精密单点定位在线GNSS数据处理精度比较分析

利用自动精密定位服务（APPS）、GPS分析定位服务（GAPS）、加拿大空间参考系统（CSRS）以及magicGNSS四个在线精密单点定位（PPP）网络数据处理软件,分别采用静态、静态模拟动态方式处理了若干国际GPS服务（IGS）跟踪站的观测数据,比较分析了四个在线PPP定位服务的数据处理能力及其精度。结果表明：不同的PPP在线定位服务的定位精度及其稳健性有所差异,但基本上都能够满足静态mm-cm级,动态1～2dm的定位精度。     

4种在线PPP服务系统定位精度分析

系统比较了APPS、CSRS-PPP、GAPS、magicGNSS 4种在线PPP服务系统的特性,在此基础上,利用全球分布的5个IGS站,分析了这4种在线PPP服务系统在定位精度、收敛时间、对流层延迟精度3个方面的解算性能。试验结果表明,4种在线PPP服务系统解算的单天站坐标的精度都可达毫米级,其中APPS和CSRS-PPP解算的坐标精度略高于另外两种服务解算的精度。PPP定位坐标在1 h内可收敛至厘米级,在1.5 h时定位精度在0.05 m内。另外,4种在线PPP服务系统解算的对流层天顶延迟ZTD与IGS发布的ZTD也具有较高的一致性。     

多GNSS系统精密单点定位软件的开发

当前,全球已步入多GNSS系统融合时代,基于多GNSS系统的PPP测量较单一GPS系统具有更高的定位精度和更强的可靠性。针对多GNSS系统融合PPP数据处理问题,该文采用Matlab平台开发了多GNSS系统PPP解算软件,该软件能够对GPS、BDS、Galileo和QZSS系统进行单一系统或多系统融合PPP解算,并利用MGEX数据网的观测数据与产品对开发的软件进行了测试,实验结果与其他机构公布的定位结果精度相当,表明编制的软件达到了开发要求。该软件具有程序开发环境好、使用方便、兼容QZSS系统等优点。     

四川省BDS PPP可行性及精度分析

随着北斗系统(BDS)为亚太地区提供服务,我国北斗系统双频精密单点定位(PPP)的可行性与定位精度有待研究,为此本文首先探究了BDS双频无电离层组合PPP算法及卡尔曼滤波参数估计策略,并在此基础上开发相应数据处理软件,对四川连续运行参考站的BDS观测数据进行处理分析,结果表明BDS可以在四川省实现PPP,其平面精度5cm以内,高程精度10cm以内,定位精度目前不及GPS PPP。     

网络RTK与PPP定位模型研究及试验分析

针对当前GPS定位技术的两大研究热点,系统地介绍网络RTK技术和精密单点定位(PPP)技术的定位原理、关键技术及其数学模型.基于某GPS连续运行参考站网络进行定位试验,分别采用自主研发的网络RTK定位软件和国外商用PPP软件对实测静态数据进行计算处理,通过对两种定位模式下的定位精度进行全面的比较分析,得出几点结论.     

基于GrafNav/Net软件的PPP、PPK技术应用研究

针对传统航测成图作业方式没有充分地利用PPP、PPK技术进行作业生产的问题,采用了实际算例对不同技术方法、不同的观测数据用GrafNav软件对PPP、PPK技术进行了解算和验证分析,有力地证明了PPP、PPK技术在GrafNav软件应用中的优越性,且又通过在航测成图中的应用分析,提出了适合实地情况的作业方式.研究结果为航测成图缩短工期、提高工作效率提供了新的作业方法和精度参考指标.     

