青藏高原东南缘多尺度重力场及构造含义

本文基于EGM2008重力场模型研究了青藏高原东南缘均衡重力异常和多尺度的布格重力异常特征,以鲁甸和景谷地震为例,认识其深部构造环境和动力学过程,为该区域的构造运动和地震孕育环境研究提供依据.结果表明,研究区布格重力异常和均衡重力异常与地质构造格局相关性较好,川滇地块剧烈的区域布格重力异常和非均衡状态与其强烈的地壳变形...     

2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3地震序列及其构造背景研究

2014年2月12日新疆于田发生M_S7.3地震,该震前1天曾发生M_S5.4前震,震后余震活动频繁.截止到2月20日12时,该地震序列记录到4000多次余震,最大余震为2月12日M_S5.7地震,序列类型为前震—主震—余震型.该地震前震的b值明显低于该区域正常活动的b值和余震的b值.这次地震位于西昆仑断裂带与阿尔金断裂带的交汇区域的阿什库勒断裂北段,震源机制解为走滑型.余震区NE向长70 km、宽20 km,分为主余震分布区和次余震分布区,其中M_L4.0以上强余震基本位于NE向主余震分布区,N--S向的次余震分布区则以M_L3.0左右地震分布为主,显示该部分可能受到主震的触发作用.于田地区曾发生的2008年3月21日M_S7.3地震的震源机制解为正断型,距这次地震约100 km;2012年8月12日发生的M_S6.2地震的震源机制解为正断型,距这次地震约10 km.该地区的发震构造背景是:在NE向阿尔金断裂带尾端向SW方向延伸过程中,左旋走滑作用逐渐转换为拉张作用,形成多条左旋走滑兼具拉张作用的断裂. 2014年于田M_S7.3地震的发震模式表现为:左旋走滑的阿什库勒断裂北段与南段因速率差异而产生的小型构造盆地,在区域拉张作用力下顺时针旋转;2008年M_S7.3张性地震后区域的伸展作用增强,导致盆地南侧的苦牙克断裂发生2012年M_S6.2张性地震,该地震引起2014年M_S5.4前震,两者激发其后在盆地北侧阿什库勒断裂发生了2014年M_S7.3主震.      

灵武上桥痕量氢观测台站建设与地震预测前景

氢气的浓度变化与地震活动密切相关,具有较强的映震灵敏性,是地震短临预测的重要手段之一.通过对台站地质构造背景场勘察,观测孔埋设集气方式探索,观测室建设采取的防干扰影响措施以及对大气温度、气压、降水对产出数据的相关分析,为宁夏后续痕量氢观测台站建设应用推广,为开展实用、有效的地震前兆观测打下坚实的基础.     

青藏高原周缘三次强地震伴生的卫星高光谱遥感地球化学异常

利用卫星遥感高光谱AIRS数据, 获取了发生在青藏高原周缘三个不同构造单元的2017年8月九寨沟M_S7.0地震、 2019年4月西藏墨脱M_S6.3地震和2020年6月新疆于田M_S6.4地震伴生的CH₄气体地球化学异常。 用Matlab编程处理AIRS数据的结果表明, CH₄柱含量在三次地震前一周到半个月出现高值异常, 异常沿着断裂带分布, 其中断裂带的交会部位异常幅度较大。 由于地震所处的构造环境、 发震类型、 震级大小差异, 三个构造单元地震引起的CH₄气体浓度异常出现时间、 持续时间、 异常强度等方面存在一定差异。 三次地震前后遥感信息异常与地震活动对应较好, 这归因于在孕震应力场作用下地下气体沿着裂隙及裂缝的逸散作用。 研究结果对利用卫星高光谱分辨率遥感技术监测地震及其在大地震短临预测中的应用具有重要意义。     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震深部构造背景浅析

2022年1月8日青海境内的托莱山—冷龙岭断裂附近发生了门源M_S6.9地震。结合地壳厚度、速度结构及各向异性等资料探讨了门源地震的深部构造特征,揭示了门源地震的发震位置与地壳结构变化的密切关联。结果显示:门源M_S6.9地震发生在地壳厚度和v_P/v_S值都出现快速空间变化的区域;大约在10—20 km深度范围内,震源位于P波速度从浅到深由高速变低速的垂向过渡区,同时也是S波速度和泊松比分布呈现明显横向变化的过渡区域,震源下方存在明显的低速区;冷龙岭断裂两侧相速度的方位各向异性变化比较明显。1月12日的M_S5.2余震震中紧邻2016年M_S6.4地震震中,揭示出2022年门源M_S6.9地震及其余震活动导致了冷龙岭断裂比较充分的破裂,两次门源地震主震之间及邻区短时间内难以积累更大能量,因而短时间内发生更大地震的可能性不大。青藏高原东北缘的持续向北扩展所导致的地表隆升和地壳增厚是该地区强震频发的主要构造成因。      

