国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁提取研究

基于桥梁与水体的空间关系,结合卫星遥感影像数据包含的多光谱和形态学特征信息,提出一种有效提取国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁目标的方法.利用国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像数据进行桥梁目标提取试验.结果表明,该方法能快速、准确、有效地提取“环境一号”卫星影像中的桥梁目标,具有一定的应用价值.     

面向对象的形态学建筑物指数及其高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取应用

高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取是摄影测量与遥感领域的一个热门研究主题。本文综合利用影像分割、基于图的数学形态学top-hat重建技术,提出了面向对象的形态学建筑物指数OBMBI,并将其应用于高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取。首先,建立像素-对象-图节点的双向映射关系;然后,基于图的白top-hat重建和上述映射关系来构建OBMBI图像;接着,对该OBMBI图像二值化、矢量化以获取建筑物多边形;最后,对结果进行后处理优化。使用一景航空、一景卫星全色影像对本文方法和PanTex方法进行性能测试。试验表明,本文方法的建筑物提取精度显著的优于PanTex方法。其中,本文方法平均比PanTex方法的正确率高9.49%、完整率高11.26%、质量高14.11%。     

济南市遥感影像的水体信息提取方法研究

介绍了遥感影像融合技术,并对几种常见的遥感影像融合方法及其应用作了系统的阐述,以图像处理系统ERDAS为平台,利用济南市卫星遥感图像作为研究材料,讨论了ERDAS计算机图像处理的有关过程,研究了如何把水体从遥感图像中提取出来。结果表明：该提取水体的研究方法正确可行,可为地理信息专题制图提供重要的遥感基础信息。     

Otsu法、区域生长法及形态学相结合的遥感图像海岸线提取

针对现有的海岸线提取方法精度低,无法满足处理各种传感器卫星图像及对线性多样复杂的海岸线提取的需求,本文提出了一种将Otsu法、区域生长法及形态学相结合的遥感图像海岸线提取方法。并且通过试验证明,该海岸线提取方法可以充分发挥Otsu、区域生长法及形态学方法在提取海岸线方面的各自优势,大大提高了海岸线的提取精度。并利用该方法对两种不同的卫星图像数据进行海岸线提取,验证了该方法在不同条件下均有良好的适用性。     

秦淮河丘陵地区土地利用遥感信息提取及制图

着重论述了使用SPOT卫星遥感图像提取土地利用专题信息的技术与方法。利用数字地形模型（DEM）派生的坡度、坡向等辅助信息，对遥感影像的光谱特征空间进行扩展，建立基于知识的统计分析扩展模型，对不同参数的分类结果进行评价。研究结果表明，该方法能有效地提取SPOT星遥感土地利用专题信息，特别适合我国南方丘陵地区土地利用遥感信息提取。同时，通过地物分层分类信息提取方法和遥感影像数据融合技术，编制了研究区土地利用现状图。     

基于分区预测差分编码的遥感星上数据无损压缩

遥感图像数据压缩的一个重大应用是星上数据压缩。本文基于信息论的理论和遥感图像信息量的统计规律,提出一种差分编码压缩方法。运用该方法对北京一号小卫星的多光谱数据和全色波段数据进行了无损压缩试验,取得了良好的效果。还专门针对卫星遥感影像数据的特点,提出了分区预测差分编码压缩的建议。     

基于分水岭算法的高分遥感图像道路提取优化方法

针对高分辨率遥感图像城市道路提取中存在的问题,在面向对象方法和数学形态学等理论基础上,提出了一种基于改进的分水岭分割算法的道路提取方法.在图像预处理基础上,首先使用改进的分水岭算法分割影像,提取基本的道路信息;然后利用面向对象方法提取道路基元,完善道路信息;最后将道路信息二值化,并采用数学形态学等方法进行优化,去除和修补不完善的道路.结果表明,该方法能有效地提取出城市地区的道路信息,对较复杂的道路环境也有较好的效果.     

