西藏冈底斯带叶巴组火山岩地球化学及成因

叶巴组早侏罗世双峰式火山岩分布在拉萨、达孜至墨竹工卡之间, 岩性为浅变质玄武岩、玄武质熔结凝灰岩、英安岩、酸性凝灰岩及火山角砾岩等.火山岩SiO₂含量集中在41%~50.4%和64%~69%两个区间, 为钙碱性系列的玄武岩和英安岩2类.玄武岩的显著特征是TiO₂含量极低, 仅为0.66%~1.01%, 远低于大陆拉斑玄武岩.玄武岩的稀土总量∑REE=60.3~135μg/g, 英安岩的稀土总量∑REE=126.4~167.9μg/g.玄武岩和英安岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素特征, 两者均为轻稀土富集型, 分布特征相似, 轻、重稀土的分馏较明显, Eu异常均不显著; 均表现为LILE、LREE富集, HFS、HREE亏损的特点.玄武岩亏损Ti、Ta、Nb、Zr, Nb和Ta仅略负亏损, Nb*=0.54~1.17, 平均为0.84;英安岩亏损HFS中P、Ti, Ta、Nb略负异常, Nb*=0.74~1.06, 平均为0.86.玄武岩类的ε_Nd(t) =0.96~10.03、(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7043~0.7064, 英安岩的ε_Nd(t) =-1.42~1.08、(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7038~0.7049.从微量元素和同位素成分看, 玄武岩和英安岩浆起源于俯冲带之上的地幔楔不同程度的部分熔融, 源岩可能是亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.源区曾受到具地壳成分特征的流体不均匀交代.后期变质作用对岩石大离子亲石元素含量有影响.叶巴组双峰式火山岩形成于成熟岛弧后期的短暂拉张环境, 是印支期冈底斯岩浆弧演化的结果.      

Geochemistry of the Yandal belt metavolcanic rocks,Eastern Goldfields Province,Western Australia

Archaean felsic metavolcanic rocks occur throughout the Yandal belt in the north of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia where they are most abundant in the higher parts of the stratigraphy. With the exception of the Spring Well Sequence at the southern end of the belt, these rocks are typically dacites showing geochemical affinities with Archaean high‐Al trondhjemite‐tonalite‐dacite (TTD) suites. They have high Sr, Al₂O₃, and (La/Yb)_N; low Y, Nb, Zr and heavy rare‐earth elements (HREE); and lack a significant Eu anomaly. In contrast, broadly coeval mafic volcanic rocks have flat REE patterns and trace‐element compositions more typical of modern backarc basin basalts. The Spring Well Sequence is readily distinguished lithologically and geochemically from the remainder of the Yandal belt. Spring Well basaltic andesites are geochemically similar to modern calc‐alkaline arc magmas, i.e. negative Nb–Ta anomalies and enrichment of both large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare‐earth elements (LREE). Andesites and rhyolites, both abundant in the Spring Well Sequence, have elevated LILE relative to high field strength elements, and moderate to strong negative Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti anomalies. Rhyolites have low Sr/Y and relatively flat REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N = 4.2–5.0). The chemistry and lithostratigraphic associations of the Yandal belt, with the exception of the Spring Well area, suggest a similarity with the Kalgoorlie Terrane, which is supported by published geochronological data. In contrast, the abundance of rhyolite, distinctive calc‐alkaline chemistry and ca2690 Ma age of the Spring Well Sequence suggests a possible association with ca2692 Ma bimodal calc‐alkaline arc‐rift sequence at Teutonic Bore and similar rocks at Melita and Jeedamya, 150 km south of Spring Well. The abundance of TTD dacite and tholeiitic basalt throughout the Yandal belt suggests magma generation from both decompression partial melting of mantle peridotite to produce backarc tholeiitic magma, and partial melting of subducted oceanic lithosphere to produce high‐Al dacite‐tonalite magma. Based on field relationships of the lithological associations, spatial geochemical patterns and published geochronological data, a shallow, west‐dipping subduction model is postulated for the Yandal belt. In this model, widespread tholeiitic basalt and TTD dacite volcanic sequences are thought to have formed in a backarc basin west of a predominantly submerged continental margin volcanic arc. The dominance of dacite in the upper stratigraphy of the Yandal belt could indicate the development of a secondary volcanic ridge or arc in this basin. The Spring Well Sequence is interpreted to occupy the northern preserved portion of the primary arc, remnants of which now extend south through Teutonic Bore to the Melita and Jeedamya volcanic centres. South of Spring Well, volcanic sequences become distinctly bimodal with basalt and high silica rhyolite suggesting an increasing influence of arc extension toward the south.     

