波辐射总是大于大气逆辐射,而大理站白天地表长波辐射大于大气逆辐射,晚上则相反.（3）温江站感热通量冬季大于大理站,夏季小于大理站,而潜热通量无论冬夏都要小于大理站.两站潜热通量均大于感热通量,并且大理站潜热通量月平均日变化值全天始终大于零.无论冬夏,温江站土壤热通量都要小于大理站,随着深度的增加两站土壤热通量均有位相上的延迟.     

青藏高原东部与成都平原大气边界层对比分析Ⅱ——近地层湍流特征

利用中国气象局成都高原气象研究所设立在青藏高原东侧和成都平原的两个大气边界层观测站（理塘站和温江站）2007年2-4月获得的湍流观测资料,分析和比较了这两个地区近地层湍流平均场特征,湍流统计特征以及湍流通量变化特征,并对温江站能量平衡进行了初步的分析,得到了以下一些主要的结论：（1）理塘站和温江站风速均值分别为3．17m／s和1．57m／s,理塘站风向在各个方向都较均匀,温江站风向频率以东北风居多。理塘站温湿压都要低于温江站,且气温和气压的变化幅度均不如温江站明显。理塘站和温江站大气稳定度峰值分别位于±0．5和±1之间。（2）湍流在小于2m／s的风速环境中发展最为旺盛。随着风速的增大湍流强度减小迅速,U〉2m／s后湍流强度基本限定在0．5以内。理塘站湍流强度平均值分别为Iu=0．5453,Iv=0．5389,1w=0．1625;温江站分别为Iu=0．2809,Iv=0．2885,1w=0．1560。（3）两站无量纲化三维风脉动方差均符合Monin-Obukhov相似理论的“1／3”定律,其最佳通用相似函数在稳定和不稳定条件下都可以拟合得到。在近中性时,理塘站A=4．3,B=4．1,C=1;温江站A=2．0,B=2．1,C=1．2。（4）湍流通量都具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征。理塘站以感热为主,温江站则潜热占优势,但到4月份两者都基本相当。理塘站2月和3月动量通量要大于温江站,到4月逐渐接近。理塘站感热、潜热和动量通量平均值分别为52．28W／m^2,25．87W／m^2,0．076kg／（ms^2）,温江站分别为15．34W／m^2,36．65W／m^2,0．061kg／（ms^2）。（5）整个观测期间,温江站的能量闭合率约为82．5％,闭合差约为17．5％。     

青藏高原东部与成都平原大气边界层对比分析Ⅰ——近地层微气象学特征

简要介绍了中国气象局成都高原气象研究所设立在青藏高原东侧和成都平原的两个大气边界层观测站：理塘站和温江站,并利用2007年2～4月两站获得的近地层气象要素观测资料,对这两个地区风速、气温和湿度日变化特征及廓线规律,土壤温湿变化特征,以及辐射情况进行了分析和对比,得到了如下一些有意义的结果：（1）两站风温湿均表现出明显的日变化特征。理塘站风速极大值和极小值出现时间均比温江站晚2小时。理塘站温度梯度值日变化较一致而温江站早晚温度梯度值要大于白天。两站湿度梯度值都是白天较小早晚较大。（2）两站风速廓线规律相似,基本满足对数律关系。理塘站在18：00～6：00,温江站在18：00～8：00均有逆温现象出现,相邻两层高度最大温度差分别达到0．54℃和1．02℃。理塘站8：00～18：00在8m和24m高度,温江站10：00～14：00在9．05m和18．25m高度上能观测到逆湿现象,相邻两层高度最大比湿差分别为0．1g／kg和0．04g／kg。（3）理塘站浅层（0cm和5cm）土壤温度表现出明显的日变化特征,而10cm以下土壤温度日变化幅度很小。温江站4cm,10cm和20cm土壤温度都表现出明显的日变化特征,较之理塘站影响的深度更深。理塘站土壤温度的垂直变化程度要小于温江站。两站各层土壤湿度均无明显日变化特征。（4）温江站向下长波辐射通量日变化不大,其他各个辐射量日变化都很明显。理塘站向下总辐射和反射辐射明显强于温江站。     

复杂地形对雷电云地闪观测电磁场传输影响的实例分析

考虑探测原理和地形因素,基于Barrick表面阻抗理论和Wait近似算法等理论,利用不规则起伏地表的雷电电磁场传播模式,结合四川省真实的复杂地形地表数据,以半径r=60km的二维地表为模型,分析复杂地形对雷电电磁波传输的影响。以温江和白玉典型地势为例,分析得出:温江东部平原低海拔区域,雷电电磁波传输路径延长增量的最小值仅为182m,对应的时间延迟增量为0.61μs,温江西部多山高海拔区域,路径延长增量达到最大值,为2290m,对应的时间延迟增量为7.63μs;西部高原的白玉站,此区域地表的路径延长增量都在3000m以上,路径延长增量的最小值也达到3025m,对应的时间延迟增量为10.1μs,路径延长增量达到最大值,为8283m,对应的时间延迟增量为27.6μs。由此可见,在实际雷电探测定位中,必须考虑复杂地形引起的雷电电磁波传输路径增量和相应传输时间增量的影响,才能提高雷电定位精度和效率。      

全国农业气象情报学术交流会在四川温江召开

1988年10月24—28日,中国气象学会农业气象专业委员会和气象科学研究院农业气象研究所,共同在四川温江召开了全国农业气象情报学术交流会。参加会议的有科研单位,大专院校及21个省、市、自治区气象部     

2007年四川省酸雨时空分布特征研究

根据四川省10个酸雨观测站点2007年降水观测数据,对降水pH值、酸雨频率的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,降水pH值的范围为3．43～9．53,最小值出现在温江、安岳的9月份,最高值出现在巴塘的7月份,四川省酸雨主要出现在夏、秋季节;酸雨频率范围为2．9％～70．3％,最小值、最高值分别出现在巴塘、西昌,其中温江、峨眉山、西昌、攀枝花、安岳酸雨频率超过了50％,酸雨污染较重;全年电导率范同为3．8～593μs·cm^-1,川中、东、南部污染重于川西北地区。     

春播期间的低温冷害预报

出现一次明显的天气过程,必有相应的同期环流形势为背景,而同期环流又与前期某一段时间环流之间存在着一定的关系。这种前后变化的相互关系,在单站要素上必然有一定程度的表现。依此思路,我们以温江县春播期间的低温冷害(以下简称冷害)为例,用1960—1976年的资料,分析产生冷害天气与同期环流的关系,以及同期环流与前期环流的相互关系。并在此基础上,利用9月平均温度与平均绝对湿度的距平和来预报春播期间的冷害天气。经4年试报和实际使用,效果较好。另外,还用与温江站相邻的5个站资料作试验,结论与温江站基本一致。现介绍如下。     

单站高空风与初夏区域性洪涝

我们在探讨造成温江地区初夏区域性洪涝天气过程的天气学条件时,发现700毫巴图上,在105°E以西有308线所围的大低压区或气旋曲度形成,成都700毫巴偏南风>8米/秒并大于500—300毫巴各层风速,上述条件与初夏区域性洪涝密切相关。我们即在此基础上建立了洪涝预报模式。     

最优子集回归在逐日分县预报中的应用

本文采用ECMWF北半球500 hPa高度、850 hPa温度和地面气压的分析场资料和预报场资料,运用最优子集回归方法,建立温江日均气温、日最高及最低气温预报模型,进行试报,并对预报结果进行了检验,其结果表明最优子集回归方法可以运用在逐日分县要素客观预报中,且PP法比MOS法预报效果好.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。