赣中周潭群变质脉体的微量元素及氧同位素地球化学研究

笔者等对周潭群沉积变质岩及其中脉体的微量元素、氧同位素地球化学进行了研究,结果表明,变质石英脉继承了其围岩的稀土元素及氧同位素地球化学特征,表明形成石英脉的流体来源于围岩;脉体的微量元素对Zr-Hf、U-Th、Nb-Ta和Y-Ho与变质岩有一定的差异,且有一定的分异,指示脉体是流体作用的产物。变质流体通过侧向扩散作用形成了周潭群变沉积岩中的变质脉体。     

变质过程中的流体运移和稀土元素活动--庐山星子群变质脉体的微量元素地球化学

对庐山栖贤寺和黄岩寺两地星子群沉积变质岩及其中脉体的微量元素地球化学进行了研究。结果显示,栖贤寺变质石英脉继承了其围岩（变粒岩）的稀土元素地球化学特征,表明形成石英脉的流体来源于围岩;而黄岩寺以长英质脉为主的变质脉体与其围岩（主要是片岩）的稀土元素特征有较大的差异,显示了原岩组成对变质流体组成、性质及由流体导致的稀土元素活动性特点有明显的制约。此外,两地脉体的微量元素对Ｚｒ－Ｈｆ和Ｕ－Ｔｈ均与变质     

CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉微量元素和稀土元素地球化学

利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定了CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉及东海水晶的微量元素和稀土元素组成,结果显示其中微量元素总体含量很低,Bb/Sr、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf变化很大,说明Rb和Sr、Nb和Ta、Zr和Hf之间发生了不同程度的分异,但变质岩未曾发生过广泛强烈的水岩反应.部分样品中Rb和Cs含量特别低,显示CCSD中部分石英脉可能曾经历过超高压变质过程.CCSD石英脉和东海水晶均具有LREE富集而HREE明显亏损的特征,显示其来源主要为壳源.CCSD石英脉中正负Ce异常同时出现,显示板块俯冲前,超高压变质岩的原岩曾在地表较氧化的环境下经历过强烈的风化作用.对比研究显示,CCSD不同围岩中石英脉、地表石英脉和东海水晶的微量元素N-MORB标准化模式和BEE球粒陨石标准化配分曲线,与其各自围岩具有一定的对应相似关系,表明大多数石英脉(水晶)来自于围岩,同时显示板块俯冲和折返所释放的流体活动范围较小,没有发生大规模的迁移.     

REE geochemistry of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province,Southeast China

Detailed REE and trace elements geochemical studies of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province, China, and rock-forming minerals such as garnet were conducted and the results showed that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and the host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REEs compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, Y-Ho, Pb-Nd and U-Th have also experienced a certain degree of fractionation with respect to the metasedimentary rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators to some extent for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Zhoutan Group.     

北京怀柔崎峰茶-得田沟金矿田稀土元素地球化学特征

崎峰茶-得田沟金矿田位于华北地块东北部,是华北地块北缘巨型EW向金矿带的组成部分。本文研究了该矿田各类岩石的稀土元素特征。通过与含金石英脉和金属硫化物的对比分析,探讨了它们与成矿的关系。结果显示,金属硫化物、含金石英脉及蚀变岩石的稀土元素特征很相似,它们与矿田内的燕山期正长斑岩脉和花岗岩(脉)具有很大相似性,从而确定了它们之间的成因联系,为找矿预测提供了依据。      

新疆富蕴县乔夏哈拉铜(铁)金矿床地质与微量元素地球化学

笔者简单介绍了乔夏哈拉铜(铁)金矿床的基本成矿及其微量元素地球化学特征,指出其主矿体具有“垂向分带”及“铜、金向下同步富集”的特点,认为其容矿火山岩与中基性侵入岩脉具有基本相似的微量元素地球化学行为,铜、金矿石同其容矿火山岩相比具有相对贫K、Rb、Th、Ba,相对富W、Ni、Co、As、Sb、Zn及明显偏低的Th／Ta、La／Yb值。研究稀土元素地球化学,发现铜、金矿石具有明显不同于其容矿火山岩的强Eu富集,后期形成的地质体一般具有相对更为偏低的∑REE值。综合分析表明,该铜(铁)金矿床为一与“层状夕卡岩”有关的火山热液型“层控”矿床。     

赣中周潭群变质沉积岩的微量元素地球化学研究

对赣中周潭群变质沉积岩及其石榴子石等造岩矿物的稀土元素地球化学进行了详细研究.结果表明:造岩矿物只携载了岩石中少部分稀土元素,而大部分稀土元素赋存在副矿物的晶格中;变质过程中稀土元素在石榴子石变斑晶与岩石间达到了分配平衡,石榴子石/岩石间的稀土元素分配明显受体系化学组成所制约;变质岩脉及其矿物的稀土元素组成显示清楚的四重效应,其Zr-Hf,U-Th和Y-Ho等元素对也与变质岩发生了一定程度的分异,它们可作为周潭群在变质过程中流体作用存在的判别标志.     

