南黄海冬季生源要素的分布特征

本文对冬季南黄海横贯东西断面的生源要素分布特征进行了探讨。指出：１）冬季黄海暖流水除了具有高温、高盐等物理特征外,还具有低氧、高ｐＨ和低营养盐等化学特征;２）南黄海西南部海域具有高温、高盐、低氧和高营养盐特征,这是台湾暖流前缘水北上所致;３）南黄海中部营养盐含量较高,西部近岸含量较低;４）叶绿素ａ含量及初级生产力水平较低。结果还表明,冬季南黄海溶解氧含量及分布主要受水温的控制。     

南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制

根据1977—2016年历年8月南黄海断面标准层调查资料,采用时空分析等方法,研究了南黄海断面8月份低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制。溶解氧(DO)含量与表观耗氧量(AOU)年际变化分别有4种主要时空模态,溶解氧含量第一模态与表观耗氧量第一、二模态是断面海域显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势的主要影响分量,溶解氧第二~四模态与表观耗氧量第三、四模态为准平衡态长期变化。南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧变化的主要机制是生物活性组分(BAC)耗氧过程增多和增强,低氧和贫氧准平衡态长期变化的主要机制是生物活性组分、饱和溶解氧与海流输送的增减氧效应处于准平衡态状态。黄海冷水团中平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量存在显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势。南黄海夏季表层海气氧通量强度显著线性减弱,并且呈现“氧源”、“氧汇”相间变化。黄海夏季风生环流、海气氧通量强度逐渐减弱为黄海夏季低氧、贫氧发展提供了物理条件。目前黄海溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量场季节循环时空分布已经发生显著改变。     

Long-term bottom water warming in the north Ross Sea

We measured potential temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen profiles from the surface to the bottom at two locations in the north Ross Sea (65.2°S, 174.2°E and 67.2°S, 172.7°W) in December 2004. Comparison of our data with previous results from the same region reveals an increase in potential temperature and decreases in salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom layer (deeper than 3000 m) over the past four decades. The changes were significantly different from the analytical precisions. Detailed investigation of the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and σ ₃ value distributions and the bottom water flow in the north Ross Sea suggests a long-term change in water mass mixing balance. That is to say, it is speculated that the influence of cool, saline, high-oxygen bottom water (high-salinity Ross Sea Bottom Water) formed in the southwestern Ross Sea has possibly been decreased, while the influences of relatively warmer and fresher bottom water (low-salinity Ross Sea Bottom Water) and the Adélie Land Bottom Water coming from the Australia-Antarctic Basin have increased. The possible impact of global warming on ocean circulation needs much more investigation.     

黄海溶解氧垂直分布最大值的成因

本文对黄海溶解氧垂直分布中最大值的成因进行了探讨．认为：浮游植物春花期光合作用产生的大量氧，是溶解氧垂直分布最大值得以在春季（5月）形成的基础；而良好的温、密跃层的存在是氧最大值得以形成的必要条件，夏季叶绿素最大值层中较强的光合作用，是氧最大值在夏季得以维持甚至增强的主要原因．提出：黄海春、夏季溶解氧垂直分布中的最大值并非主要由冬季保持而来．     

春末黄东海域溶解氧垂直结构及氧最大值初步分析

根据1987年5～6月中日合作对黄东海域进行综合调查的溶解氧资料,讨论了该海区溶解氧垂直结构及氧最大值分布。指出在南黄海北部、中部及东海北部和中部的中层存在明显的溶解氧垂直分布最大值,它总是和冷水同存。并对氧最大值及垂直结构同温跃层及冷暖水之间关系进行了初步分析。     