2018年5月松原MS5.7地震序列发震断层及应力场特征

利用双差定位方法对2018年松原M_S5.7地震序列中M_L≥1.0地震重新定位,之后使用CAP方法求解松原M_S5.7地震序列中强地震的震源机制解,再借助MSATSI软件包反演得到松原地区的区域应力场。综合分析以上研究结果得到如下结论:① 松原M_S5.7地震序列发生在NW走向的第二松花江断裂与NE走向的扶余—肇东断裂交会处,将地震精定位结果沿两条断层走向作剖面分析,NW向剖面主轴长度约为5 km,震中分布均匀,NE向剖面主轴长度亦约为5 km,震中呈倾向NE的高倾角分布;② 该序列中的4次M_L≥3.7地震的震源机制解具有良好的一致性:节面Ⅰ走向为NE向,节面Ⅱ走向为NW向,均为高倾角走滑断层。中强地震的震源机制节面解与第二松花江断裂性质基本一致,由此推断第二松花江断裂是本次松原地震的发震断层;③ 松原地区的主压应力方位角为N86°E,倾角为7°,主张应力方位角为N24°E,倾角为71°。松原地区的区域应力场既受到大尺度的板块构造运动的控制,又受到区域构造运动的影响。在太平洋板块对北东亚板块向西俯冲作用下,东北地区产生了近EW向的主压应力,受周边地质构造控制,松辽盆地内NE向断裂与NW向断裂交会处易发生走滑型地震,2018年松原M_S5.7地震正是在这种构造作用控制下发生的中强地震。      

GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE IN CANGWU IN 2016

Based on the mobile gravity observation data in 2014-2016 in Guangxi and its adjacent areas, this paper systematically analyzed the changes of regional gravity field and its relation to the M_S5.4 Cangwu, Guangxi earthquake on July 31, 2016, and combined with GPS observation data and seismic geological survey results, discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the changes of regional gravity field and its mechanism. The results show that:(1) Before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake, the gravity anomaly changes near the earthquake area were closely related to the major faults in space, which reflects the crustal deformation and tectonic activities that caused the surface gravity change along the seismogenic fault in the period of 2014-2016; (2) The gravity changes near the epicenter before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake showed an evolution process in which the positive gravity anomaly zone changed to the negative gravity anomaly zone, a gravity gradient belt appeared along NNE direction and the earthquake occurred in its reverse change process; (3) The epicenter of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake located both near the gravity gradient belt and in the zero transition zone of the surface strain gradient and the edge of the high maximum shear strain rate area, the observational fact further proved that the dynamic image of gravitational field and deformation field have important instruction significance to the location prediction of strong earthquakes; (4) in recent years, the gravity dynamic change in northwestern Guangxi presented a four-quadrant distribution pattern, and there is the risk of generating earthquake of magnitude about 5 in the center of the quadrants.     

2019年四川荣县MS4.9地震序列监测与活动特征研究

通过对荣县M_S4.9地震震中及附近地区地震监测、地震地质、地震活动背景和区域地震活动性的分析表明,荣县M_S4.9地震震前经历了区域地震平静至活跃、再发震的过程,该序列为正常的震群型,震中区及其附近的华蓥山断裂地震带和马边地震带的震后地震学参数均正常。荣县M_S4.9地震发震断裂为荣县-威远基底断裂,华蓥山断裂带及其附近地区2018年开始的5—6级地震活跃与川西地区东昆仑断裂带2017年8月九寨沟M_S7.0强震的发生存在呼应关系。      

RELOCATION OF MAIN SHOCK AND AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 YINGJIANG MS5.6 AND MS6.1 EARTHQUAKES IN YUNNAN

