A quasitropical cyclone over the Black Sea: Observations and numerical simulation

A long-living mesoscale cyclone observed over the Black Sea in September 2005 was characterized by a high wind velocity (25 m/sec) and induced an abnormal lowering of the sea-surface temperature (by more than 10°C). We performed the numerical simulation of this cyclone by using the MM5 model and the data of global operative analysis. The evolution of the cyclone and its structure similar to the structure of a tropical cyclone are reproduced. The primary azimuthal and secondary radial circulations, the clear-sky eye with warm core at medium levels, and the eyewall with strong air updraft and intense convection and precipitation are well visible. The fluxes of sensible and latent heat on the sea surface played the key role in the initiation and development of this cyclone. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, pp. 41–55, May–June, 2008.     

Numerical modeling of quasi-two-dimensional vortices in the atmosphere over the Black Sea

We consider quasi-two-dimensional rapidly dissipating mesoscale atmospheric vortices generated over the Black Sea near the Crimean and Caucasian coasts. Based on the results of numerical modeling for a characteristic example of the Crimean eddy, we determine its structure and parameters and estimate the rate of decay of kinetic energy and enstrophy. In addition to the large-scale secondary circulation in the vortex, we also consider a small-scale secondary circulation induced by Raleigh-Bénard convection.     

热带气旋-海洋的相互作用对南海一个强热带气旋过程影响的数值模拟

采用中尺度海-气耦合模式MCM v1.0对南海强热带气旋“黄蜂”(No.0214)进行了数值模拟试验,并就热带气旋-海洋的相互作用对热带气旋的影响进行了定量分析。结果表明,耦合试验中热带气旋后期路径有显著改善,36h和48h路径误差分别减小22km和110km,登陆点位置误差减小22km;气旋强度与非耦合结果基本一致,36—48h气旋强度减弱得更快;热带气旋中心大风区地面风速增大1—3m.s-1,眼区附近风速减小2—5m.s-1;近地层(取925hPa)气温降低1℃以上,且气温降温区与较大的SST下降区域大致吻合;改进了热带气旋暴雨的落区及降水强度,且主要落区误差的修正位于热带气旋移动路径的右侧并同主要的SST降温区相关;热带气旋-海洋相互作用通过SST下降减少向上的热通量,潜热通量的减少对SST的下降更敏感。     

Numerical Modeling of Meteorological Sea Level Oscillations in the Black Sea

Oceanology - To study the features of short-period meteorological sea level oscillations, adaptation of the numerical Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to the Black Sea conditions was performed. The...     

青岛海陆风三维结构的数值模拟

本文采用 1个陡地形影响修正的三维中尺度流体静力的气象学模式 ,对青岛地区海陆风的日变化规律和三维结构进行了较细致的分析。结果显示 ,青岛有多支海陆风存在 ,且每支海陆风出现的时间、强度和向内陆伸展的距离有很大的不同。这其中沿岸山地的机械和热力作用扮演着重要的角色。在观测站 ,模拟结果和实测资料等方面有较好的一致性。     

Statistics of mesoscale cyclonic Eddies over the Black Sea

On the basis of the results obtained by using the PRECIS regional climate model with high space resolution (25 km), we study the mesoscale specific features of the atmospheric circulation in the Black-Sea region for a period of 30 yr. To separate and trace the subsynoptic eddies, we use a method based on the Okubo–Weiss criterion. Several types of cyclonic eddies are selected and described: winter Caucasian coastal eddies, summer Caucasian separated eddies, cyclonic eddies of the open sea, and seldom quasitropical cyclones. For various types of eddies, we present the statistics of their lifetime and intensity and the histograms of diurnal and seasonal cycles.     

南海海表温度时空分布特征的数值模拟

应用混合坐标HYCOM海洋模式模拟得到南海海表温度17年(1992～2008)的逐月资料,利用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)得到南海海表温度的时空分布。通过与前人的分析结果进行对比,各个模态的方差贡献率与空间分布型基本一致,说明利用模式模拟可以达到与观测相当的效果。在此基础上,对第二,第三模态的时间系数应用Morlet小波分析,发现均存在半年周期变化,但年周期变化存在明显差别。     

Seasonal fields of tangenital wind stress over the Black Sea

Tangential wind stress fields with a 40×60 spatial step are calculated from the data on atmospheric pressure distribution over the Black Sea over a decade. Their space-time variability is studied. It is shown that maximum values of the tangential wind stress in all seasons are located in the areas southwest of the Crimea and south of the Taman Peninsula. The tangenital wind stress retrieved from wind measurements is compared with the one determined from the atmospheric pressure data.Translated by V. Puchkin.     

Numerical modelling of tsunami propagation in the open Black Sea

This paper focuses on the numerical modelling of tsunami propagation in the open Black Sea. Two types of numerical models are discussed: a model for the radial propagation of long waves and an evolutionary finite-difference prognostic model. Experimentally derived numerical data on the model source of tsunamis are reported. Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

一次黄海海雾的三维数值模拟研究

本文利用 1个考虑了地形效应、植被影响、长波辐射、地表能量收支、液态水的重力沉降等影响雾的形成和发展主要因子的三维海雾模式 ,模拟了 1995 - 0 6 - 0 1发生在黄海的 1次实际海雾过程 ,分析了海雾生长、发展和消亡过程中液态水含量和其它物理量的三维时空分布变化特征。结果表明 ,该模式能较好地模拟出黄海海域实际的海雾生消过程 ,对海雾的三维结构有一定的模拟能力。     

