淄博市大武水源地岩溶地下水的评价及开发利用规划

根据大武水源地岩溶水多年大强度持续超采呈现出来的补、迳、蓄、排特征和水位、水量长期监测资料,应用开采条件下多时段水量均衡法评价了该水源地的可开采量;并据此对水源地现状和开采强度和规模进行了调整、规划。以水源地供水区需水量预测和供水来源分析为基础,将2010年作为规划水平年进行了水资源供需平衡。研究表明：大武水源地在无太河水库放水补源时,其可开采量为39.6万m^3/d,2010年通过调引黄河、太河水库、齐陵水源等客水32.2万m^3/d,基本能够满足75.0万m^3/d的需水要求。     

山东淄博沣水泉域岩溶水系统模拟及水源地优化开采预测

沣水泉域岩溶水系统是淄博市及周边地区最主要的供水水源,因原有大武水源地水质严重污染,急需开辟新的水源地,故须重新开展泉域岩溶水资源评价和开采规划工作。文章在充分概化研究区水文地质概念模型的基础上,借助FeFlow软件,建立了基于等效连续介质的三维非均质各向异性岩溶水模型,并利用2016年水位动态数据对模型进行识别和验证。经模型计算可知,在2000-2015年,研究区岩溶地下水日均补给量为104.47万m3/d,排泄量为80.27万m3/d,正均衡24.20万m3/d。对原大武水源地与新增刘征水源地优化开采方案预测的结果表明,最优开采方案为:（1）保持大武水源地现状35.91万m3/d开采条件下,刘征水源地最大开采量为5.5万m3/d,刘征 -大武富水地段最大可开采量为41.41万m3/d;（2）满足刘征 -大武富水地段最大开采条件,大武水源地最大可减采至33.41万m3/d,刘征最大开采量为8万m3/d。      

淄博市大武水源地可开采量核算

大武水源地位于淄博市东北部临淄区境内,地处淄河太河水库下游,在淄河断层以西,金岭断层以东,边河断层以北的区域,包括大武、南仇、辛店三个富水段,富水区面积 27 km2,是我国北方少有的特大型地下水源地.大武水源地自勘探开发至今 30 年来开展了大量的研究工作,但由于研究单位、研究时段和认识水平的不同而导致可开采量有所差异,为此,根据大武水源地水文地质条件及历年运用情况,采用补给量法、时段均衡法、回归分析法分别进行核算,确定大武水源地不同开采条件下的可开采量,同时亦可为北方其它大型水源地可开采量的核算提供科学依据.     

许昌麦岭水源地可开采量的水均衡法计算

根据许昌麦岭镇多年地下水动态观测资料,利用水均衡法原理,对水源地边界地质条件、补给与排泄的关系进行研究,对地下水允许开采量进行综合评价,提出水源地水量开采的建议。     

青海省马匹寺电厂水源地数值模拟研究

针对山间河谷类傍河水源地共有的地质条件,本文应用国际通用的Visual Modflow软件包对选取的典型地段进行地下水流数值模拟研究,通过对研究区的地下水梯度场、降速场以及水均衡结果与实测资料的识别与验证,建立地下水流模型,并对不同降水频率下的开采方案进行预测评价,保证了拟建水源地所需的可开采水量,也为同类型水源地的研究提供借鉴.     

大武水源地堠皋地区水力截获工程运行的数值模拟

大武水源地现状条件下已严重超采，同时也受到油类物质的严重污染，污染最严重的地下水在堠皋－西夏一带，污染的地下水呈朝着东部市自来水公司开采的东风水源扩散的趋势。本文运用数值模拟方法，通过现状和规划状态下水力截获工程运行的对比研究，认为规划开采条件下堠皋地区水力截获工程的运行，可治理堠皋地区严重污染的地下水，是保证太河水库不再放水补源时大武水源地持续开发利用的最佳方案。     

龙洞湾水源地地下水勘探与计算

通过各种勘探手段查明了水源地的水文地质条件,确定了水源地舍水层的计算边界、空间分布特征和水文地质参数,为采用水均衡法计算水源地的水量提供了依据.本文对水量保证程度要求很高的水源地勘探具有借鉴意义.     

丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析

通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明:丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km~2,引发了大面积地面沉降;华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m~3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作;裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。     

丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析

通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km²,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m³/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。     

丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析

通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km²,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m³/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。     

Reassessing the management of groundwater use from sandy aquifers: acidification and base cation depletion exacerbated by drought and groundwater withdrawal on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia

The combined effects of low rainfall, groundwater withdrawal in excess of 300 GL/year and reduced recharge in areas covered by pine plantations has caused the water table in a sandy unconfined aquifer on the Gnangara Mound in Western Australia to drop by up to 5 m and aquifer storage to decline by about 500 GL over the last 20 years. Groundwater has become acidic in areas of high drawdown, with pH values typically being less than 5.0 at the water table, and elevated concentrations of SO₄ ^2?, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb. Trends of increasing acidity and base cation concentrations in deep water supply wells in the Mirrabooka wellfield indicate that about 0.7 keq/ha/year of base cations are being leached from soil within cones of depression of pumping wells. These results indicate that the assessment of the sustainable yields of aquifers under conditions of low rainfall needs to consider geochemical interactions between groundwater, aquifer sediments, soils and vegetation, and not be just based on aquifer hydraulics and water-balance changes.     

Hydrologic scenarios applied to the agricultural management of the northwest of the Buenos Aires Province,Argentina

The study area is located in the Pampean region of Argentina, in the northwest of Buenos Aires Province, covering about 50,000 km², within an area of great plain with particular hydrologic characteristics, where vertical water movements predominate over horizontal. The objective of this work is the analysis of the relations between different hydrologic scenarios (characterized by the soil water balance and the water table levels) and the yields of soybeans that have been increasing in recent years. It is concluded that water table fluctuations are strongly related to the elements of the local hydrologic balance. On the other hand, the geographic distribution of soybean yields corresponds directly with the values of the soil water reserve during the critical stages of the growth. After dry periods, the lowering of the water table makes access to water from the root zone difficult, and the crop is susceptible to the effects of drought. However, after wetter periods the extra contribution from the water table situated near the surface is favorable for growth, often preventing its deterioration in conditions of drought. Nevertheless, an excessive rise of the water table can produce disadvantages at seedtime and during harvest. The importance of an evaluation of the different scenarios that may have significant implications for agricultural activity is discussed.     

Ground-water investigation following a jet fuel release

A tanker truck overturned releasing about 11,350 l of aviation fuel. As two municipal supply wells were within about 396 m of the release, contaminated soil was excavated and an assessment of hydrologic conditions was completed. A recovery well (RW) and five monitoring wells were installed. Ground-water samples were collected periodically from these wells and the municipal supply wells for analysis for volatile organic compounds. Pumping tests were completed on the RW and one municipal supply well. The results of the pumping test on the RWs were used to design a remediation system to remove jet fuel components from the ground water. The pumping tests also demonstrated that there was a ground-water divide separating the spill site from the municipal supply wells. After about 7 months of remediation, samples from the RW and municipal supply wells were clean and the state issued a clean closure.     

大型抽水试验的水文地质意义

本文以山东省东阿县下马头水源地为实例,探讨了大型抽水试验的主要水文地质意义,包括:确定地下水的主要补给来源及方向,抽水影响范围及程度,水源地岩溶含水层的富水性及供水保证能力,水源地附近地下水与地表水之间的水力联系,水源地附近主要断裂构造的水力性质,水源地抽水对下游水源地的影响以及水文地质参数与水源地地下水允许开采量计算。     

