雅克拉凝析气田油气地球化学特征

雅克拉凝析气田天然气组分以甲烷为主,含量79.13%￣89.30%;重烃含量较高,平均占9.67%;干燥系数(C1/C1-5)介于0.89～0.92之间,属典型的湿气。δ13C1为-40.8‰～-39.4‰,δ13C2为-32.0‰～-30.2‰,δ13C3为-30.5‰～-28.9‰,表明天然气为典型的油型气。原油及其族组分的碳同位素组成和生物标志化合物呈现出典型的海相原油特征。原油成熟度较高,与天然气的成熟度基本相同,表明油气同源、同阶,为一次油气充注的产物,而与塔河油田存在较大差异。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系-二叠系烃源岩干酪根C同位素的特征和影响因素

许多研究者认为,烃源岩干酪根C同位素组成主要受干酪根类型的影响,可以作为评价烃源岩类型、沉积环境和进行油气源对比的重要指标,并得到广泛应用.对额济纳旗及邻区典型剖面石炭系-二叠系烃源岩有机碳(TOC)的丰度、地球化学特征、热演化特征和干酪根C同位素分布的研究表明.研究区石炭系-二叠系烃源岩为浅海陆棚相沉积环境形成的泥质岩,TOC含量中等,以Ⅱ类干酪根为主,烃源岩演化进入成熟-过成熟阶段,干酪根C同位素县有显著偏重的特点.并且干酪根C同位素组成明显与热演化程度和有机碳丰度有关,随着烃源岩演化程度的不断提高,重碳同位素不断富集,在成熟-过成熟阶段,对C同位素的影响可达4‰～6‰随着TOC含量的增加,干酪根C同位素显著偏轻,影响值可达4‰以上.由于研究区烃源岩已进入成熟-过成熟阶段,干酪根C同位素的分布在演化过程中已经发生较大变化,干酪根类型的影响相对降低或已不显著,不能再作为评价烃源岩干酪根类型的指标.     

Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians

This study examined the molecular and isotopic compositions of gases generated from different kerogen types (i.e., Types I/II, II, IIS and III) in Menilite Shales by sequential hydrous pyrolysis experiments. The experiments were designed to simulate gas generation from source rocks at pre-oil-cracking thermal maturities. Initially, rock samples were heated in the presence of liquid water at 330 °C for 72 h to simulate early gas generation dominated by the overall reaction of kerogen decomposition to bitumen. Generated gas and oil were quantitatively collected at the completion of the experiments and the reactor with its rock and water was resealed and heated at 355 °C for 72 h. This condition simulates late petroleum generation in which the dominant overall reaction is bitumen decomposition to oil. This final heating equates to a cumulative thermal maturity of 1.6% R_r, which represents pre-oil-cracking conditions. In addition to the generated gases from these two experiments being characterized individually, they are also summed to characterize a cumulative gas product. These results are compared with natural gases produced from sandstone reservoirs within or directly overlying the Menilite Shales. The experimentally generated gases show no molecular compositions that are distinct for the different kerogen types, but on a total organic carbon (TOC) basis, oil prone kerogens (i.e., Types I/II, II and IIS) generate more hydrocarbon gas than gas prone Type III kerogen. Although the proportionality of methane to ethane in the experimental gases is lower than that observed in the natural gases, the proportionality of ethane to propane and i-butane to n-butane are similar to those observed for the natural gases. δ¹³C values of the experimentally generated methane, ethane and propane show distinctions among the kerogen types. This distinction is related to the δ¹³C of the original kerogen, with ¹³C enriched kerogen generating more ¹³C enriched hydrocarbon gases than kerogen less enriched in ¹³C. The typically assumed linear trend for δ¹³C of methane, ethane and propane versus their reciprocal carbon number for a single sourced natural gas is not observed in the experimental gases. Instead, the so-called “dogleg” trend, exemplified by relatively ¹³C depleted methane and enriched propane as compared to ethane, is observed for all the kerogen types and at both experimental conditions. Three of the natural gases from the same thrust unit had similar “dogleg” trends indicative of Menilite source rocks with Type III kerogen. These natural gases also contained varying amounts of a microbial gas component that was approximated using the Δδ¹³C for methane and propane determined from the experiments. These approximations gave microbial methane components that ranged from 13–84%. The high input of microbial gas was reflected in the higher gas:oil ratios for Outer Carpathian production (115–1568 Nm³/t) compared with those determined from the experiments (65–302 Nm³/t). Two natural gas samples in the far western part of the study area had more linear trends that suggest a different organic facies of the Menilite Shales or a completely different source. This situation emphasizes the importance of conducting hydrous pyrolysis on samples representing the complete stratigraphic and lateral extent of potential source rocks in determining specific genetic gas correlations.     