南秦岭勉略构造带中堂沟火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对分布于勉略构造带中段三岔子西侧中堂沟地区的火山岩进行详实的野外地质剖面调查,发现其为一套绿片岩相浅变质火山岩,岩石组合以变安山岩为主,含有少量的变玄武岩和变英安岩,主体为钙碱性系列。岩石地球化学研究表明3类岩石均具有轻稀土富集型稀土配分曲线,并显示弱的Eu负异常;微量元素方面,岩石普遍富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,相对亏损P、Ti,不活动微量元素Zr、Hf、Tb、Y等既无明显的相对亏损也无显著的相对富集。在La-La/Nb、Nb-Nb/Th和La/Yb-Sc/Ni等环境判别图解中,变玄武岩和变安山岩样品点均落在岛弧火山岩范围内,并结合其岩石组合特征指示该套火山岩应形成于大陆边缘弧(活动陆缘)环境。其中变玄武岩和变安山岩岩浆起源于楔形地幔的部分熔融,且有陆壳物质的参与;变英安岩的形成则与壳源物质的部分熔融有关。     

塔河地区海西晚期火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

通过岩心观察,塔河地区海西晚期先后发育基性火山岩和中酸性火山岩两大类。两类火山岩具有不同地球化学组成:基性火山岩K2O+Na2O=3.49%~4.25%,K2O/Na2O=0.18~0.381,为钠质系列玄武岩,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、P,δEu≈1,无明显亏损;中酸性火山岩表现为高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti亏损,大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th较为富集,稀土元素δEu=0.43~0.661,铕具明显负异常特征,K2O+Na2O=6.86%~8.82%,K2O/Na2O=1.25~1.591,为钾玄或高钾钙碱性系列英安岩。强不相容元素Th/Ta、Nb/U比值说明,玄武岩与英安岩成因没有明显亲缘性,玄武岩来源于地幔,英安岩来源于地壳。结合邻区火成岩对比分析,塔河地区发育的玄武岩、英安岩分别与塔中地区玄武岩和南天山分区花岗岩具有相同的地球化学特征,构造判别图解表明,玄武岩形成于板内主裂陷期,英安岩、花岗岩形成于板块边缘岛弧构造环境,作为特殊古构造位置,塔河地区先后发育的玄武岩、英安岩为板内主裂陷盆地边缘和弧火山边缘相互耦合的产物。     

藏南墨竹工卡叶巴组双峰式火山岩岩石成因、时代及构造环境

青藏高原南部早中生代岩浆岩的研究对反演区域构造演化具有重要意义,其中早侏罗世叶巴组火山岩被认为是新特提斯洋俯冲的早期岩浆记录,目前对于其形成的构造环境仍存在争议。选取西藏南部墨竹工卡县地区新发现的叶巴组火山岩为研究对象,对其进行了锆石U-Pb同位素、全岩地球化学成分测试。火山岩主要岩性为玄武岩(181.0±5.0 Ma,n=1)和流纹岩(181.4±4.4 Ma,MSWD=0.017, n=18),具有双峰式火山岩特征。玄武岩具有较高的TiO2、P2O5和Nb含量,(La/Nb)PM＜2,具有富铌玄武岩的特征,Mg#值为54.9~57.3,Ti/V＞50,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素。流纹岩具有较高的SiO2、Na2O含量,Mg#值为49.1~50.4,Th/Ce值为0.1~0.15,Th/La值为0.22~0.31,Nb/Ta值为14.06~14.32,Sr/Y值较低(4.15~4.82),富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。研究结果揭示,玄武岩岩浆源区为板片熔体交代的地幔楔,并在后期演化过程中混入部分地壳物质。流纹岩为幔源岩浆与大陆地壳混染成因。玄武岩具有板内玄武岩及岛弧岩浆岩特征,流纹岩具有岛弧岩浆岩特征,结合区域地质背景推测,墨竹工卡叶巴组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋北向俯冲的弧后盆地环境,区域上叶巴组火山岩的形成时代及构造环境存在差异,可能代表了俯冲不同阶段的产物。     

西藏甲鲁朗地区叶巴组火山岩成因及其对新特提斯洋俯冲的约束

西藏冈底斯岩浆弧叶巴组火山岩对于新特提斯洋俯冲时限的制约存在着重要的意义.通过对甲鲁朗地区叶巴组凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学组成的研究,锆石测年获得3件凝灰岩样品206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为207.8±1.6 Ma、204.8±1.7 Ma和209.3±3.4 Ma,结合古生物化石证据,表明其形成于晚三叠世;凝灰岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、Pb),亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P),同时亏损Sr元素,Eu负异常较明显.岩石地球化学特征表明叶巴组中酸性岩可能为壳幔混染成因.综合前人研究成果,认为叶巴组形成于新特提斯洋俯冲环境下的大陆边缘弧,新特提斯洋的俯冲从晚三叠世就已经开始.本研究为叶巴组的形成时代以及动力学背景提供了新的制约.      