基于标记分水岭分割的高分辨率影像水体信息提取

提出一种基于标记分水岭分割的高分辨率卫星融合影像提取水体信息的方法。首先采用pansharpening 融合法获得光谱扭曲小的高分辨率卫星融合影像;其次利用标记分水岭算法对高分辨率卫星融合影像进行分割;最后在分割基础上利用水体指数模型提取水体信息。采用QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像数据试验,与eCognition多尺度分割提取水体方法的结果相比,表明本文方法更快速有效,具有实用推广价值。     

基于ERDAS的掩模图像生成方法探讨

同时存在多种地物干扰影响时,如何利用遥感软件ERDAS的可视化编程Modeler模块生成符合某种条件的二值掩模图像及多值掩模图像,在以往文献中很少有介绍,但这项技术的确是去除干扰信息及提取有用信息的关键一步.针对此问题,探讨了基于该模块生成二值和多值掩模图像的方法;将生成的多值掩模图像应用于卫星遥感图像处理,得到无干扰信息的遥感图像;并在此基础上用主成分分析法提取遥感铁染蚀变信息及羟基蚀变信息.结果表明:利用此方法生成的多值掩模图像应用于卫星遥感图像处理,可有效去除干扰信息,剔除假异常信息,为遥感蚀变信息提取提供高质量的基础数据.     

快鸟影像的应用研究

随着空间技术的发展,遥感图像的分辨率越来越高。其重要性日渐显露。遥感图像处理的发展目标之一就是实现自动的识别及目标信息的自动提取。利用高分辨率的卫星(如快鸟卫星)影像识别地面目标是急需的,本文仅以遥感影像的水体提取为例。     

基于多光谱分析的HJ-1B数据云检测算法

云检测是遥感数据预处理中的一个重要环节。本文通过分析云及典型地物光谱特性,结合HJ-1B传感器波段设置,提出了一种基于多光谱分析的云检测算法。该方法针对不同下垫面类型,选取合适的波段组合逐一建立云掩模。利用该算法对多幅影像进行去云处理,结果表明,该方法能够很好地检测出不同时期不同背景上空的云像元。     

北京地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据的气溶胶反演及在大气校正中的应用

与现有的大气卫星传感器相比,环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD相机具有较高的空间分辨率(30m),使得在城市地区找到光谱纯像元的机率大大增加。本文提出一种基于纯像元提取的城市地区气溶胶光学厚度(AerosolOpticalDepth,AOD)反演算法,利用像元纯净指数来提取CCD影像上的纯像元,并由HJ-1A星和B星的多时相CCD观测数据结合地表双向反射率模型确定纯像元的地表反射特性,在此基础上反演AOD。与AERONET地基测量数据的对比表明,该算法具有较高精度,相关系数为0.83,线性拟合斜率为1.091,截距为0.053。基于该方法的AOD反演结果作为输入,能较大程度提高HJ-1卫星CCD影像大气校正的精度。     

Water body mapping method with HJ-1A/B satellite imagery

This paper proposes an integrated water body mapping method with HJ-1A/B satellite imagery, the CCD (charge coupled device) data of the Chinese environmental satellites that were launched on September 6th, 2008. It combines the difference between NDVI and NDWI (NDVI–NDWI) with SLOPE and near-infrared (NIR) band. The NDVI–NDWI index is used to enhance the contrast between water bodies and the surrounding surface features; the topographic SLOPE is used to eliminate the mountain shadow; and the NIR band is used to reduce the effects of artificial construction land. The objectives are evaluating the potential of the HJ-1A/B imagery on water body monitoring, and proposing ideally mapping method. The test study results indicated that the NDVI–NDWI index is superior to the single index of NDVI and NDWI to enhance the contrast between water bodies and the rest of the features. On the basis of the accurately mapped water bodies in the HJ-1A/B CCD images of the study area, we conclude that the HJ-1A/B multi-spectral satellite images is an ideal data source for high spatial and temporal resolution water bodies monitoring. And the integrated water body mapping method is suitable for the applications of HJ-1A/B multi-spectral satellite images in this field.     

环境一号卫星及其在环境监测中的应用

2008年9月发射的环境一号卫星是中国自主研发的首颗专门用于环境与灾害监测的新型卫星,对中国环境遥感监测技术发展与应用具有里程碑意义。围绕环境一号卫星应用关键技术研究与业务运行,首先对在大量研究基础上形成的环境一号卫星技术性能指标进行了介绍和分析,给出了环境一号卫星CCD、红外和超光谱数据的实例,并从几何精度和辐射特性等多个方面对环境一号卫星数据质量进行了分析和评价;然后从大型水体环境遥感监测、区域环境空气遥感监测、宏观生态环境遥感监测的角度,系统提出了环境一号卫星的应用需求;在此基础上设计了包括业务流程和数据产品定义在内的环境一号卫星应用方案;最后将所建立的基于环境一号卫星的环境参数反演方法用于京津塘地区气溶胶光学厚度及巢湖叶绿素a浓度反演,显示了环境一号卫星应用的作用和效果。     

