CT机射线质量控制系统及故障部件改进

本文叙述了ＣＴＸ线质量控制，对控制部件光束限位器、准值器、以及射线校正器等工作原理进行了系统的分析，并对各故障部件的控制进行改进讨论。     

CT机存贮器板故障器件的定位研究

存贮器是CT 图象处理器中电路板最多的部件,也是故障较多的部件。本文分析存贮器物理地址和虚地址之间的关系,介绍存贮器板中故障器件定位方法。经多次实际应用检验,每次都完全成功。     

SOMATOM PLUS全身CTX线管旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修

Ｘ线管是ＣＴ中最重要、最昂贵同时也是最易损坏的部件之一，而旋转阳级又是Ｘ线管中故障率最高的部件。因此正确判断Ｘ线管旋转阳级的故障显得尤为重要。如判断失误，将会给用户造成巨大的经济损失。本文阐述西门子ＳｏｍａｔｏｍＰｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ的旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修方法，并以流程图的形式给出了步骤。     

SOMATOM PLUS全身CTX管线旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修

Ｘ线管是ＣＴ中最重要、最昂贵同时也是最易损坏的部件之一，而旋转阳级又是Ｘ线管中的故障率最高的部件。因此正确判断Ｘ线管旋转阳级的故障显得尤为重要。如判断失误，将会给用户造成巨大的经济损失。本文阐述西门子Ｓｏｍａｔｏｍ Ｐｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ的旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修方法。并以流程图的形式给出了步骤。     

乾陵地震台DSC-2A型数据采集器雷害故障与处理

通过对乾陵地震台DSC2A型数据采集器雷害故障现象特征、诊断修复过程、故障原因等的分析,提出了数据采集器雷害故障检修的一般步骤方法,并认为,数据采集器内部模拟输入通道转换继电器和通道程控放大电路ICL7650集成运放块易遭雷击损坏,是故障率较高的部件。     

Philips磁共振射频软故障的检修与分析

Philips T5-NT磁共振设备中的射频放大器出现了偏流超出正常值的软故障,经过测试软件测试,以及进行最大功率调节等处理,最终判定功率放大部件故障,并由替代法证实。     

陕西省地震台网运维故障管理信息化系统设计与实现

地震台站是开展地震监测预报工作的基础，随着地震部门“国家地震速报与烈度预警工程”的实施，地震台站数量急剧增加，使得地震台站运维工作面临挑战。为此，本文使用ASP.net技术开发了陕西省地震台网运维故障管理信息化系统，该系统可对地震台站发生的故障进行信息化管理。该系统具备故障诊断、故障挂单、故障查询、故障完成等全流程信息化故障管理功能，还具备故障数据收集、导出、统计分析、企业微信通知、台站地图导航等多项功能，解决了台站发生故障后无标准化处置流程、资料均为纸质化、维修记录不全、管理不精准等问题。该系统可与陕西省地震局已开发的软件良好对接与使用，满足了陕西省地震台网管理工作的需要，大幅提高了运维工作效率，节约了人力成本，提高了台站信息化管理能力。     

地电自动测量系统ATS的硬件和软件

为了使地电自动测量系统(Automatic Test System,简称ATS)成为全天侯的自动测量系统,ATS中增加了UPS(uninterrupted power system)并且对有关部件进行了必要的功能扩展和技术改造,对可能出现的故障分别采取了相应的保护措施.系统运行软件全部用BASIC语言编写,它包括:自动测量、计算、故障诊断/报警,编目打印/绘图、数据进库、值班员纪事及资料检索等.     

DD—1地震仪观测记录中的故障检修

列举了ＤＤ—１地震仪在地震监测中记录通道的常见故障，用具有代表性的检修事例，介绍了对故障源的查寻及检修方法，并分析了故障产生的原因。     

大型模拟地震振动台液压部件参数的计算

本文简述了在大型模拟地震振动台主要性能参数的选定之后，怎样计算出关键液压部件的参数和容量。     

用sPn震相测定近震震源深度

用近震深度震相ｓＰｎ与Ｐｎ波的到时差测定近震深度，方法以求简捷准确。为此，对我国部分地区台网记录的ｓＰｎ震相进行了初步分析研究，通过研制的计算ｓＰｎ走时程序运算，给出华北、山西、华东、西北及四川地区的ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ走时差对应震源深（ｈ）表和ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ求震源深度列线图。经过震例检验，该表比较适合本地区的走时特性。为应用ｓＰｎ震相测准我国部分地区震源深度，提供了有利工具。     