江西大背坞金矿床地球化学研究

江西大背坞金矿床地球化学研究刘建民王平安董法先陈柏林（中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京１０００８１）关键词地球化学金矿床大背坞江西１矿床地质特征及矿区地球化学场大背坞金矿床位于江西省浮梁县，属含金石英脉型高中温岩浆热液矿床。矿区地层为中元古代双桥山...     

煤系高岭岩的地球化学判别标志

本文主要研究了煤系高岭岩的微量、稀土、氧同位素地球化学特征。根据高岭岩产出层序、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学特征的研究，将煤系高岭岩分为两类：（１）铝土质高岭岩，微量元素含量、稀土总量，氧同位素值高，稀土配分模式与典型北美页岩相似，Ｅｕ负异常，反映其源岩为风化壳化学风化作用产物。（２）夹矸高岭岩，微量元素含量，稀土总量，氧同位素值低，稀土配分模式部分与典型北美页岩相似，反映其源岩与铝土质高岭岩类似；部     

贵州锦屏新元古界下江群元素地球化学特征及其与金矿的关系

在黔东南出露的一套新元古界下江群浅变质碎屑岩中产出众多石英脉型金矿床(点),有关该类矿床的成因问题,特别是金的物质来源一直是研究的热点,因此下江群地层岩石的含金性以及元素地球化学特征也倍受关注。本文对贵州锦屏地区新元古界下江群浅变质岩及典型矿床的微量及稀土元素进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现:下江群剖面的每个组均富集As、Ba、Zr、Ti;亏损Cr、Rb、Sr、Ta、Sc等元素,从番召组到平略组,元素组合演化呈明显相似性和继承性。含凝灰质多的番召组和清水江组地层中金含量较高,并且含金高的层位稀土含量较低,地层中Au与壳源特征的Ag、Hg、As等低温元素关系最为密切,该区金的迁移、富集可能与地层的热液活动或区域变质作用有密切的关系。围岩、地层岩石与矿石的微量元素特征及REE组成模式体现了地球化学演化上的一致性及继承性,表明该区金矿成矿物质可能主要来自于地层,而平秋金矿部分含金石英脉矿石表现出与围岩地层不同的地球化学特征,其更接近下地壳或上地幔,说明可能有部分深部流体参与成矿。     

俯冲带流体作用的地球化学示踪

俯冲带流体包括俯冲带岩石脱水形成的水流体和熔融作用产生的熔体。俯冲带流体循环及伴随的化学作用是壳幔演化和物质交换的重要机制。岛弧火山岩地球化学研究可以示踪流体的性质、成分。造山带变质岩内高压脉是俯冲带流体活动的直接记录。通过高压脉及其主岩地球化学研究 ,可以示踪流体成分和来源。俯冲带水流体成分与流体释放深度有关 ,俯冲带深处 ( >5 0km)形成的水流体内溶质相当可观。水流体流动方式有大规模沟道式和小规模弥散式 ,与其相应的流体来源分别为外来的和内部的。俯冲带流体组分、流动方式、物质交换机制与俯冲带深度、热状态、物质结构的定量关系 ,以及矿物 /水流体间元素分配系数的高压实验可能将是俯冲带流体今后研究的重要课题。中国西天山高压变质带榴辉岩及蓝片岩中广泛发育高压脉 ,根据脉的矿物组合 ,高压脉可分成 4种类型。高压脉氧同位素研究表明 ,脉体与流体间氧同位素交换宏观与局部平衡 ,流体活动为大规模的 ;流体活动方式既有沟道式 ,又有渗透式 ;流体的δ18O值为 + 10 .8‰左右 ,流体来源于主岩经过海水低温蚀变的大洋玄武岩。西天山广泛发育的高压脉 (尤其是蓝片岩中的高压脉的发现目前在世界范围尚属首例 ) ,是研究古俯冲带流体作用良好的野外天然实验室。     