新疆卡拉麦里地区早泥盆世洋内弧：来自火山岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb 年龄的证据

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区早泥盆世火山岩由玄武岩和玄武安山岩组成,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得玄武安山岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为404.5±1.9 Ma,表明喷发时代为早泥盆世。岩石地球化学显示早泥盆世火山岩属岛弧拉斑系列,具相对较高的Mg^# 值(41.25～55.32)及较低的Nb(1.11×10^{- 6}～2.42×10^{- 6})、Zr(73.9×10^{- 6}～95×10^{- 6})和ΣREE(81.50×10^{- 6}～121.80×10^-6)含量。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE：K、Rb、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE),而亏损Ta、Nb和Ti高场强元素（HFSE：Ta、Nb、Ti）,并显示Eu弱的亏损,这些特征与岛弧火山岩类似,其原始岩浆可能起源于俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔楔的部分熔融。结合区域地质背景,认为早泥盆世火山形成于洋内弧的构造环境,为卡拉麦里古洋盆向北俯冲消减的产物。这是在卡拉麦里地区首次报道的洋内弧火山岩,这一新的发现和认识对研究东准噶尔古生代洋盆演化及区域构造格局均具有重要的意义。     

喀拉昆仑火烧云一带早侏罗世双峰式火山岩的发现及意义

喀拉昆仑火烧云北火山岩发育在乔尔天山断裂附近,玄武岩体和安山岩体在时空上紧密伴生。主量元素测试结果显示,其中玄武岩和英安岩的Si O2含量分别为48.84%~52.44%和62.22%~65.63%,具有明显的Daly间断面,属于典型的双峰式火山岩。玄武岩Al2O3含量较低,MgO、Ca O、Ti O2含量较高,Sr、Ba、K等微量元素强烈亏损,高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr无亏损。英安岩具有相对较高的Al2O3、Na2O、K2O含量,较低的MgO、Ca O、Ti O2含量;微量元素具富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K)、亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Ti),显示典型岛弧环境特征。岩石地球化学特征表明二者同属钙碱系列,形成于弧后盆地,属同源演化,英安岩为玄武岩结晶分异的产物。通过对英安岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法测年,获得流纹岩形成年龄为(195.5±1.1)Ma,属于早侏罗世。通过对该区域构造演化进行分析讨论,认为乔尔天山一带盆地整体可能处于弧后盆地的发育阶段,盆地形成过程中岩石圈地幔未被拉断,没有洋壳形成。     

Neoproterozoic nascent island arc volcanism from the Nubian Shield of Egypt: Magma genesis and generation of continental crust in intra-oceanic arcs

The Neoproterozoic Wadi Ranga metavolcanic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence of low-K submarine tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. The mafic volcanic rocks are represented by massive and pillow flows and agglomerates, composed of porphyritic and aphyric basalts and basaltic andesites that are mostly amygdaloidal. The felsic volcanic rocks embrace porphyritic dacites and rhyolites and tuffs, which overlie the mafic volcanic rocks. The geochemical characteristics of Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks, especially a strong Nb depletion, indicate that they were formed from subduction-related melts. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts of basalts are more akin to those crystallizing from island-arc tholeiitic magmas. The tholeiitic nature of the Wadi Ranga volcanics as well as their LREE-depleted or nearly flat REE patterns and their low K₂O contents suggest that they were developed in an immature island arc setting. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios (with the lowest ratio reported for any arc rocks) and low Nb/Yb ratios indicate that the mantle source of the Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks was more depleted than N-MORB-source mantle. Subduction signature was dominated by aqueous fluids derived from slab dehydration, whereas the role of subducted sediments in mantle-wedge metasomatization was subordinate, implying that the subduction system was sediment-starved and far from continental clastic input. The amount of slab-derived fluids was enough to produce hydrous magmas that follow the tholeiitic but not the calc-alkaline differentiation trend. With Mg# > 64, few samples of Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks are similar to primitive arc magmas, whereas the other samples have clearly experienced considerable fractional crystallization.The low abundances of trace elements, together with low K₂O contents of the felsic metavolcanic rocks indicate that they were erupted in a primitive island arc setting. The felsic volcanic rocks are characterized by lower K/Rb ratios compared to the mafic volcanic rocks, higher trace element abundances (~ 2 to ~ 9 times basalt) on primitive arc basalt-normalized pattern and nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display a negative Eu anomaly. These features are largely consistent with fractional crystallization model for the origin of the felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, SiO₂-REE variations for the Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks display steadily increasing LREE over the entire mafic to felsic range and enriched La abundances in the felsic lavas relative to the most mafic lavas, features which are consistent with production of the felsic volcanic rocks through fractional crystallization of basaltic melts. The relatively large volume of Wadi Ranga silicic volcanic rocks implies that significant volume of silicic magmas can be generated in immature island arcs by fractional crystallization and indicates the significant role of intra-oceanic arcs in the production of Neoproterozoic continental crust. We emphasize that the geochemical characteristics of these rocks such as their low LILE and nearly flat REE patterns can successfully discriminate them from other Egyptian Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, which have higher LILE, Zr and Nb and fractionated REE patterns.     