Isotopic signatures of CH4 and higher hydrocarbon gases from Precambrian Shield sites: A model for abiogenic polymerization of hydrocarbons

Previous studies of methane and higher hydrocarbon gases in Precambrian Shield rocks in Canada and the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa identified two major gas types. Paleometeoric waters were dominated by hydrocarbon gases with compositional and isotopic characteristics consistent with production by methanogens utilizing the CO₂ reduction pathway. In contrast the deepest, most saline fracture waters contained gases that did not resemble the products of microbial methanogenesis and were dominated by both high concentrations of H₂ gas, and CH₄ and higher hydrocarbon gases with isotopic signatures attributed to abiogenic processes of water-rock reaction in these high rock/water ratio, hydrogeologically-isolated fracture waters. Based on new data obtained for the higher hydrocarbon gases in particular, a model is proposed to account for carbon isotope variation between CH₄ and the higher hydrocarbon gases (specifically ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) consistent with abiogenic polymerization. Values of δ¹³C for CH₄ and the higher hydrocarbon gases predicted by the model are shown to match proposed abiogenic hydrocarbon gas end-members identified at five field sites (two in Canada and three in South Africa) suggesting that the carbon isotope patterns between the hydrocarbon homologs reflect the reaction mechanism. In addition, the δ²H isotope data for these gases are shown to be out of isotopic equilibrium, suggesting the consistent apparent fractionation observed between the hydrocarbon homologs may also reflect reaction mechanisms involved in the formation of the gases. Recent experimental and field studies of proposed abiogenic hydrocarbons such as those found at mid-ocean spreading centers and off-axis hydrothermal fields such as Lost City have begun to focus not only on the origin of CH₄, but on the compositional and isotopic information contained in the higher hydrocarbon gases. The model explored in this paper suggests that while the extent of fractionation in the first step in the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction chain may vary as a function of different reaction parameters, δ¹³C values for the higher hydrocarbon gases may be predicted by a simple mass balance model from the δ¹³C values of the lower molecular weight precursors, consistent with abiogenic polymerization. Integration of isotopic data for the higher hydrocarbon gases in addition to CH₄ may be critical for delineation of the origin of the hydrocarbons and investigation of formation mechanisms.     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物分解气碳氢同位素组成特征

开展祁连山冻土区天然气水合物气体同位素研究,是解决其气体成因、来源等科学问题的一个重要手段。本研究采集祁连山南麓多年冻土区水合物科学钻探DK2和DK3孔共8个含水合物的岩芯样品,采用真空顶空法收集样品中水合物的分解气,分别用气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)测定其气体成分和同位素组成,测试结果表明:祁连山冻土区天然气水合物样品的气体碳氢同位素变化较大,甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的碳同位素(δ13C)变化范围分别为-52.6‰～-48.1‰、-38.6‰～-30.7‰和-34.7‰～-21.2‰,而二氧化碳的碳同位素(δ13C)最低为-27.9‰,最高为16.7‰;甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的氢同位素(δD)变化范围分别为-285‰～-227‰、-276‰～-236‰和-247‰～-198‰。通过对这些碳氢同位素进行综合研究,包括气体分子组成与同位素的关系分析、甲烷的碳氢同位素之间的关系判断等,结果表明研究区天然气水合物的气体主要来源于热解气,而且是在淡水环境中形成的有机成因气。     