工准噶尔库布苏金矿床岩脉与金矿成因关系的研究

库布苏金矿床的三个金矿带均产于闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩内。为了研究这些岩脉与金矿的成因关系,测定了含金石英脉中英流体包裹体均一温度、成分、盐度和Ｈ２Ｏ的氢氧同位素,分析了含英脉和相关脉岩及围岩的稀土元素及微量元素,发现石英流体包裹体属有较高的均一温度、低盐度、富ＣＯ２的还原性流体,其阳离子组合为Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋或Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋,阴离子组合属Ｃｌ＾１〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉Ｆ＾－型,     

湖南沃溪金锑钨矿床稀土元素特征研究

对湖南活溪金锑钨矿床稀土元素特征的研究结果表明：在成矿过程中,稀土元素发生了从近矿围岩向含矿断裂带或成矿热液的迁移;成矿物质主要来自赋矿地层围岩,且具多源性;矿化程度不同的层脉石英矿石中的稀土总量具有明显的差异。同时指出了将热液金矿床中石英脉内稀土总含量作为找矿标志的可能性。     

Newly developed evidence for the original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt

This paper re-describes the characteristics of pre-Ordovician (Pt3) metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Huimin-Manlai region of Yunnan Province from the aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, lead isotopes and geotectonic setting. The metamorphic volcanic rocks maintain blasto-intergranular and blasto-andesitic textures; the volcanic rocks are characterized by a basalt-andesite-dacite assemblage; the volcanic rocks are basic-intermediate-intermediate-acid in chemical composition, belonging to semi-alkaline rocks, with calc-alkaline series and tholeiite series coexisting, and they are characterized by low TiO2 contents; their REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment right-inclined type; the volcanic rocks are enriched in large cation elements and commonly enriched in Th and partly depleted in Ti, Cr and P, belonging to the Gondwana type as viewed from their Pb isotopic composition; petrochemically the data points fall mostly within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks. All these characteristics provided new evidence for the existence of original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the region studied.     

浙江龙泉地区变质基性岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

浙西南龙泉地区集中出露一套中深变质岩系,是华夏地块的重要组成部分,对其形成时代和成岩构造属性等问题历来存在争议。本文通过对龙泉变质岩中变质基性岩的地球化学研究,认为这些岩石的原岩成岩环境至少有两类:Ⅰ类岩石稀土配分曲线、微量元素蛛网图特征均显示与IAB的相似性,微量元素比值和图解判别均指示这套岩石形成于与俯冲有关的岛弧构造环境;Ⅱ类岩石稀土配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图均与OIB有相似性,微量元素比值和图解判别也指示这套岩石形成于与俯冲无关的OIB构造环境。多种不同构造属性的岩石共生,佐证了原龙泉岩群变质岩系为一形成于早古生代的俯冲增生杂岩。变质基性岩锆石U-Pb测年获得其峰期变质时间为404～402Ma。龙泉俯冲增生杂岩的厘定对重新认识丽水-余姚断裂带构造属性、区域构造格架的建立以及进一步分析华夏造山系物质组成与结构提供了新资料。     

世界首例独立碲矿床赋矿围岩的地质地球化学研究

大水沟独立碲矿床的直接赋矿围岩为低绿片岩相变质岩。前人认为其原岩为陆源碎屑岩。通过对该赋矿岩系的地质特征（包括岩相学特征与副矿物组合标型特征）、岩石化学特征、硅同位素地球化学特征和稀土元素地球化学特征（包括元素钪的地球化学特征）的研究，证明其原岩为分异程度较低的幔源拉斑玄武岩，并具有典型岩浆玄武岩的演化趋势。     

钨锡矿床萤石的演化及稀土元素地球化学

本文对黄沙和珊瑚钨锡矿床的萤石进行了系统研究,随着成矿作用由早至晚成矿温度的逐渐降低,不同矿化阶段矿脉内和同一矿脉不同世代的萤石,其晶形和物理性质都具有相同的演化规律。产在硅铝质岩石中的充填型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式与成矿母岩的相似,可以用来表征矿床的分带性和预测成矿母岩(花岗岩类)的成因类型;产于富含钙质围岩中的充填-交代型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式不能表征成矿母岩的成因类型,但可以反映相应的成矿环境。     