Yingjiang area is located in the China-Burma border,the Sudian-Xima arc tectonic belt,which lies in the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates.The Yingjiang earthquake occurring on May 30th,2014 is the only event above M_S6.0 in this region since seismicity can be recorded.In this study,we relocated the Yingjiang M_S5.6 and M_S6.1 earthquake sequences by using the double-difference method.The results show that two main shocks are located in the east of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,the northern segment of the Sudian-Xima Fault.Compared with the Yingjiang M_S5.6 earthquake,the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake is nearer to the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault.The aftershocks of the two earthquakes are distributed along the strike direction of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault (NNE).The rupture zone of the main shock of Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake extends northward approximately 5km.The aftershocks of two earthquakes are mainly located in the eastern side of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault with a significant asymmetry along the fault,which differ from the characteristics of the aftershock distribution of the strike-slip earthquake.It may indicate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are conjugate rupture earthquakes.The non-double-couple components are relatively high in the moment tensor.We speculate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are related to the fractured zone caused by the long-term seismic activity and heat effect in the deep between Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault and its neighboring secondary faults.Aftershock distribution of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake on the southern area crosses a secondary fault on the right of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,suggesting that the coseismic rupture of the secondary fault may be triggered by the dynamic stress of the main shock.     

2014年四川康定MS6.3和MS5.8地震的应力触发研究

以2014年四川康定M_S6.3和M_S5.8地震为研究对象,计算了2次主震在近场和周围断层造成的库仑破裂应力变化,研究主震与余震的触发关系,以及2次主震对周围断层施加的应力负荷作用。结果表明:2次主震的共同作用控制了后续地震活动的演化趋势,其中康定M_S6.3地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化对后续余震事件的触发占主导作用。鲜水河断裂带南段和安宁河断裂带受到了一定的应力加载作用,未来地震活动的趋势可能会加强。     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震序列重定位和震源机制解研究

2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生M_S6.9地震,震后产生了长约22 km的地表破裂带,青海、甘肃和宁夏等多地震感强烈。本文基于区域地震台网资料,通过多阶段定位方法对门源M_S6.9地震早期序列（2022年1月8日至12日）进行了重定位,并利用gCAP方法反演了主震和M_S≥3.4余震的震源机制和震源矩心深度,计算了现今应力场体系在门源M_S6.9地震震源机制两个节面产生的相对剪应力和正应力。结果表明:门源M_S6.9地震的初始破裂深度为7.8 km,震源矩心深度为4 km,地震序列的优势初始破裂深度主要介于7—8 km之间,而M_S≥3.4余震的震源矩心深度为3—7 km;该地震序列的震源深度剖面显示震后24个小时内的地震序列长度约为25 km,与地表破裂带的长度大体一致,整体地震序列长度约为30 km,其中1月8日M_S6.9主震和M_S5.1余震位于余震区西段,1月12日M_S5.2余震位于余震区东段。2022年1月8日门源M_S6.9主震的震源机制解节面Ⅰ为走向290°、倾角81°、滑动角16°,节面Ⅱ为走向197°、倾角74°、滑动角171°,根据余震展布的总体趋势估计断层面走向为290°,表明此次地震为近乎直立断层面上的一次左旋走滑型事件;M_S≥3.4余震的震源机制解显示这些地震主要为走滑型地震,P轴走向从余震区西段到东段之间大体呈现NE向到EW向的变化。现今应力场体系在门源M_S6.9主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ上产生的相对剪应力为0.638,而在节面Ⅱ上的相对剪应力为0.522,表明这两个节面均非构造应力场的最大释放节面,这与2016年门源M_S6.4地震逆冲型震源机制为构造应力场的最优释放节面有着明显差异。结合地质构造、震源机制和余震展布,2022年1月8日门源M_S6.9主震的发震构造可能为冷龙岭断裂西段,其地震断层错动方式为左旋走滑。根据重定位结果、震级-破裂关系以及剪应力结果,本文认为门源地区存在一定的应力积累且应力未得到充分释放,该地区仍存在发生强震的危险。      

RESTUDY ON HYPOCENTRAL LOCATION AND SEISMOGENIC TECTONIC OF THE JIUJIANG-RUICHANG MS5.7 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE,JIANGXI PROVINCE