The effect of oil expulsion or retention on further thermal degradation of kerogen at the high maturity stage: A pyrolysis study of type II kerogen from Pingliang shale,China

High maturity oil and gas are usually generated after primary oil expulsion from source rocks, especially from oil prone type I/II kerogen. However, the detailed impacts of oil expulsion, or retention in source rock on further thermal degradation of kerogen at the high maturity stage remain unknown. In the present study, we collected an Ordovician Pingliang shale sample containing type II kerogen. The kerogens, which had previously generated and expelled oil and those which had not, were prepared and pyrolyzed in a closed system, to observe oil expulsion or oil retention effects on later oil and gas generation from kerogen. The results show that oil expulsion and retention strongly impacts on further oil and gas generation in terms of both the amount and composition in the high maturity stage. Gas production will be reduced by 50% when the expulsion coefficient reaches 58%, and gas from oil-expelled kerogen (less oil retained) is much drier than that from fresh kerogen. The oil expulsion also causes n-alkanes and gas compounds to have heavier carbon isotopic compositions at high maturity stages. The enrichment of ¹³C in n-alkanes and gas hydrocarbons are 1‰ and 4–6‰ respectively, compared to fresh kerogen. Oil expulsion may act as open system opposite to the oil retention that influences the data pattern in crossplots of δ¹³C₂–δ¹³C₃ versus C₂/C₃, δ¹³C₂–δ¹³C₃ versus δ¹³C₁ and δ¹³C₁–δ¹³C₂ versus ln(C₁/C₂), which are widely used for identification of gas from kerogen cracking or oil cracking. These results suggest that the reserve estimation and gas/source correlation in deep burial basins should consider the proportion of oil retention to oil expulsion the source rocks have experienced.     

松辽盆地庆深气田异常氢同位素组成成因研究

对松辽盆地徐家围子断陷庆深气田天然气组分、碳氢同位素和稀有气体同位素的分析表明,天然气以烷烃气为主,烷烃气碳同位素组成随着碳数增加呈变轻趋势,且δ13C1＆gt;-30‰, R/Ra一般大于1.0,δ13CCO2值介于-16.5‰~-5.1‰之间;氢同位素组成δD1=-205‰~-197‰,平均值为-203‰,δD2=-247‰~-160‰,平均值为-195‰,δD3=-237‰~-126‰,平均值为-163‰,且存在氢同位素组成倒转现象,即δD1＆gt;δD2＆lt;δD3。根据对庆深气田天然气不同地球化学特征分析,认为该气田烷烃气中重烃主要为有机成因,而 CH4有相当无机成因混入。庆深气田烷烃气氢同位素组成具有 CH4变化小,而重烃（δD2,δD3）变化大的特点。根据与朝阳沟地区天然气烷烃气氢同位素组成对比分析,认为 CH4主要表现为无机成因,而重烃气（δD2,δD3）主要为有机成因,且无机成因CH4氢同位素组成重于有机成因CH4。     

霸县凹陷牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕古流体和现今流体特征研究

霸县凹陷牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕储层发育且勘探程度低,通过牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕方解石脉体及围岩的岩石学、同位素、包裹体等特征的研究,分析了古流体来源、期次和演化特征,再结合现今地层水特征,总结了流体活动对油气成藏的影响。研究结果表明：研究区发育3种类型方解石脉体(Cal1、Cal2和Cal3),其中加里东运动早期形成的Cal1型脉体与围岩同位素特征相似,认为流体来源于海相围岩。加里东运动晚期形成的Cal2型脉体可分为2期,其中裂缝边部的早期脉体Cal2 1与围岩同位素特征也相似,流体也来源于围岩;位于中心的晚期脉体Cal2 2相对围岩具有δ13C相似、δ18O亏损和87Sr/86Sr富集的特征,流体包裹体具有较低均一温度(<50 ℃)和盐度(13wt%～35wt%NaCl),认为流体来源于大气水和围岩的混合。喜马拉雅运动Es3-Es4期形成的Cal3型脉体相对围岩具有δ13C和δ18O亏损、87Sr/86Sr富集的特征,流体包裹体具有高均一温度(142～210 ℃),认为流体来源于岩浆活动。这些特征表明研究区存在3次流体活动,流体分别来源于海相围岩、大气水和岩浆活动,没有烃类流体活动的证据。研究区现今地层水具有低矿化度(2～3 g/L)、高钠氯系数(1～12)的特征,与邻近霸县生油洼槽的古近系地层水有很大差异,说明油气的保存条件及其与霸县洼槽水动力联系均较差。综合古流体和现今流体特征,认为研究区潜山内幕的流体活动特征不利于油气的成藏。     