Monazite chemical composition: some implications for monazite geochronology

An investigation of the chemical composition of monazite from a number of localities has been carried out. Samples used include monazites from metamorphic rocks, granitic rocks and a hydrothermal ore deposit. The REE distribution pattern of monazite varies greatly in accordance with its geological environment. A remarkable feature of the monazites studied is that their chondrite-normalised REE distribution patterns are mostly uniform between grains within the same sample, but differ significantly from sample to sample. This characteristic apparently indicates that there is an important effect on the REE distribution of monazite exerted by the host rock or source material from which monazite crystallised. Another important feature shown by the monazites studied is that monazites in rocks containing garnet as a major mineral show extreme depletion of HREE, whereas monazites in rocks without garnet or monazite that formed after the garnet breakdown contain significantly higher amounts of Y and HREE. This suggests that the phase assemblage, especially garnet, plays an important role in the REE distribution of monazites in these rocks. The value of REE distribution in monazite is exemplified with regard to the origin of monazite in the Lewisian metamorphic rocks, which is a fundamental issue in monazite geochronology. Received: 17 March 1999 / Accepted: 16 July 1999     

Partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust during exhumation: insights from felsic veins and host UHP metamorphic rocks in North Qaidam,northern Tibet

A combined petrological, geochronological and geochemical study was carried out on felsic veins and their host rocks from the North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane in northern Tibet. The results provide insights into partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust during exhumation. Partial melting is petrograpically recognized in metagranite, metapelite and metabasite. Migmatized gneisses, including metagranite and metapelite, contain microstructures such as granitic aggregates with varying outlines, small dihedral angles at mineral junctions and feldspar with magmatic habits, indicating the former presence of felsic melts. Partial melts were also present in metabasite that occurs as retrograde eclogite. Felsic veins in both the eclogites and gneisses exhibit typical melt crystalline textures such as large euhedral feldspar grains with straight crystal faces, indicating vein crystallization from anatectic melts. The Sr–Nd isotope compositions of felsic veins inside gneisses suggest melt derivation from anatexis of host gneisses themselves, but those inside metabasites suggest melt derivation from hybrid sources. Felsic veins inside gneisses exhibit lithochemical compositions similar to experimental melts on the An–Ab–Or diagram. In trace element distribution diagrams, they exhibit parallel patterns to their host rocks, but with lower element contents and slightly positive Eu and Sr anomalies. The geochemistry of these felsic veins is controlled by minerals that would decompose and survive, respectively, during anatexis. Felsic veins inside metabasites are rich either in quartz or in plagioclase with low normative orthoclase. In either case, they have low trace element contents, with significantly positive Eu and Sr anomalies in plagioclase‐rich veins. Combined with cumulate structures in some veins, these felsic veins are interpreted to crystallize from anatectic melts of different origins with the effect of crystal fractionation. Nevertheless, felsic veins in different lithologies exhibit roughly consistent patterns of trace element distribution, with variable enrichment of LILE and LREE but depletion of HFSE and HREE. There are also higher contents of trace elements in veins hosted by gneisses than veins hosted by metabasites. Anatectic zircon domains from felsic veins and migmatized gneisses exhibit consistent U–Pb ages of c. 420 Ma, significantly younger than the peak UHP eclogite facies metamorphic event at c. 450–435 Ma. Combining the petrological observations with local P–T paths and experimentally constrained melting curves, it is inferred that anatexis of UHP gneisses was caused by muscovite breakdown while anatexis of UHP metabasites was caused by fluid influx. These UHP metagranite, metapelite and metabasite underwent simultaneous anatexis during the exhumation, giving rise to anatectic melts with different compositions in various elements but similar patterns in trace element distribution.     

Rare earth elements in granitic rocks

The younger granites in Finland contain more REE than the older ones. In the youngest, postorogenic rapakivi granites, the total REE concentration is highest, the light REE are more enriched, and the negative Eu anomaly is more pronounced than in the older granites. The enrichment of the light REE, the anomalous behavior of the extreme elements (La, Ce, and Lu) in normalized graphs, and the depletion of Eu indicate the degree of differentiation the rock has undergone. These features are usually more pronounced in large, homogeneous granites than in metamorphic or volcanogenic rocks. Silicic vein rocks usually contain less REE than the granites proper; the distribution pattern in many is as in granites, but in some the heavy elements are more enriched. The positive Eu anomaly in Precambrian metamorphic rocks is tentatively attributed to metamorphic differentiation and to the secretion of silicic material from the host rock.