一次黄海爆发性气旋的观测分析和数值模拟研究

本文利用再分析资料和WRFV3.9模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model）对2020年7月22－24日发生在黄海海域的一次爆发性气旋进行了研究,并对其演变过程和发展机制进行了详细分析。该气旋22日12UTC在山东南部生成,入海后开始爆发性发展,最大加深率达到1.2 Bergeron,23日在黄海中部气压降至最低990 hPa左右,24日在韩国登陆。高空强辐散、低层的暖舌结构、水汽输送和下垫面热通量的变化增强了大气斜压性,使其迅速发展。使用WRF模式对气旋进行模拟,涡度的诊断分析表明,大气低层强斜压性主要通过涡度方程的散度项对气旋的发展起作用,对流项在涡度发展旺盛的时刻也有一定影响。海温的敏感性试验表明,海温变化对气旋移动路径和中心气压影响明显。     

Black Sea Intrapycnocline Lenses according to the Results of a Numerical Simulation of Basin Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The exact scenario of the propagation of highly saline Marmora Sea waters in the Black Sea basin is not clear. Together with river runoff, they form the...     

Numerical modelling of the Black Sea hydrodynamics with application to ecological problems

Computations involving a complete baroclinic model for the Black Sea are analysed. Monthly climatic temperature and salinity data were used. Dynamic fields were derived for each of the 12 months. The characteristics of the cold intermediate layer, which represents an essential feature of the Black Sea thermal structure, are examined.Translated by V. Puchkin.     

Numerical analysis of hydrophysical fields on the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea

A numerical experiment with assimilation of hydrological observational data from a survey in October 2007 on the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea was carried out using the hydrodynamic model with nonlinear equations of motion, equations of heat and salt advection, and data assimilation. The results of this calculation are compared with thermohydrodynamic fields obtained without taking into account temperature and salinity measurements. It is shown that allowance for the observation data leads to qualitative and quantitative differences in the structure of the hydrophysical fields. Mesoscale eddies and intense jet streams that agree with satellite observations were found in the field of currents and were investigated. These eddies are not resolved in low-resolution field experiments.     

中国海波浪能资源分析

以10年QSCAT/NCEP混合风场数据为输入,采用WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ波浪模式,对中国海1999-2009年的海浪场进行了数值模拟,通过计算得到该海域的波浪能功率密度,对波浪能资源进行综合分析,得出中国海波浪能资源的地理分布特征以及各海区的季节变化情况.     

Numerical simulation of breeze circulation over the Crimean peninsula

Using the WRF-ARW model, we have conducted a numerical simulation of the atmospheric circulation in the Crimean region for a 30-day period in the summer. The characteristic features of the velocity fields of breeze circulation over Crimea have been identified. We have reproduced the specific features of the development of breeze as a gravity flow, such as the direct and indirect circulation cells, wave oscillations on the boundary between them associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, and the formation of the breeze head. The breeze velocities and their diurnal cycle have been estimated. For mountainous regions of the southern coast of Crimea (SCC), we have shown that the coastal circulation is predominantly contributed by quasi-diurnal oscillations associated with the wind excitation on the mountain slopes. The physical conditions for the development of a strong katabatic wind have been considered. The counter breeze flows in eastern Crimea formed under the influence of the adjacent Black and Azov seas generate an intense air rise in the meeting zone. The related linear cloudiness area is clearly traced on satellite images. We have obtained daily hodographs of breeze circulation reflecting the local conditions of the shoreline and the configuration of coastal mountains.     

On numerical modelling of currents over the north-west shelf of the Black Sea

Water circulation in the north-west part of the Black Sea during the summer period is calculated by means of a complete non-linear thermohydrodynamic model. We have also studied the contribution of wind forcing, the thermohaline regime, the coastline configuration, and the bottom topography to the generation and transformation of a flow field. It has been shown that the thermohaline regime and wind forcing account for 30 and 70% of the total circulation, respectively. Variation in the nature of circulation at weak winds is due to thermohaline factors. Vertical motion plays a crucial role in theT, S- andH ₂ S-field formation.Translated by V. Puchkin.     

Numerical simulation of an intensive upwelling event in the northeastern part of the Black Sea at the IO RAS hydrophysical testing site

The paper discusses mathematical simulation of intensive coastal upwelling observed in the northeastern part of the Black Sea in the water area of the hydrophysical test site of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, in September 2013. The simulation was carried out with the MIKE 21/3 Coupled Model FM combined hydrodynamic model of the Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI). The calculation results are compared with the data of direct instrumental observations carried out in the IO RAS hydrophysical survey area. The essential role of surface wind waves in the formation of the observed temperature profiles is demonstrated, as well as the necessity of taking it into account when considering peculiarities in the vertical circulation of coastal waters.     

Statistical characteristics and the variability of currents over the western Black Sea shelf

Statistical characteristics and the parameters of the temporal variability of currents are analysed using data on current measurements conducted by five moored autonomous buoy stations over Bulgaria's shelf. Estimates of the specific contribution to the variability of synoptic (60%) and mesoscale (40%) oscillations are derived. The qualitative spectrum of the currents is defined, constituted by synoptic oscillations, short-period synoptic oscillations, inertial oscillations, and internal waves. Estimates of periods and oscillation amplitudes are also derived. The kinetic energy of the currents is calculated and the specific contribution of the energy of different-scale oscillations and their interrelations are determined.Translated by V. Puchkin.