生排烃过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成的变化特征及其研究意义

通过对生排烃模拟实验产物 (残留油和排出油 )中正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成的测定,揭示出生排烃过程中正构烷烃碳同位素组成的变化特征。研究表明,生烃初期,液态正构烷烃主要来自干酪根的初次裂解,它们的碳同位素组成不论是在排出油中还是在残留油中,随温度的变化都不明显,呈现较相似的分布特征;在生烃高峰期,早期形成的沥青质和非烃等组分的二次裂解以及高碳数正构烷烃可能存在的裂解,使得正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成明显富集13 C,尤其在高碳数部分呈现出较大的差异。另外,实验结果显示排烃作用对液态正烷烃单体碳同位素组成的影响不太显著。     

滇东北地区下石炭统万寿山组烃源岩生物标志物特征及沉积环境分析

为研究滇东北及邻区下石炭统万寿山组泥质烃源岩的有机质来源及沉积环境特征,共采集了33件样品,开展了烃源岩基本特征及生物标志化合物特征以及微量元素特征的研究。测试结果显示,烃源岩的有机质来源比较复杂。烃源岩正构烷烃图谱表现出机质具有水生生物和陆生植物双重来源;CPI值与OEP值无明显奇偶优势。正构烷烃的ΣC21-/ΣC22+值范围在0.21~7.68,(nC21+nC22)/(nC28+nC29)值范围在0.76~2.72,烃源岩在区域上可能具有陆源植物与海相生物混合来源的特征,甾族C27,C28和C29-ααα-20R关系三角图也证明这一点。同时,干酪根δ13Corg检测结果反映出研究区北部以Ⅲ型腐殖型干酪根为主,南部属于Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型干酪根。样品的Ts/(Tm+Ts)比值在0.45~0.53,微量元素中的V/(V+Ni)比值在0.63~0.96,结合五环三萜烷的分布特征认为烃源岩形成于还原环境背景。伽玛蜡烷/αβ-C30藿烷比值在0.12~0.18,表明烃源岩沉积时水体盐度为正常盐度。根据样品中Sr/Ba值在0.23~7.9,B/Ga值在0.88~12.68,变化较大,说明万寿山组在研究区的南部属于半咸水的浅海环境,在研究区的北部属于滨浅海环境。     

徐家围子断陷深层天然天的形成

通过对松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层天然气的地质和地球化学分析,揭示了天然气的成因特征和形成过程。该区天然气的分子组成和同位素组成均显示出较大的变化,甲烷是天敢中的主要组分,质量分数在５７．４％－９８．２％之间,平均为９０．１％,主要非烃气体是ＣＯ２和Ｎ２,平均质量分数分别为４．９％和３．２％,且ＣＯ２质量分数变化范围较大,气体同位素分析结果表明,甲烷同位素显示煤型气特征,而乙烷和丙烷的同位素显示油型 的特征,表明徐家子深部除煤和ＩＩＩ型干酪根作为主要气源外,仍有一定含量趋于生油的ＩＩ型干酪根作为次要气源,实测和计算结果证实天然气主要是有机质在高成熟阶段形成的产物,运移过程中和成藏后的次生变化使天然气的组成和同位素面目变得非常复杂,尤其是由盖层微渗漏造成的蒸发分馏的作用使同位素出现例转,徐家围子断陷深层煤型气的发现为     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘凹陷天然气地球化学特征