北京西山岩溶水应急水源地水文地质特征及开采潜力分析

应急水源地位于北京西山四季青地区,取水层位为奥陶系含水层,属覆盖型水源地。奥陶系岩溶地下水水量大、水质优良,是保障北京供水安全的后备水源。本文在综合分析奥陶系岩溶地下水水文地质特征基础上,以群孔抽水试验为基础,采用相关分析法预测水位,从岩溶地下水的富水性、地下水流场、地下水资源方面分析岩溶水的开采潜力,确保在出现水源危机时,岩溶地下水能够作为后备水源地为城市供水。结果表明,岩溶地下水应急水源地岩溶裂隙发育,补给条件好,地下水径流强度大,水质优良,具有6万m3/d的开采潜力,即当水源地增加每日6万m3应急开采时,水位埋深预测值为52.94m,能够满足现有取水设备条件,且不会影响其它水源井的运行。      

Environmental impact of drainage of Dianzi Iron Mine on the groundwater system of the Dawu Water Supply Base

Due to growing water extraction for industry and agriculture, the Dawu Water Supply Base, in the east of Zibo, China, has been in a state of serious over-extraction. It will also be affected by the deep drainage of the Dianzi Iron Mine, which will be exploited in 2005. As to the environmental impact on the groundwater system of the Dawu Water Supply Base is concerned, this paper makes a systematic study about the influence of the mine draining on the water-supply environment of the Dawu Water Supply Base by using the numerical model of groundwater system. The result shows that the groundwater level will have an additional drawdown of 1.2–1.8 m/yr by the mine draining alone. The numerical analysis results indicate that the optimal model for determining the best extraction plan is the solution for the contradiction between water supply and water drainage.     

Groundwater resources assessment for irrigable agricultural lands in the Wadi Araba area, southern Jordan

The main target of this research paper was to the hydrogeological assessment of the groundwater resources to irrigate 600 ha of irrigable agricultural lands, distributed along the Dead Sea–Aqaba Highway in Umm, Methla, Wadi Musa, Qa’ Saideen and Rahma, southern Jordan. Therefore, a comprehensive groundwater study was commenced by drilling eight new wells which can be used to supply irrigable areas with the existing groundwater that would be enriched by the yield of three proposed recharge dams on Wadi Musa, Wadi Abu-Burqa, and Wadi Rahma. The evaluation of the pumping test data of the drilled was carried out using the standard methods of pumping test interpretation. This was based on the available water table measurements at well locations and knowledge of water flow in the general. The sustainable yield of each well was calculated based on the pumping test parameters. The obtained results indicate that pumping out of Beer Mathkor wells should not exceed 1,100 m³/day in the case of continuous pumping and 8,700 m³/day in the case of intermittent pumping. Since the water table did not significantly change with small changes in pumping (it took eightfolds of magnitude increase in pumping from approximately 1,100 to 8,700 m³/day to show a significant drop in the water table equivalent to about 5.5 MCM per year from the aquifer.     

水资源和环境工程中水平井研究简介

简单介绍了水平井在水资源和环境工程中的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了在不同含水层(如承压含水层、潜水含水层、越流含水层及河下含水层) 中, 水平井抽水条件下降深的半解析解, 同时分析了降深随抽水时间变化的标准曲线和微分标准曲线.这些半解析解可用于分析小流量水平井在中长时段的降深特性.分析了用于排水和供水的大流量水平井的水力学特征, 并介绍了求解渗流-管流耦合井流系统的一种新方法.同时介绍了在非饱和含水层中水平井抽取气体的动力学特征, 并分析了地面覆盖和未覆盖2种情况下的气体清除效率, 报告了在不同饱和含水层条件下水平井的捕获区和捕获时间的计算.      

淄博市大武水源地地下水水位总体预测

本文采用水均衡法对淄博市大武水源地地下水位变动进行研究，并对降水量与人渗补给量的关系以及平均给水度随地下水位的变化关系进行了分析。通过历史资料的验证，表明本文所建立的水均衡模型对于地下水位变动的预测是可靠的，而且简单可行，随后根据不同的地下水开采量等对未来地下水位的变动趋势进行了预测。