We collected seismic records of 228 M_L≥1.0 Jiujiang-Ruichang M_S5.7 earthquake sequence from Dec.26, 2005 to Jun. 30, 2006. By using double-difference method combined with waveform cross-correlation, those earthquakes were relocated and finally the accurate source parameters of 224 earthquakes were obtained. The errors are about 0. 5km in horizontal and less than 2km in vertical direction, respectively. It was found that the depth of earthquake sequence concentrates in 8~14km range, and the epicenters are distributed along both NW and NE direction, and dominantly along NW direction. Combined with the focal mechanism, the distribution direction and the tectonic setting, we infer that the rupture of the NW-trending fault caused the M_S5. 7 main shock, and then the rupture probably encountered an asperity and triggered the M_S4. 8 strong aftershock. The NE-trending fault came into a seismically quiet period by stress adjustment in a short time, while the NW-trending fault released stress for a long time which caused a series of aftershocks. The M_S5. 7 main shock is caused by the NW striking Yangjisshan-Wushan-Tongjiangling Fault and the M_S4. 8 aftershock occurred on the NE striking Liujia-Fanjiapu-Chengmenshan Fault.     

格尔木井水温异常特征及其与地震关系分析

简要介绍了格尔木井水温动态观测的环境与条件,在研究正常动态特征和影响因素的基础上,对水温异常的映震关系进行了分析,并成功地进行了一次短临地震趋势预测。探讨了水温异常的形成原因。     

2012年彝良MS5.7和MS5.6地震序列重定位和震源机制解特征

利用地震科学探测台阵在云南、 贵州地区的17个流动台站的地震记录, 采用双差定位法对2012年9月7日云南彝良M_S5.7和M_S5.6地震及其余震序列(M_L≥1.0)进行重定位． 在获得精确的震源位置后, 采用CAP法反演了M_S≥4.0地震的震源机制解． 结果显示, 彝良M_S5.7主震位于(27.509°N, 103.971°E), 震源深度为9.7 km, 震源机制解节面Ⅰ走向251°、 倾角66°、 滑动角150°, 节面Ⅱ走向354°、 倾角63°、 滑动角27°; 彝良M_S5.6主震位于(27.563°N, 104.034°E), 震源深度为10.0 km, 震源机制解节面Ⅰ走向235°、 倾角39°、 滑动角147°, 节面Ⅱ走向352°、 倾角70°、 滑动角56°． 反演结果显示断层的几何形态、 余震分布特征、 震源机制解特征及构造应力场等均有很好的一致性． 综合断层的运动学特征、 地震活动规律和地质构造背景, 推测彝良地震的发震断裂为昭通断裂带的前缘断裂, 即NE走向的石门断裂． 导致震区受灾严重的主要原因是由于彝良地震震源深度较浅, 能量释放多发生在地壳浅部所致．      

基于构造的地震活动参数扫描短期预测方法研究

应用山东省和江苏省地震局“九五”地质研究成果, 在华东地区共选择49条断裂和7个构造块体作为地震活动性研究的构造基础, 选用频度、 ΔT-T、 小震调制比3个参数, 对构造两侧各20 km宽度范围的地震资料进行参数时间扫描。 通过普查, 得到的构造优势映震距离为300 km; 得到了10个敏感构造及其映震特点。 通过对华东地区13个中强地震震例的构造异常的综合分析, 得到如下认识: ① 震前存在场的群体异常特征, 表明华东中强地震“前兆”是在构造应力作用下表现出的、 区域性的整体过程; ② 异常的构造常常分布在震中周围; ③ 地震常常发生在平静异常的构造附近; ④ 高频度异常常常发生在震中外围, 并常具有步进性; ⑤ 震中周围的构造在震前2～3年开始先后不断出现高频和平静异常, 平静后出现多处小震调制比高值是孕震中期向短期过渡的时间转折标志。     

盈江5.8级和缅甸7.2级地震前电磁异常

本文分析了2010年10月-2011年3月云南通海ELF地震台站观测的电磁场资料,研究发现该资料变化与2011年发生在中国大陆"3·10"盈江5.8级及"3·24"缅甸7.2级地震存在以下关系,(1)470～1 Hz的磁场自功率密度谱(PSD)在2011年盈江5.8和缅甸7.2级地震前出现了脉冲丛集异常,异常幅度分别比正常月份变化约1～3个数量级.异常的幅度与观测点的电极方位和信号的频率有密切的关系.(2)2011年3月10日盈江地震的异常变化是先从地壳的深部向浅部发展,在震前25天2.6 km处的电阻率开始发生变化,震前10天400 m处的电阻率变化,出现了勺形的变化形态,阻抗相位同步变化.3月24日的缅甸7.2级地震,震前10天深部、浅部的电阻率同步发生了大幅度变化,阻抗相位发生转折,这可能是强震的变化特性.     