北黄海夏季溶解氧与表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态

根据北黄海夏季断面1976~2015年历年8月监测资料,采用时空分析等方法,研究了北黄海夏季断面溶解氧含量和表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态.溶解氧含量与表观耗氧量年际变化分别有3种主要时空模态,第一、二模态是近底层水体低氧、贫氧年际变化的主要影响分量,第三模态是混合层水体高氧、富氧年际变化主要影响分量.生物活性组分(BAC)耗-生氧与海洋环流输送增减氧过程是夏季溶解氧含量与表观耗氧量年际变化主要影响因素,温跃层强度年际变化不是主要影响因素.2001年后,表层月海气氧通量年际变化由氧汇分布为主转变为氧源分布,表层溶解氧含量增大以及生物活性组分生氧作用增强年际变化是这种转变的原因.北黄海夏季断面年平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量空间分布相似性较低,夏季断面年平均温度、盐度以及沉积物需氧、风生环流是年平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量分布的主要影响因素.生物活性组分耗-生氧过程是断面各层月平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量年际变化主要影响因素,温度变化是次要因素.由于断面水体低氧幅度与贫氧面积显著线性增大,与30多年前比较,黄海溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量场季节变化空间分布与时间形态已经发生改变.     

春末黄东海域溶解氧分布与水团关系

以１９８７年５—６月中日台作黄东海域综合调查的溶解氧资料为主，探讨调查海区溶解氧分布特征与水团的对应关系。指出：近岸水团溶解氧合量高，远海低；上层水团高，下层低。在黄海冷水和东海北部底层冷水的上界出现明显的溶解氧垂直分布最大值及封闭形高氧区。水团边界区，氧跃层明显。溶解氧含量变化与水团温盐特性有关。通过分析发现，溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对鉴别东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，可作为一种有效的指标。     

南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值的季节特征

根据“八五”、“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象的分布特征、季节变化规律作了较为全面的分析和研究,同时比较了东海、黄海海域春、夏季溶解氧垂直分布出现的最大值现象及其特征.研究结果表明南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布的最大值现象与我国东海、黄海海域的溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象无论在地理分布、深度、强度、季节性变化还是存在条件的特征化方面,均有着较大的差别.反映影响南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因,均与东海、黄海海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因有所不同     

Effects of oil exposure on oxygen consumption of cod eggs and larvae

The oxygen consumption reflects the aerobic energy production of an animal. For fish eggs and larvae the normal oxygen consumption represents the optimal conditions for growth and development. Under the stress of environmental pollution gross deviation in oxygen uptake rate of the developing fish embryo may reflect metabolic disturbances and impede the development. Since the eggs and larvae of cod (Gadus morhua L.) are likely to be exposed to oil pollution from offshore installations in the North Sea we decided to investigate the effects of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of North Sea crude oil on the oxygen consumption of cod eggs and larvae. The results showed that oxygen consumption of the larvae at the time of final yolk absorption (5–7 days post hatching at 5°C) is strongly suppressed by oil exposure at concentrations down to 50 ppb. No effect on the oxygen uptake, however, was found during the egg stage.     

Possibilities of the photoluminescence method for determining the oxygen concentration in the redox zone of the Black Sea in comparison with other methods

Different methods of measuring low oxygen concentrations were compared in July 2008 in the Black Sea: the conventional Winkler method, electrochemical sensors (membrane and membrane-free), and two modifications of photoluminescence sensors. The membrane-free sensor used in the Black Sea since 1999 and the domestic photoluminescence sensor showed the best results: agreement of data, possibility of fine oxygen distribution resolution, and absence of the oxygen and hydrogen sulfide coexistence layer. The latter has good technical characteristics: high oxygen sensitivity and complete inertness to hydrogen sulfide, possibility of calibration in a gaseous environment, and a relatively low time constant (5–6 s). An equation was suggested for dynamic correction of data in the testing mode, which eliminates hysteresis of data on probe descent and ascent to a significant degree. It was shown that the oxygen concentration above the hydrogen sulfide layer in the subreductive zone of the Black Sea did not exceed 0.02 μM.     