哈拉哈塘凹陷位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起中部,具有良好的石油地质条件,是近期油气勘探的重点区带。天然气地球化学特征研究表明,该区天然气干燥系数较低,表现出典型湿气的特征,普遍含有微量的H2S;烷烃气δ13C1和δ13C2值分别为-50.5‰~-42.6‰和-40.2‰~-35.5‰,δD1值介于-262‰~-156‰之间,碳氢同位素系列表现出典型正序特征; C7轻烃组成具有正庚烷优势分布, C5~7轻烃组成以正构和异构烷烃为主。哈拉哈塘凹陷及周缘奥陶系天然气均为海相油型气,既有干酪根裂解气,也有原油裂解气,其中哈拉哈塘天然气中混入了相当比例的原油裂解初期形成的湿气,主要来自于南部阿满过渡带地区的中上奥陶统烃源岩,天然气中具有高δ13C值特征的CO2主要来自碳酸盐岩储层在酸性地层水作用下发生的溶蚀, H2S主要源自含硫化合物的热裂解。其中天然气发生的同位素部分倒转主要源自原油伴生气与原油裂解气的混合。     

徐家围子断陷深层天然气的形成

通过对松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层天然气的地质和地球化学分析 ,揭示了天然气的成因特征和形成过程。该区天然气的分子组成和同位素组成均显示出较大的变化 ,甲烷是天然气中的主要组分 ,质量分数在 57.4 % - 98.2 %之间 ,平均为 90 .1%。主要非烃气体是CO2 和N2 ,平均质量分数分别为 4 .9%和 3.2 % ,且CO2 质量分数变化范围较大。气体同位素分析结果表明 ,甲烷同位素显示煤型气特征 ,而乙烷和丙烷的同位素显示油型气的特征 ,表明徐家围子深部除煤和Ⅲ型干酪根作为主要气源外 ,仍有一定含量趋于生油的Ⅱ型干酪根作为次要气源 ,实测和计算结果证实天然气主要是有机质在高成熟阶段形成的产物。运移过程中和成藏后的次生变化使天然气的组成和同位素面目变得非常复杂 ,尤其是由盖层微渗漏造成的蒸发分馏作用使同位素出现倒转。徐家围子断陷深层煤型气的发现为该区油气勘探展示出了更广阔的前景。     

Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of the western Sichuan Basin, China

Natural gases and associated condensate oils from the Zhongba gas field in the western Sichuan Basin, China were investigated for gas genetic types and origin of H₂S by integrating gaseous and light hydrocarbon geochemistry, formation water compositions, S isotopes (δ³⁴S) and geological data. There are two types of natural gas accumulations in the studied area. Gases from the third member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (T₂l³) are reservoired in a marine carbonate sequence and are characterized by high gas dryness, high H₂S and CO₂ contents, slightly heavy C isotopic values of CH₄ and widely variable C isotopic values of wet gases. They are highly mature thermogenic gases mainly derived from the Permian type II kerogens mixed with a small proportion of the Triassic coal-type gases. Gases from the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T₃x²) are reservoired in continental sandstones and characterized by low gas dryness, free of H₂S, slightly light C isotopic values of CH₄, and heavy and less variable C isotopic values of wet gases. They are coal-type gases derived from coal in the Triassic Xujiahe Formation.The H₂S from the Leikoupo Formation is most likely formed by thermochemical SO₄ reduction (TSR) even though other possibilities cannot be fully ruled out. The proposed TSR origin of H₂S is supported by geochemical compositions and geological interpretations. The reservoir in the Leikoupo Formation is dolomite dominated carbonate that contains gypsum and anhydrite. Petroleum compounds dissolved in water react with aqueous SO₄ species, which are derived from the dissolution of anhydrite. Burial history analysis reveals that from the temperature at which TSR occurred it was in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and TSR ceased due to uplift and cooling thereafter. TSR alteration is incomplete and mainly occurs in wet gas components as indicated by near constant CH₄ δ¹³C values, wide range variations of ethane, propane and butane δ¹³C values, and moderately high gas dryness. The δ³⁴S values in SO₄, elemental S and H₂S fall within the fractionation scope of TSR-derived H₂S. High organo-S compound concentrations together with the occurrence of 2-thiaadamantanes in the T₂l reservoir provide supplementary evidence for TSR related alteration.     

珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡干酪根热演化模拟与生烃

通过密封金管-高压釜体系对珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡恩平组炭质泥岩的干酪根(PY),在24.1 MPa压力、20℃/hr(373.5~526℃)和2℃/h(343~489.2℃)两个升温速率条件下进行热模拟生烃实验,分析气态烃(C1 5)和液态烃(C6 14和C14+)的产率,以及沥青质和残余有机质碳同位素组成。同时与Green River页岩(GR)和Woodford泥岩(WF)的干酪根,分别代表典型的I型和II型干酪根进行对比研究。结果显示PY热演化产物中总油气量明显低于GR和WF干酪根,且气态烃(C1 5)最高产率是液态烃的1.5倍,揭示恩平组炭质泥岩主要以形成气态烃为主。在热演化过程中,有机质成熟度和母质类型是控制油气比的主要因素,气态烃和轻烃的产率比值主要受热演化成熟度的影响。干酪根残余有机质碳同位素和沥青质碳同位素在热演化过程中受有机质成熟度的影响较小,δ13C残余和δ13C沥青质可以间接反映原始母质的特征,为高演化烃源岩油气生成提供依据。     

Geochemistry of natural gases in deep strata of the Songliao Basin, NE China

Chemical composition and stable carbon isotopic studies were undertaken for 27 gas samples from deep strata of the Xujiaweizi Depression in the Songliao Basin to investigate their origin. Gas molecular and carbon isotopic compositions show great variety. Methane is the main component for all studied samples and its content ranges from 57.4% to 98.2% with an average of 90.1%. Gas wetness ranges from 0.8% to 16.7% with an average of 2.7%. The main non-hydrocarbon gases are carbon dioxide and nitrogen with an average of 4.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Carbon isotope data suggest that these deep strata gases are mainly coal-type gases mixed with minor amounts of associated (oil-type) gases. Coal-type gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopic values and drier chemical compositions. These gases were generated from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation coals interbedded shales with type III kerogen during the postmature stage of hydrocarbon generation. Oil-type gases are characterized by lighter carbon isotope and higher wetness, which were generated from the Lower Cretaceous shales with type II kerogen in the shallow strata during the early mature stage of hydrocarbon generation. Mixing of two different gases causes unusual carbon isotopic distribution patterns, with lighter isotopic values in higher numbered carbons in most gases. The discovery of coal-type gases in the Songliao Basin provides new prospects for the exploration in this region.     

松辽盆地庆深气田天然气成因类型鉴别

通过对松辽盆地徐家围子烃源岩和原油热模拟实验、烷烃气碳同位素组成分析, 认为在高演化阶段单一热力作用可以引起重烃气(δ13C₂ > δ13C₃ > δ13C₄) 碳同位素组成倒转, 但CH₄与C₂H₆(δ13C₁ > δ13C₂) 却很难发生倒转.庆深气田天然气重甲烷碳同位素组成、烷烃气碳同位素完全倒转、高稀有气体同位素组成(R/Ra > 1.0), 说明该气田天然气来源具有多样性.利用R/Ra与CO₂/3He和R/Ra与CH₄/3He关系对庆深气田天然气成因类型进行识别, 认为该气田烷烃气中甲烷有部分为无机成因, 重烃气则为有机成因.该地区高地温梯度导致有机成因重烃气碳同位素组成发生倒转, 而CH₄与C₂H₆碳同位素组成倒转主要与重碳同位素的无机甲烷混入有关.      