A fast algorithm for prestack Gaussian beam migration adopting the steepest descent approximation

In the past, prestack Gaussian beam migration adopted the steepest descent approximation to reduce the dimension of the integrals and speed up the computation. However, the simplified formula by the steepest descent approximation was still in the frequency domain, and it had to be evaluated at each frequency. To solve this problem, we present a fast algorithm by changing the order of the integrals. The innermost integral is regarded as a two-dimensional continuous function with respect to the real part and the imaginary part of the total traveltime. A lookup table corresponding to the value of the innermost integral is constructed at the sampling points. The value of the innermost integral at one imaging point can be obtained through interpolation in the constructed lookup table. The accuracy and efficiency of the fast algorithm are validated with the Marmousi dataset. The application to the Sigsbee2A dataset shows a good result.     

Tide-induced variability in beach surface moisture: Observations and modelling

The moisture content w_s of a beach surface strongly controls the availability of sand for aeolian transport. Our predictive capability of the spatiotemporal variability in w_s, which depends to a large extent on water table depth, is, however, limited. Here we show that water table fluctuations and surface moisture content observed during a 10-day period on a medium-grained (365μm) planar (1:30) beach can be predicted well with the nonlinear Boussinesq equation extended to include run-up infiltration and a soil–water retention curve under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. On the intertidal part of the beach the water table is observed and predicted to continuously fall from the moment the beach surface emerges from the falling tide to just before it is submerged by the incoming tide. We find that on the lower 30% of the intertidal beach the water table remains within 0.1–0.2 m from the surface and that the sand is always saturated (w_s≈20%, by mass). Higher up on the intertidal beach, the surface can dry to about 5% when the water table has fallen to 0.4–0.5 m beneath the surface. Above the high-tide level the water table is always too deep (>0.5 m) to affect surface moisture and, without precipitation, the sand is dry (w_s < 5 − 8%). Because the water table depth on the emerged part of the intertidal beach increases with time irrespective of whether the (ocean) tide falls or rises, we find no need to include hysteresis (wetting and drying) effects in the surface-moisture modelling. Model simulations suggest that at the present planar beach only the part well above mean sea level can dry sufficiently (w_s < 10%) for sand to become available for aeolian transport. ©2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Changes in water table level influence solute transport in uniform porous media

Changes in the water table level result in variable water saturation and variable hydrological fluxes at the interface between the unsaturated and saturated zone. This may influence the transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a decreasing and an increasing water table on solute transport. We conducted tracer experiments at downward flow conditions in laboratory columns filled with two different uniform porous media under static and transient flow conditions either increasing or decreasing the water table. Tracer breakthrough curves were simulated using a mobile–immobile transport model. The resulting transport parameters were compared to identify dominant transport processes. Changes in the water table level affected dispersivities and mobile water fractions depending on the direction of water table movement and the grain size of the porous media. In fine glass beads, the water flow velocity was similar to the decline rate of the water table, and the mobile water fraction was decreased compared with steady‐state saturated conditions. However, immobile water was negligible. In coarse glass beads, water flow was faster because of fingered flow in the unsaturated part, and the mobile water fraction was smaller than in the fine material. Here, a rising water table led to an even smaller mobile water fraction and increased solute spreading because of diffusive interaction with immobile water. We conclude that changes of the water table need to be considered to correctly simulate transport in the subsurface at the transition of the unsaturated–saturated zone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient traveltime compression for 3D prestack Kirchhoff migration

Kirchhoff 3D prestack migration, as part of its execution, usually requires repeated access to a large traveltime table data base. Access to this data base implies either a memory intensive or I/O bounded solution to the storage problem. Proper compression of the traveltime table allows efficient 3D prestack migration without relying on the usually slow access to the computer hard drive. Such compression also allows for faster access to desirable parts of the traveltime table. Compression is applied to the traveltime field for each source location on the surface on a regular grid using 3D Chebyshev polynomial or cosine transforms of the traveltime field represented in the spherical coordinates or the Celerity domain. We obtain practical compression levels up to and exceeding 20 to 1. In fact, because of the smaller size traveltime table, we obtain exceptional traveltime extraction speed during migration that exceeds conventional methods. Additional features of the compression include better interpolation of traveltime tables and more stable estimates of amplitudes from traveltime curvatures. Further compression is achieved using bit encoding, by representing compression parameters values with fewer bits.     