The past, present and future of the East/Japan sea in change: a simple moving-boundary box model approach

The East/Japan Sea is a mid-latitude marginal sea that has undergone dramatic changes during the last 50–60 years. One of the most prominent characteristics of these changes is a rapid decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in deep waters. As a consequence of these changes, some investigators have even argued that the East/Japan Sea might become an anoxic sea in the next 200 years. While the causes of these changes are still under investigation, it has been shown that they are mainly due to modifications in the mode of the deep water ventilation system in the East/Japan Sea: a slowdown and complete cessation of bottom water formation accompanied by an enhancement of upper water formation instead. A simple moving-boundary box model (MBBM) was developed in order to analyze and quantify the processes involved in such changes over the last 50–60 years. Using a MBBM, we estimated the levels of several conservative chemical tracers (CFCs, Tritium, SF₆, ¹³⁷Cs) and bioactive tracers (oxygen and phosphate) in the deep water masses of the East/Japan Sea, comparing these with the historical data available, and making predictions for the near future. The model predicts that the East/Japan Sea should remain well-oxygenated, despite recent rapid oxygen decreases in its deep waters, accompanied by such structural changes as a shrinking of its oxygen-depleted deeper waters and an expansion of its oxygen-rich upper waters over the next few decades.     

The Japan Sea Intermediate Water; Its Characteristics and Circulation

In the southern Japan Sea there is a salinity minimum layer between the Tsushima Current Water and the Japan Sea Proper Water. Since the salinity minimum corresponds to the North Pacific Intermediate Water, it is named the Japan Sea Intermediate Water (JIW). To examine the source and circulation of JIW, the basin-wide salinity minimum distribution was investigated on the basis of hydrographic data obtained in 1969. The young JIW, showing the highest oxygen concentration and the lowest salinity, is seen in the southwestern Japan Sea west of 133°E, while another JIW with lower oxygen and higher salinity occupies the southeastern Japan Sea south of the subpolar front. Since the young JIW shows high oxygen concentrations, high temperatures and low densities, the source of the water is probably in the surface layer. It is inferred that the most probable region of subduction is the subarctic front west of 132°E with the highest oxygen and the lowest salinity at shallow salinity minimum. In addition, property distributions suggest that JIW takes two flow paths: a eastward flow along the subarctic front and an southward flow toward the Ulleung Basin. On the other hand, a different salinity minimum from JIW occupies the northern Japan Sea north of the subarctic front, which shows an apparently higher salinity and high oxygen concentration than JIW. However, this salinity minimum is considered not to be a water mass but to be a boundary between overlying and underlying water masses. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西南黄海2018年夏季溶解氧分布特征及其影响因素的初步分析

利用2018年夏季在西南黄海的现场调查资料,分析了海温、盐度和溶解氧(dissoloved oxygen,DO)分布特征.海区西侧的江苏沿海有明显的冷水带,冷水带对应表层较高的DO浓度.在海区南侧的长江口附近,盐度由南向北升高,上部海水DO浓度高,下部海水DO浓度低.综合现场观测数据、CCMP (Cross Calib...     

中更新世以来东海陆架的古环境

基于１９９６年中法合作在东海陆架进行的电火花单道地震调查资料,并与位于东海外陆架钻孔ＤＺＱ４对比,发现对应于氧同位素６期以来的六个地震地层与钻孔地层呈现很好的对应关系,其间共有四次海退－海进的沉积旋回。资料分析表明东海第四纪环境演变与全球气候冷暖变化所导致的海面升降直接相关。     

春末黄东海海域溶解氧分布特征与水团相互关系探讨

采用1987年5－6月中日合作黄东海海域综合调查溶解氧资料，参考有关文献，讨论调查海域溶解氧分布特征及与水团的对应关系。分析结果表明，各水团中溶解氧含量的差异与各水团温盐特性及生物地球化学过程不同有关。通过分析还发现溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，是一个重要的指标。     

黄海溶解氧垂直分布的最大值

海洋溶解氧垂直分布中的最大值,正如最小值一样,亦为溶解氧垂直分布中的一个突出的现象.对于这一现象,不同的研究者作出了不同的解释.Thompson在太平洋北部及东北部25-50M处观测到氧最大值层,他们认为这一氧最大值层,是与光合带相适应的.对鄂霍次克海中氧的最大值的形成,绘出了一个假设的图,认为夏季氧垂直分布中的最大值,是由于在跃层形成时期,浮游植物光合作用时,大量的氧从上面渗入到稍下的层内,随着增温时该处稳定密度层的形成,垂直交换困难,因而氧即被保持下耒,形成了夏季最大值.Ichiye认为,密度跃层中的氧最大值,是由于氧的涡动扩散,要进行得比热的涡动传导为慢的缘故.     

