江西永平铜多金属矿床流体包裹体及硫同位素研究

永平铜多金属矿床位于华南地区十杭裂谷带南侧,是一个与晚侏罗世二长花岗斑岩侵入体有关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。矿区存在斑岩型钼矿和矽卡岩型铜矿两种矿化类型。其中,斑岩型钼矿含矿石英脉中主要发育I型气液两相包裹体、II型CO_2三相包裹体和III型含子矿物多相包裹体,早期石英-硫化物阶段流体包裹体的形成温度介于202~359℃之间,盐度介于4.62~36.68 wt%NaCl之间;晚期石英-碳酸盐-硫化物阶段均一温度介于211~318℃之间,盐度范围为2.07~11.47 wt%NaCl。矽卡岩铜矿主要发育I型气液两相包裹体,早期矽卡岩阶段均一温度达到406~486℃,盐度为9.21~9.89 wt%NaCl;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度介于137~335℃之间,盐度值范围为4.98~13.20 wt%NaCl;晚期碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度只有89~151℃,盐度范围介于2.07~19.13 wt%NaCl之间。激光拉曼结果显示两者流体包裹体中具有相似的气相成分,都以CO_2和H_2O为主,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系。含Mo成矿流体中存在CH_4,具有低氧逸度特征,在流体演化早期形成Mo矿化中心,石英-硫化物阶段含Mo流体相对于含Cu流体具有更高的温度和压力。矿石中金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化于–0.2‰~+1.9‰之间,这表明成矿物质硫源主要来自深源岩浆。结合地质特征,认为该矿床是与晚侏罗世花岗质岩浆密切相关的斑岩钼-矽卡岩铜矿床,铜和钼矿化存在分带现象,岩浆系统的中心部位具有斑岩型钼矿化,外围及和碳酸盐岩的接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钨铅锌矿化。     

西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源

为了探讨西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿的成矿物质来源,研究矿床成矿机制,对该矿床的矿石样品进行了硫和铅同位素分析,并对其变化规律和成因意义进行讨论。研究结果表明,6件金属硫化物样品(闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿)的δ34S值变化于2.2‰～4.8‰之间,显示硫同位素组成比较稳定。根据共生硫化物对所确定的温度,该矿床属中低温热液矿床。6件金属硫化物样品206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb变化范围分别为18.628 0～18.629 6、15.698 0～15.699 9、39.077 5～39.082 4,平均值分别为18.628 70、15.699 02和39.079 37。硫和铅同位素研究结果表明,洞中拉铅锌矿床的硫主要来自沉积围岩,主要为无机还原成因,有少量硫来自本地区燕山晚期花岗岩;洞中拉铅锌矿床矿石铅主要来自上地壳物质。     

哀牢山金矿带冬瓜林金矿床流体包裹体及硫同位素研究

流体包裹体和硫同位素研究可以揭示成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,是探讨矿床成因的重要手段。冬瓜林金矿床位于哀牢山金矿带的镇沅金矿田,研究程度较低,矿床成因研究尚未系统开展。本文针对该矿床利用显微测温和硫同位素示踪,分别对两个金成矿阶段脉体中的流体包裹体和矿石中黄铁矿的硫同位素进行了测定,进而探讨其矿床成因。流体包裹体测试结果显示,流体体系为NaCl-H_2O体系;包裹体的均一温度主要分布于100~400℃(有160~190℃和280~310℃两个峰值),盐度集中于6%~9%,密度集中于0.7~0.8 g/cm3和0.9~1.0 g/cm~3,表明成矿流体为中低温度和低盐度的流体。硫同位素测试结果显示,两个金成矿阶段的δ~(34)S值分别集中于0~1‰和-4.7‰~3‰,整体上与该矿床最主要的矿石——煌斑岩型矿石的δ~(34)S值最为接近,且矿床中煌斑岩和金矿化关系最为密切,因此成矿物质可能主要来自与煌斑岩有关的幔源物质,但受到地壳物质的混染。综合上述结果认为,冬瓜林金矿床的形成可能与幔源含金流体有关,但有大气降水和围岩的加入,这一结论为揭示本矿床及哀牢山金矿带的矿床成因研究提供了重要依据。     

Mineralogy,Sulfur Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Studies of Hydrothermal Ore at the Hakurei Deposit,Bayonnaise Knoll,Izu‐Bonin Arc