四川长宁Ms6.0地震震区上地壳速度结构特征与孕震环境

北京时间2019年6月17日22时55分,四川省宜宾市长宁县发生了Ms6.0地震(28.34°N,104.90°E),四川盆地内部及边缘地带的深部孕震环境和潜在地震危险性再次引起了国内外地震专家和学者们的密切关注.为了揭示长宁Ms6.0震区的深部介质结构特征和孕震环境,综合解译地震活动的构造背景和展布特征,本文充分收集...     

A kind of information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors—research on atmospheric electric field anomalies before earthquakes

The long-time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction. The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may be a kind of reliable information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors. On such a basis, the 20 years’ continuous and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200 km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant prospect that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short-term and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near earthquakes before greater earthquakes (M _S≥5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2–4 stations every 10 000 km²) is deployed and further investigation is made. Contribution No. 97A0040, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China. This subject is sponsored by Program No. 95-04-05-01-04, State Seismological Bureau, China.     

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震前大武台地电场优势方位角异常特征分析

为了深入了解2021年5月22日青海省玛多M_S7.4地震前是否存在地震电信号,本文利用地电场优势方位角方法对大武地电场的原始资料进行了分析,获得了玛多地震前震中附近场地的岩体裂隙结构变化特征,并结合本次地震震中500 km范围内八个地电场台站的岩体裂隙结构变化和该台记录到的以往震例中大武台地电场优势方位角异常变化与中强地震之间的关系进行了综合分析。结果显示：大武台新旧两套地电场数据的地电场优势方位角在震前11个月出现了显著的同步偏转现象,其中大武旧台在震前两个月优势方位角再次出现大幅度上升,异常特征主要表现为优势方位角出现同步快速偏转,最大偏转达到45°—90°;处于同一次级地块的甘孜台、玛曲台与大武台出现准同步异常现象,而其它次级地块上的台站均无异常出现,表明异常响应受到区域构造的影响。再结合大武台地电场使用该方法分析的以往震例表明：大武台的地电场优势方位角异常在中强地震前具有较好的中短期指示意义。     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF GRAVITY FIELD IN XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF MS ≥ 5.0 EARTHQUAKES

Xianshuihe Fault, a main strong earthquake activity belt in southwest China, begins from Ganzi in the northwest, passes through Luhuo, Daofu, and Kangding, and then extents along the Dadu River valley. The fault is divided into two parts at Shimian, one part turns to south and converses to Anninghe Fault extending further to south, the other part, continuing to extend to southeast, cutting through Xiaoxiangling and then changing to Daliangshan Faults in the north of the Yuexi Basin, has the length of about 400km. Since 1700AD, there have happened 22 earthquakes larger than magnitude 6.0 and 8 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7.0. In this paper, we systematically collated and computed the gravity repetition measurement data along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1988, and by referring to the anomaly index of gravity field of the predecessor achievements, analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity field and the relation to the occurrence of ≥ M_S5.0 earthquakes. The mechanism of the regional gravity changes is further studied, and also the implication of strong earthquake risk because of the dynamic variation of gravity field in the near future is discussed.The results show that:1)The mobile gravity observation has the ability to detect crustal activity and M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake events. 2)There is definite correspondence between interannual gravitational field change and the 8 earthquakes among the 13 M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquakes occurring in the surveying area since 1988, which can be determined according to the change of interannual gravitational field. Three M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes occurred 3~4 years after the abnormal image was developed, 4 earthquakes that occurred in the region of no data available were not determined. 3)A significant feature of the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity is a north-south run-through image before 2004, and characterized by the alternatively positive or negative variation in different year, the earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 occurring in this period were not distributed along the fault. Gravity variation magnitude indicates that there were two similar crustal material movement waves before 2004, corresponding to the course of earthquake space-time distribution from strong to weak in the study area. After 2010, the variation image shows that the local positive and negative zones are concurrent within a year, different from the image before 2004, and earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 basically occurred on the fault. It is believed that the variation of gravity field since 1988 and the seismic distribution fit with the geodynamic mode of strong and weak stages of the northeast motion of Indian plate. According to the conclusion we can try to optimize gravity anomaly index. After the Kangding earthquake in 2014, the north segment of Moxi Fault was still subject to negative high value changes till 2017 and then the gravity variation was further developed to a four quadrant distribution image. Based on the analysis of this paper and the previous variation trend of gravity field, we believe that the north segment of Moxi Fault has the background of medium-long term, strong or large earthquake risk.