Variations of the oxygen minimum zone of the Okhotsk Sea during the last 50 ka as indicated by benthic foraminiferal and biogeochemical data

Benthic foraminiferal and sediment biogeochemical data (total organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biogenic opal contents) in two cores (1265 and 1312 m water depths) from the southeastern Sakhalin slope and one core (839 m water depth) from the southwestern Kamchatka slope were investigated to reconstruct variations of the oxygen minimum zone during the last 50 ka in the Okhotsk Sea. The oxygen minimum zone was less pronounced during cooling in the MIS 2 that is suggested to be caused by a maximal expansion of sea ice cover, decrease of marine productivity and increase of production of the oxygenated Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). A two-step-like strengthening of oxygen minimum zone during the warmings in the Termination 1a and 1b was linked to (1) enhanced oxygen consumption due to degradation of large amount of organic matter in the water column and bottom sediments, originated from increased marine productivity and supply of terrigenous material from the submerged northern shelves; (2) sea ice cover retreat and reduction of OSIW production; (3) freely inflow of the oxygen-depleted intermediate water mass from the North Pacific.     

2011年长江口-东海P-PN断面碳酸盐体系参数的季节分布特征及影响因素

海水碳酸盐体系参数是反映碳循环调控机理和季节性酸化过程的重要海水化学参数.本文根据2011年3月、7月、11月和12月4个不同季节航次获取的长江口海域海水碳酸盐体系参数,探讨了长江口-东海P断面溶解无机碳(DIC)和总碱度(T A)的空间分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:内陆架区,DIC和T A的平均值均表现为:夏季<秋...     

Vertical structure of water masses and silicon-phosphorus ratios in the west Bering Sea and in the Sea of Okhotsk

Using the data obtained from CTD stations and hydrochemical measurements (oxygen, silicates, and phosphates) performed by the Pacific Scientific Research Fishery Center (TINRO Center) in 2001–2004, vertical structures of water masses were considered for the western Bering Sea and for the deep-water depression of the Sea of Okhotsk. It was shown that definite values of the Si/P molar ratio were characteristic for the water mass boundaries within which linear relationships between these two elements were observed. The lower boundaries of cold intermediate layers in both seas are characterized by a value of Si/P = 23. The ratio for the main halocline (the layer of nutrient concentration jump) is equal to 32, while that for the intermediate layer is equal to 43 (47 in the Sea of Okhotsk). In the Bering Sea, linear relationships between the concentrations of these elements are determined by mixing of waters of different origin. The deep convection, regeneration of phosphates in the lower part of the surface layer, and the significant oxygen deficiency in the intermediate layer determine the doubled inclination of their ratio compared to the Redfield’s parameter. At the same time, in the Sea of Okhotsk, the determining role in linear relationships between the elements considered is played by the aeration of intermediate layer with near-bottom shelf waves, and by tidal mixing.     

Oxygen and nutrient fluxes through the Straits of the Cretan Arc (March 1994–January 1995)

The Straits of the Cretan Arc are the gateways through which water exchanges between the Cretan Sea and the SE Ionian and NW Levantine Seas. Dissolved oxygen and nutrient fluxes have been quantified for the major straits — Antikithira, Kassos and Karpathos — by combining chemical bottle-sample data and current measurements obtained during the PELAGOS Project during 1994–1995. Two water masses, Cretan Deep Water (CDW) and Transitional Mediterranean Water (TMW) dominate the circulation through the straits and lead to a vertical redistribution of nutrients in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.The transport of chemicals through the major straits of the Cretan Arc appears to be highly variable. In the Antikithira and Kassos Straits, a net export of oxygen and nutrients from the Cretan Sea towards the open waters of the Eastern Mediterranean was observed throughout the entire study period. In contrast, a net inflow of oxygen and nutrients of Levantine origin was taking place through the Karpathos Strait. It is concluded that the export of nutrients through the Antikithira and Kassos Straits are almost completely balanced by the net import through the Karpathos Strait.