吐--哈盆地及周缘早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造环境探讨

长期以来对吐—哈盆地及其周缘地区早二叠世构造环境的归属存在较大异议.通过对盆地早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征的研究,进一步厘定了火山岩的产出环境.研究表明,区内火山岩以玄武岩、玄武安山岩和流纹岩为主,具双峰式火山岩特征,大部分玄武岩相对MORB强烈富集LILE和LREE,HFSE适度富集,Th/Ta比值>5,Ta、Nb的适度亏损和陆壳的混染有关,少量玄武岩带有与消减作用有关的地球化学信息,与造山期后伸展环境下的火山岩地球化学特征相似.结合区域地质特征及邻区研究结果,认为吐—哈盆地早二叠世火山岩为造山期后伸展背景下裂谷环境的产物.     

新疆阿舍勒盆地阿舍勒组火山岩锆石U-Pb测年及地球化学特征

新疆阿舍勒盆地中阿舍勒组火山岩主要为英安质、流纹质火山角砾岩,凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩等火山角砾岩及火山熔岩,顶部为玄武岩及碧玉岩、灰岩.玄武岩亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba,Th,U,Sr等大离子亲石元素,具岛弧玄武岩特征;英安岩为钙碱性系列,富集Rb,Ba,Th,U等大离子亲石元素,Nb,P,Ti亏损十分明显,...     

松辽盆地长岭断陷中基性火山岩的时代与其成因

锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,松辽盆地长岭断陷松南180井中基性火山岩形成于101～116 Ma的早白垩世晚期,属于营城组,非火石岭组火山岩。岩相学观察主要由安山岩和橄榄玄武岩组成,化学成分显示为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,属碱性系列,镁质量分数较低,镁值较小（Mg^#=0.27~0.53）。稀土元素总量较高（w（∑REE）=（164.98~257.27）×10^-6）,轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=6.60~10.96）,铕异常微弱（δEu=0.85~1.02）。富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, Rb,K 相对亏损,相容元素（Cr、Co、Ni）质量分数低,高场强元素Nb、Ta弱富集,整体表现出与 OIB(洋岛玄武岩)一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,经历了深部地幔流体的交代富集作用,岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染。     

东天山寨北山铜矿区钠质火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

寨北山矿区海相火山岩为一套富钠的玄武安山玢岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩组合,属于钙碱性系列岩石,具有低MgO（0.51%~5.93%,平均2.54%）、FeO（0.54%~6.39%,平均2.84%）和钛（TiO₂=0.09%~1.10%,平均0.58%）,富铝（Al₂O₃=12.23%~17.75%,平均15.20%,A/CNK=0.79~1.42,平均1.11）以及富钠（Na₂O/K₂O平均为7.30）、富水的特征。火山岩中斜长石主要为钠长石,少量更长石。轻、重稀土分馏较明显（（LREE/HREE）_N=3.68~9.00）,微量元素显示大离子亲石元素（如Th、U、Rb）、轻稀土的富集和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti、P）相对亏损的特征。获得矿区雅满苏组钠质玄武安山玢岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为（337.6±3.3）Ma,为早石炭世火山活动的产物。火山岩岩石学及地球化学特征表明研究区钠质火山岩可能形成于俯冲带近大陆方向的岛弧构造环境,是早石炭世洋壳俯冲熔融产生的岩浆在海底喷发过程中与海水相互反应后,经低变质相作用产生的。成矿元素在钠长石化过程中可能被淋滤出来进入含矿热液,后期在适当的温压等条件下沉淀形成本区的矿床。     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE(e.g. Th, U, Pb and La) and depletion of HFSE(e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf). Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr(0.703457 to 0.708218) and εNd(t)(-2 to 5.8) indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd(t) diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf(t) values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores(2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma). The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.     