羌塘盆地二叠系白云岩油苗地球化学特征及意义

通过采集羌塘盆地中央隆起带二叠系展金组白云岩油苗及烃源岩样品,对其族组成、饱和烃、芳烃色谱-质谱以及单体碳同位素进行了研究,并进行了油源对比。研究结果表明:白云岩油苗中饱和烃含量最高,其次为非烃,芳烃和沥青质含量较低,饱芳比大于1;白云岩油苗的正构烷烃主要为前高单峰型分布特征,碳数分布范围nC₁₅~nC₃₆,主峰碳为nC₁₇~nC₂₀,nC_21-/nC₂₂₊值为1.0~4.56,C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉规则甾烷表现为不规则的“V”型的分布并且C₂₉甾烷占优势,升藿烷从C₃₁~C₃₅均有检出,显示出白云岩油苗的生烃母质主要来源于藻类和细菌等低等水生生物;白云岩油苗的Pr/Ph值为0.91~1.30,伽马蜡烷指数值为0.42~0.88,三芴系列化合物中以硫芴含量最高（平均67.39%）而氧芴含量（平均7.89%）较低,4-MDBT/DBT比值为0.97~4.26,（2+3）-MDBT/DBT 值为0.37~1. 62,表明白云岩油苗生烃母质为形成于具有一定盐度还原环境为的海相页岩;白云岩油苗的OEP值接近平衡值1,甾萜烷异构参数C₂₉ααα20S/ααα（20S+20R）、C₂₉αββ/（ααα+αββ）和C₃₁22S/（22S+22R）等接近或达到平衡值,芳烃标志物成熟度参数MPI₁、F₁和4,6/1,4-DMDBT计算出的等效镜质体反射率表明白云岩油苗为成熟原油。白云岩油苗的生物标志物和展金组泥岩具有较好对比性,反映了白云岩油苗主要来源于展金组烃源岩;其单体碳同位素与二叠系展金组烃源岩分布形式和变化趋势基本相似,但也有一定的差异,反映了其具有混合来源的特点。     

川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青地球化学特征及其气源指示意义

运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学、催化加氢热解、GC—IRMS等方法和技术,深入研究了川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青及可能烃源岩的地球化学特征。研究认为,飞仙关组储层固体沥青反射率高,双反射明显,为非均质结构储层焦沥青;在碳酸盐岩储层的各种孔隙中,呈脉状、球粒状、角片状或块状等他形充填,具有中间相结构和镶嵌状结构特征,反映其高温热变质成因;元素组成有S/C高、H/C低的特点,其固体碳同位素组成与长兴组烃源岩干酪根相似。储层固体沥青的可能烃源岩发育于还原—弱氧化咸水沉积环境,有机质来源于水生藻类;氯仿沥青“A”饱和烃甾萜类生物标志物对比表明,上二叠长兴组烃源岩是主要来源,飞仙关组、下志留统烃源岩亦有贡献;催化加氢产物饱和烃及其正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成显示,坡2井飞仙关组储层固体沥青与罐5井飞仙关组烃源岩具有明显的亲缘关系,这也可作为飞仙关组海槽相烃源岩对飞仙关组气藏有贡献的佐证。     

硫酸侵蚀碳酸盐岩对长江河水DIC循环的影响

对长江及其主要支流河水水化学和溶解无机碳（DIC）同位素组成（δ13GDIC）进行了研究。河水阳离子组成以Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋为主,阴离子以HCO3-、SO4^2-为主,水化学组成主要受流域碳酸盐岩矿物的化学侵蚀控制。DIC含量为0．3～2．5mmol／L,从上游到河口逐渐降低。δ13CDIC值为-12．0‰-3．4‰,与DIC含量具有相似的变化趋势。H2CO3溶解碳酸盐岩是控制河水DIC来源及其占δGDIC组成的主要机制。H2SO4溶解碳酸盐岩加剧了流域碳酸盐岩的化学侵蚀,一方面导致了河水的DIC含量增加,另一方面也使河水的δ13GDIC值升高。