基于精密单点定位技术的远程GPS验潮

精密单点定位(PPP)技术应用于远程海水验潮,可有效弥补传统验潮方法受距离限制等缺点。本文将单天的IGS观测数据基于Bernese软件进行了单历元PPP解算,探讨了PPP应用于海水验潮的有效性。并采用门限滤波方法提取潮汐信息,通过分析模拟潮位数据及西沙实测数据的内符合精度证明,PPP验潮能够达到厘米级的精度。     

RTKLIB后处理模块定位精度分析及可用性探讨

利用4个IGS参考站的观测数据,分析了RTKPOST的静态单基线、动态单基线、静态PPP、动态PPP的定位精度。结果表明,静态单基线解算和静态PPP的定位精度基本上能够达到现有相关软件的同等水平。动态单基线解算和动态PPP总体上能够达到cm级的定位精度,但存在滤波发散的问题,需要对算法进一步优化。此外,RTKPOST易于掌握和进行二次开发,可以在实际的测绘生产中根据不同的定位精度要求有选择地使用。     

BDS/GPS精密单点定位收敛时间与定位精度的比较

采用武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心发布的北斗精密卫星轨道和钟差,在TriP 2.0软件的基础上实现了BDS PPP定位算法,并利用大量实测数据进行了BDS/GPS静态PPP和动态PPP浮点解试验。结果表明,BDS静态PPP的收敛时间约为80min,动态PPP的收敛时间为100min;对于3h的观测数据,静态PPP收敛后定位精度优于5cm,动态PPP收敛后水平方向优于8cm,高程方向约12cm;与GPS PPP类似,东分量上定位精度较北分量稍差。当前由于BDS的全球跟踪站有限,精密轨道和钟差精度不如GPS,因此BDS PPP的收敛时间较GPS长,但收敛后可实现厘米至分米级的绝对定位。     

三种在线GPS精密单点定位软件的精度比较

利用APPS-PPP、CSRS-PPP和GAPS-PPP三种在线GPS精密单点定位（PPP）软件处理了不同纬度地区以及太阳耀斑爆发生期间的IGS跟踪站数据。通过对处理结果的精度分析可知：三种处理软件单天解在E、N、U三个方向上的精度均优于3.5cm,且三个坐标分量上的互差不超过1.5cm;在太阳耀斑发生期间的定位精度没有明显降低。     

Online GPS processing services: an initial study

There are a number of online Global Positioning System (GPS) processing services that provide GPS processing results to the user free of charge and with unlimited access. These services provide solutions for a user-submitted Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) file based on differential methods using reference stations or precise point positioning using precise GPS orbit and clock data. Different data sets varying in time and location were submitted to the online services and their results compared. Although the quality of results depends on many factors, in most cases the users can expect reliable online processing results for a 10-h data set made by a geodetic dual frequency receiver anywhere in the world.     

Semantic and syntactic interoperability in online processing of big Earth observation data

ABSTRACT

The challenge of enabling syntactic and semantic interoperability for comprehensive and reproducible online processing of big Earth observation (EO) data is still unsolved. Supporting both types of interoperability is one of the requirements to efficiently extract valuable information from the large amount of available multi-temporal gridded data sets. The proposed system wraps world models, (semantic interoperability) into OGC Web Processing Services (syntactic interoperability) for semantic online analyses. World models describe spatio-temporal entities and their relationships in a formal way. The proposed system serves as enabler for (1) technical interoperability using a standardised interface to be used by all types of clients and (2) allowing experts from different domains to develop complex analyses together as collaborative effort. Users are connecting the world models online to the data, which are maintained in a centralised storage as 3D spatio-temporal data cubes. It allows also non-experts to extract valuable information from EO data because data management, low-level interactions or specific software issues can be ignored. We discuss the concept of the proposed system, provide a technical implementation example and describe three use cases for extracting changes from EO images and demonstrate the usability also for non-EO, gridded, multi-temporal data sets (CORINE land cover).     

浅谈JX-4C DPW与VirtuoZo在立体测图中的优缺点对比

主要介绍JX-4C DPW微机数字摄影测量工作站与VirtuoZo全数字摄影测量系统这两款测绘软件在立体测图方面各自的特点以及在实际生产当中各自的优势与缺陷。同时介绍了这两款软件与MicroStation进行联机测图的应用方法。     

Web-based resources on software GPS receivers

This column provides the Web-based GPS resources and their technical background information. Its purpose is to inform the reader about the data, software, electronic documents that are available online. This column is coordinated by Dr. Jinling Wang, The University of New South Wales, Sydney. Comments and suggestions are appreciated (jinling.wang@unsw.edu.au). In this issue’s column, Mr. Ravindra Babu introduces the online resources on software GPS receivers.     