Interpolations of groundwater table elevation in dissected uplands

The variable elevation of the groundwater table in the St. Louis area was estimated using multiple linear regression (MLR), ordinary kriging, and cokriging as part of a regional program seeking to assess liquefaction potential. Surface water features were used to determine the minimum water table for MLR and supplement the principal variables for ordinary kriging and cokriging. By evaluating the known depth to the water and the minimum water table elevation, the MLR analysis approximates the groundwater elevation for a contiguous hydrologic system. Ordinary kriging and cokriging estimate values in unsampled areas by calculating the spatial relationships between the unsampled and sampled locations. In this study, ordinary kriging did not incorporate topographic variations as an independent variable, while cokriging included topography as a supporting covariable. Cross validation suggests that cokriging provides a more reliable estimate at known data points with less uncertainty than the other methods. Profiles extending through the dissected uplands terrain suggest that: (1) the groundwater table generated by MLR mimics the ground surface and elicits a exaggerated interpolation of groundwater elevation; (2) the groundwater table estimated by ordinary kriging tends to ignore local topography and exhibits oversmoothing of the actual undulations in the water table; and (3) cokriging appears to give the realistic water surface, which rises and falls in proportion to the overlying topography. The authors concluded that cokriging provided the most realistic estimate of the groundwater surface, which is the key variable in assessing soil liquefaction potential in unconsolidated sediments.     

Interannual, decadal and century scale climatic changes revealed by stalagmite records

The stalagmite chronological table is established based on the definition of annual character of microlayers of a stalagmite by comparing the laminated rhythm to natural cyclic processes. Climatic anomalies lasting over ten years and rapid climatic changes such as abrupt changes of mean value, of variability, of trend and of cycles are discovered from the stalagmite chronological table. Stalagmites which record interannual to century scale climatic changes are excellent This work is a part of PANASH/PEP-II Project, and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.49672134, 49894170), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZ951-A1-402-06-02), and State Science & Technology Commission of China.     

加筋土石坝小型振动台模型试验分析

土石坝振动台模型试验是认识坝体地震破坏过程和检验抗震措施效果的重要手段之一。针对2种坝体材料,利用小型振动台,开展了一系列不同加载工况、不同加筋方式的土石坝小型振动台模型试验。试验结果表明：①2种坝体材料的初始破坏都首先从坝顶开始,表明坝顶是抗震的关键部位,与已有研究成果基本一致;②相同加载条件下,级配较差的碎石料模型坝的抗震性能优于砂砾石料,表明相对于级配,堆石料自身的性质对土石坝抗震性能的影响更大;③由细铁丝网和纱布组成并在坝坡采取包裹处理的复合加筋的抗震措施,抗震效果优于平铺纱布、平铺纱布且在坝坡包裹处理、平铺细铁丝网等的抗震措施。研究成果可供进一步开展土石坝大型振动台模型试验的材料选择、抗震措施设计等参考。     

基于振动台的动力子结构试验界面反力获取方法

基于振动台的实时子结构动力试验是一种新型的结构动力试验方法.该试验方法引入了“子结构”这一概念,不仅减小了常规振动台试验对于试验规模的限制,而且克服了拟动力子结构试验中无法考虑加载速率影响的问题.由于该试验方法将整体结构拆分为数值子结构和物理子结构两部分,二者之间通过交界面相互作用力实现实时数据交互,以保证子结构体系与...     

考虑超随机特性的人工地震动合成

文中根据自相关函数随机噪声部分的2个重要性质提出了自相关函数随机噪声部分的迭代生成算法,并给出了以确定性自相关函数为目标函数,考虑随机噪声部分影响的人工合成地震动方法.本文的研究结果表明地震动加速度的平方和（SS）比峰值加速度（PGA）更好地量度了地震地面运动强度.文中用蒙特卡罗方法分析了自相关函数噪声项对人工合成地震动幅值和反应谱的影响：由于自相关函数的随机噪声项对地震动总功率或平方和的贡献为0,因此随机噪声项对合成地震动幅值的影响不大,但由于自相关函数随机噪声项明显改变了地震动功率谱在频域上的分布特征,使原本光滑的平均反应谱出现了明显的波动,从而在一定程度上提高了平均反应谱的峰值,使自相关函数噪声部分对平均反应谱也有一些影响.