Geodynamic Indications on Igneous Rocks of Transitory Geologic Setting during the Late Hercynian in North Tarim Basin

Basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks were developed during the late Hercynian in North Tarim basin.The geochemistry characteristics of the rocks show that basic volcanic rock has K2O/Na2O = 0.18-0.61 < 1 and falls into a category of basalt of sodium system.The rocks contain enriched large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) (K,Rb,Ba,Th) and high-field strength elements (HFSE) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr,P),with the magmatic material from the upper mantle.The intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks have σ = 1.91-2.96 < 3.3,K2O/Na2O =1.25-1.59 > 1,as well as the enriched LILE and depleted HFSE (Nb,Ta,Ti,P),presenting the same trace element compositions and characteristics as in the granitic rocks of South Tianshan Mt.; they are either shoshonitic igneous rocks or high-K calc-alkaline igneous rocks,with a distinct crust-derived component feature.The comprehensive analyses on the characteristics of the trace elements,the graphic tectonic discrimination,and the distribution features of the two types of igneous rocks show that they were formed under different tectonic settings and geodynamic environments:the basalt was formed in the active rifting period when the active mantle upwelling caused the thinning of lithosphere; the intermediateacidic volcanic-intrusive rock was formed in the island arc area of the active continental margin in North Tarim; the formation is associated with the plate subduction during the course of South Tianshan Ocean closure-the subduction of Middle Tianshan Mountain toward the Tarim plate.The basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks reveal a tectonic regime of extension-extrusion transition,which is significant in determining the key tectonic revolution period of North Tarim basin.     

南秦岭勉略带铧厂沟火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究

陕西省西南部铧厂沟火山岩以英安岩为主(～ 90vol％),夹玄武岩构造透镜体(～ 10vol％).玄武岩SiO2含量为43.6％ ～ 54.7％,具有低K、Ti,高Na、Mg的特征;稀土总量为24×10-6 ～29×10-6,中稀土轻微富集,Eu、Sr轻微正异常;具有正Rb、Ba异常及负Nb、Zr异常,LaN/YbN值为1.81 ～2.87,Th/Yb值为0.19 ～0.23,Th/Nb值为0.11 ～0.20,Nb/La值为0.26～0.70,Hf/Th值为0.50 ～ 0.67,显示亚碱性弧玄武岩的特征.英安岩SiO2含量为59.5％～ 72.3％,稀土总量较低(116×10-6～187 × 10-6),为右倾式配分模式,Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、Th、K等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、P、Ti、Ta等),显示弧火山岩地球化学特征.获得玄武岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为801.7±4.7Ma (MSWD=1.18;n=12),英安岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为802.1±5.3Ma (MSWD=1.02;n=19),二者在误差范.内一致.因此,铧厂沟火山岩是一套火山弧环境的亚碱性玄武质-英安质火山岩组合,表明新元古代曾有大洋板块向南俯冲到扬子古板块北缘之下;这套火山岩裹挟于泥盆系沉积地层中,与泥盆系地层一起,共同组成了一套由晚古生代-三叠纪勉略洋闭合所致的构造混杂岩带.     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Cretaceous Suifenhe Formation in Eastern Heilongjiang, China

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data of volcanic rocks in the Suifenhe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province are reported, and their petrogenesis is discussed in this paper. The Suifenhe Formation mainly consists of basalt, andesite, and dacite. Zircon from andesite and dacite are euhedral in shape and show typical oscillatory zoning with high Th/U ratios (0.18-0.57), implying its magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating results by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) indicate that the 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from andesite range within 105-106 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 105.5±0.8 Ma (n=14), and that 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from dacite are between 90-96 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 93.2±1.3 Ma (n =13). The volcanic rocks from the Suifenhe Formation are subalkaline series and show a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend with SiO2 content of 47.69%-65.47%, MgO contents of 1.42%-6.80% (Mg#= 45-53), and Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.83-3.63. They are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light-rare-earth elements (LREE), depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7041-0.7057) and positiveεNd(t) values (039-4.08), implying that they could be derived from a depleted magma source. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary magma of the volcanic rocks might originate from partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted slab under a tectonic setting of active continental margin.     