A new method to mitigate multipath error in single-frequency GPS receiver with wavelet transform

One of the major errors in high-precision GPS positioning is multipath. Multipath effect modeling and reduction have been a challenging issue in high-accuracy GPS positioning applications due to its special properties. Different methods have been employed to mitigate this error including hardware and software approaches. We reduce C/A code multipath error by adopting an efficient software method which uses wavelet transform as a basic data processing trend. The key idea of the proposed method is using stationary wavelet transform (SWT) in GPS signal data processing. Since we have used SWT, there is complete access to high-frequency and low-frequency terms in both time and frequency domains, and we can apply appropriated procedures to mitigate this error. The multipath error mostly is a low-frequency term. In our proposed method, the double difference (DD) residuals are applied to the SWT to identify the multipath disturbance. The extracted multipath is then used to correct DD observations. Our experiments include three data sets to investigate the proposed method and compare it with existing algorithms. We used simulations for two of these data sets. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method over existing algorithms.     

Remote Sensing Image On‐Demand Computing Schema for the China ZY‐3 Satellite Private Cloud‐Computing Platform

Time is a crucial factor for many remote sensing applications such as emergency response. The traditional approach requires users to spend a lot of time downloading, processing, and viewing satellite images with specialized software. Realizing interactive real‐time processing and visualization of satellite images online is our focus. This article presents an On‐Demand computing schema for remote sensing images. A processing chain model is proposed for satellite images on a private cloud computing platform designed for the China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application (CCRSDA). The architecture, processing flow, optimization method, fault tolerance, and user interface are described in detail. To test the efficiency and scalability of the platform, 11 processing chains were created and three load balance experiments were executed. The results from these experiments show the validity of the proposed methods and architecture.     

数字摄影测量系统与联机测图软件通用接口的开发

通过开发实例介绍了两种数字摄影测量系统(DPS)与测图软件的联机测图的实现过程,经对比分析提出DPS与行业测图软件之间进行联机测图通用方法。     

基于Geoway组合软件的地理国情普查地表分类信息提取方法研究

通过对基于Geoway组合软件的两套方案开展地理国情普查地表分类信息提取方法试验,对比两套方案的适用性,研究地表分类信息的关键技术,总结应用软件在地表分类信息提取的方法和步骤,为后续开展地理国情监测中的地表覆盖分类信息提取提供技术参考。     

Web-enabled spatial decision analysis using Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA)

 This paper presents a spatial decision support tool that implements the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method. OWA is a family of multicriteria evaluation operators characterised by two sets of weights: criterion importance weights and order weights. We propose a highly interactive way of choosing, modifying, and fine-tuning the decision strategy defined by the order weights. This exploratory approach to OWA is supported by a graphical representation of the operator's behaviour in terms of decision risk and tradeoff/dispersion between criteria. Our prototype implementation is based on the CommonGIS software, and thus, Web-enabled and working with vector data. We successfully demonstrate online, exploratory support of spatial decision strategies using a data set of skiing resorts in Wallis, Switzerland. Received: 24 September 2002 / Accepted: 10 January 2003     

An analysis of carrier phase differential kinematic GPS positioning using DynaPos

A series of activities have been carried out at the University of New Brunswick in an effort to evaluate advances in long-range marine kinematic differential positioning. These activities involved processing and analysis of GPS carrier phase kinematic data sets. Some of the data was collected by UNB and some was provided by The XYZs of GPS Inc. Data were collected using Trimble 5700 and Ashtech Z-12 receivers. The data sets were processed using the software DynaPos provided by the The XYZs of GPS Inc. The best results obtained in our analysis indicate an agreement of 5 cm RMS for the horizontal component and 12 cm RMS for the vertical component between two ionospheric-delay free solutions, in baselines varying from 40 to 100 km.