HJ-1卫星CCD图像信噪比评估

采用基于边缘块剔除的局部方差法对我国HJ-1环境卫星CCD图像的信噪比进行了评估,选取满足噪声评估环境的图像,分析了HJ-1/CCD影像各个波段的信噪比特征。结果表明,HJ-1/CCD影像第3波段信噪比最高,第4波段相对较低;与美国Landsat/TM图像相比,HJ-1/CCD图像信噪比整体上更高。     

Phenological metrics-based crop classification using HJ-1 CCD images and Landsat 8 imagery

Crop type data are an important piece of information for many applications in agriculture. Extracting crop type using remote sensing is not easy because multiple crops are usually planted into small parcels with limited availability of satellite images due to weather conditions. In this research, we aim at producing crop maps for areas with abundant rainfall and small-sized parcels by making full use of Landsat 8 and HJ-1 charge-coupled device (CCD) data. We masked out non-vegetation areas by using Landsat 8 images and then extracted a crop map from a long-term time-series of HJ-1 CCD satellite images acquired at 30-m spatial resolution and two-day temporal resolution. To increase accuracy, four key phenological metrics of crops were extracted from time-series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index curves plotted from the HJ-1 CCD images. These phenological metrics were used to further identify each of the crop types with less, but easier to access, ancillary field survey data. We used crop area data from the Jingzhou statistical yearbook and 5.8-m spatial resolution ZY-3 satellite images to perform an accuracy assessment. The results show that our classification accuracy was 92% when compared with the highly accurate but limited ZY-3 images and matched up to 80% to the statistical crop areas.     

HJ-1B卫星热红外遥感影像农田地表温度反演

本文以我国自主研发的HJ-1B卫星影像为数据源,利用其热红外影像、基于JM&S普适性单通道算法反演2009年5月20日河北省涿州市和高碑店市的农田地表温度。最后将HJ-1B IRS影像的地表温度反演结果与同时相Landsat TM5影像的反演结果进行比较分析,分析结果表明:本文所提出的基于HJ-1B卫星热红外影像反演农田地表温度精度可靠,该方法是可行性的。     

Mapping crop phenology using NDVI time-series derived from HJ-1 A/B data

With the availability of high frequent satellite data, crop phenology could be accurately mapped using time-series remote sensing data. Vegetation index time-series data derived from AVHRR, MODIS, and SPOT-VEGETATION images usually have coarse spatial resolution. Mapping crop phenology parameters using higher spatial resolution images (e.g., Landsat TM-like) is unprecedented. Recently launched HJ-1 A/B CCD sensors boarded on China Environment Satellite provided a feasible and ideal data source for the construction of high spatio-temporal resolution vegetation index time-series. This paper presented a comprehensive method to construct NDVI time-series dataset derived from HJ-1 A/B CCD and demonstrated its application in cropland areas. The procedures of time-series data construction included image preprocessing, signal filtering, and interpolation for daily NDVI images then the NDVI time-series could present a smooth and complete phenological cycle. To demonstrate its application, TIMESAT program was employed to extract phenology parameters of crop lands located in Guanzhong Plain, China. The small-scale test showed that the crop season start/end derived from HJ-1 A/B NDVI time-series was comparable with local agro-metrological observation. The methodology for reconstructing time-series remote sensing data had been proved feasible, though forgoing researches will improve this a lot in mapping crop phenology. Last but not least, further studies should be focused on field-data collection, smoothing method and phenology definitions using time-series remote sensing data.     

Corn Area Extraction by the Integration of MODIS-EVI Time Series Data and China’s Environment Satellite (HJ-1) Data

In this paper, we intent to use the remotely sensed MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and China’s Environment Satellite (HJ-1) data for extracting the corn cultivated area over a regional scale. The high resolution HJ-1 data was to extract corn distribution at a small scale class with Support Vector Machine (SVM). The mean Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series curve of corn from MODIS was derived for the reference area and validated in a larger area. The MODIS-EVI time series curve derived from the reference area instead of the MODIS-EVI time series curve derived from the study area after validation, which was taken as the standard MODIS-EVI time series curve in for generating a standard MODIS-EVI image of corn. The mean absolute distance (MAD) between the standard MODIS-EVI image of corn and the MODIS-EVI time series image was used to detect the maximum possible extent of corn distribution in the study area. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the method was 82.17 %, with commission and omission errors of 16.85 and 15.40 %, respectively; at the county level, the satellite-estimated corn area and statistical data were well correlated (R ²?=?0.85, N?=?50) for the whole Jilin Province. It indicated that the MODIS data integrated with higher spatial resolution of HJ-1 satellite data could be utilized to enhance the extraction accuracy of corn cultivated area at a larger scale.