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区早二叠世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区早二叠世玄武岩和中酸性火山岩在时空上构成双峰式火山岩组合,其岩石类型主要为亚碱性玄武岩和流纹岩,主体属钙碱性系列。玄武岩SiO2含量为47.70%~51.71%,TiO2含量(1.26%~1.52%)略高于N型大洋中脊玄武岩,高Al(Al2O3=14.06%~20.93%),富Na贫K(Na2O/K2O=2.34~28.36),低Mg(MgO=2.99%~8.62%,Mg#为27~52),表明其玄武岩浆发生过明显的橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用;玄武岩轻稀土元素略微富集,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.85~1.02),相对富集Rb、Ba、P等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等不相容元素。火山岩地球化学特征表明,研究区玄武质岩浆来自于亏损岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,且受到一定程度的地壳物质混染,显示了板内玄武岩的地球化学特征形成于陆内伸展环境。流纹岩具有较高的SiO2(73.58%~75.45%)和全碱(Na2O+K2O=8.56%~8.79%)含量,以及较低的TiO2(0.12%~0.18%)、Al2O3(12.77%~13.24%)和MgO(平均为0.21%)含量;显示右倾负斜率稀土配分模式,Eu负异常明显(δEu为0.52~0.70),显著富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,为后碰撞伸展环境下底侵玄武岩浆结晶分异的产物。博格达造山带东部芨芨台子地区双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征表明,该套火山岩应形成于碰撞后伸展环境,同时获得流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(294.2±1.3)Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于早二叠世早期。这一发现进一步证实了研究区在历经石炭纪汇聚碰撞事件后进入二叠纪后碰撞伸展的演化时期,为进一步理解博格达地区晚古生代构造格局及板块构造体制提供了重要的地质依据。     

大兴安岭西缘玛尼吐组火山岩成因及构造指示

我国东北地区分布有大量中生代(侏罗纪至白垩纪)火山岩。选取大兴安岭西缘玛尼吐组粗安岩-粗面英安岩-流纹岩为研究对象,研究结果显示它们为高钾钙碱性的火山岩,主量、微量元素含量变化较大,SiO2含量为5671%~7185%,Na2O+K2O含量为592%~1018%,Na2O/K2O比值较高,为078~133,Mg#为306~564。玛尼吐组火山岩的稀土元素配分图和微量元素蛛网图右倾明显,可见明显的Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr和Eu负异常(Nb*=017~071,Sr*=024~115,Eu*=049~077)。稀土总量较高,为200×10-6~949×10-6。结果分析可知,玛尼吐组火山岩源岩与霍林河火山岩源岩相似,均为混合了少量先存古老地壳的新生基性下地壳。新生基性下地壳部分熔融形成安山质岩浆,并经角闪石+斜长石+钾长石+磷灰石+钛磁铁矿等的分离结晶形成了玛尼吐组粗安岩-粗面英安岩-流纹岩。玛尼吐组火山岩显著的岛弧地球化学特征说明其形成于与太平洋俯冲有关的岛弧环境。     

西秦岭天水地区李子园群变质火山岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

西秦岭天水地区的早古生代李子园群为一套中浅变质的沉积-火山岩系。沉积岩系主要由变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成,火山岩系主要由变玄武岩、变玄武安山岩和变安山岩组成,包括岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩。岛弧型火山岩SiO2含量介于48.79%~54.64%之间,TiO2含量较低(0.29%~0.88%);稀土元素分布型式呈LREE略富集型,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Sr、Th、U,相对亏损Rb、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Sm、Ti和Y,具Nb负异常,类似于低钾岛弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩特征。玻安岩具有中等的SiO2含量(53.59%~59.28%),低的TiO2含量(0.24%~0.48%);相对中等的MgO含量(4.90%~4.96%)、较低的CaO/Al2O3比值(0.39~0.54)和较高的Mg#值(0.54~0.58)、Al2O3/TiO2比值(33.88~64.29);同时具有较低的Ti/Zr比值(15~83)、V/Zr比值(2.18~8.35)和较高的Zr/Y比值(3.82~12.08),相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),特别是Rb、Ba、Th,而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),如Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Y、Yb,显示为亏损MREE的U型稀土元素分布型式。岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩的存在表明,李子园群及其中的中基性火山岩系形成于俯冲带之上的岛弧或弧前环境。