Sulfide and sulfate ore samples collected from the Hakurei deposit of the Bayonnaise knoll were examined for the occurrence and chemical composition of minerals, including the sulfur isotopes and the microthermometry of fluid inclusions. Massive sulfide ore, mineralized volcanic rock, and anhydrite ore occur in descending order, from the seafloor to the bottom of the cored sample. The massive sulfide ore is dominated by sphalerite and accompanied by tennantite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite with lesser amounts of galena, enargite, and covellite. Amorphous silica is commonly precipitated on the surface of the sulfide minerals. As‐bearing minerals such as tennantite, enargite, and luzonite are common, while galena and Sb‐rich tetrahedrite are scarce. The mineral abundance and chemical composition of the minerals differs from that found in chimneys of the deposit. The sulfur isotope compositions in the minerals are +3.1–5.2‰ for sulfides and +19.6–21.8‰ for sulfate minerals. The homogeneous nature of the sulfur isotopes suggests that sulfur incorporated in the Hakurei deposit came from the reduction of aqueous sulfate in seawater.     

硫同位素在岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床成因研究中的应用

岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床形成的重要过程是硫化物熔体的熔离,而关键在于成矿岩浆中硫的过饱和。判断岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床中硫来源最直接有效的方法就是研究其硫同位素特征。当矿床的硫同位素值超出了地幔硫同位素的组成范围,揭示了壳源硫的混入。如果矿床硫同位素值δ³⁴S落入地幔值的范围内,则需要结合围岩硫同位素组成、并考虑岩浆房中是否发生了硫同位素交换反应来进一步判断是否有围岩硫的加入。异常的Δ³³S值主要出现在太古宙沉积硫化物中,利用δ³⁴S与Δ³³S相结合可识别样品中是否存在太古宙岩石中来源的硫;然而,一些太古宙岩石中硫化物Δ³³S值也可以在0‰附近;在一些后太古宙岩石的硫化物中也发现了异常的Δ³³S值;因此在根据Δ³³S值来判断S是否来源于太古宙岩石时应谨慎。仔细测定围岩和潜在的混染源的硫同位素组成对于准确评价岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床中S的来源是非常关键的。硫同位素和其他同位素如镍同位素、铜同位素、铁同位素相结合也许对于认识岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床中成矿物质来源及成矿岩浆演化过程能够提供新的思路。     

Geochemistry, Fluid Inclusions and Sulfur Isotopes of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au Deposit (Western Azerbaijan) in Lesser Caucasus: Implications for the Origins of Ore-forming Fluids

The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus. The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks. The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite, gold, sphalerite, pyrite, bornite, hematite, covellite, chalcocite, malachite, and azurite. The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit, which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long, is seen as a fault-controlled and vein-, stockwork– and disseminated type deposit. The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu (max. 64500 ppm) and Au (max. 11.3 ppm), while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn (max. 437 ppm), Mo (max. 47.5 ppm), Pb (max. 134 ppm), and Ag (max. 21 ppm). The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage I range from 380°C to 327°C, and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. Th and salinities in quartz for stage II range from 304°C to 253°C, and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. The calculated δ34Sh2s values (?1.5‰ to 5.5‰) of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ34Sh2s values of chalcopyrite and bornite (between ?0.07‰ and +0.7‰) indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic. Based on the mineralogical, geochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotopic data, the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.     

河南瓦房铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征

河南瓦房铅锌矿床位于华北克拉通南缘熊耳山—外方山矿集区,矿体赋存于熊耳群鸡蛋坪组上段(Chj3)的地层中,矿石矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和少量黄铜矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿。该矿床热液成矿过程划分为3个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(早阶段),石英-多金属阶段(中阶段),石英-碳酸盐脉阶段(晚阶段)。矿石中石英和方解石中捕获的原生包裹体类型有NaCl-H2O型两相、NaCl-CO2-H2O型三相和纯气相。气液两相包裹体3个阶段均一温度范围分别为150~260、150~230和110~160℃,3个阶段盐度(w(NaCl))平均值分别为12.22%、8.55%和6.29%。中阶段方解石的δ13 CVPDB平均值为-7.34‰,δ18 OSMOM平均值为15.56‰;晚阶段方解石的δ13 CVPDB平均值为-3.05‰,δ18 OSMOW平均值为2.21‰。早阶段硫化物的δ34S值为2.747‰~7.737‰,中阶段硫化物的δ34S值为-11.187‰~7.286‰。认为早中阶段成矿流体为变质流体,与中生代扬子克拉通和华北克拉通发生陆陆碰撞诱发中—新元古代时期的俯冲板片变质脱水有关,成矿晚阶段流体有大气降水的混入。硫同位素表明硫来源于中—新元古代的沉积地层,是海相硫酸盐的还原产物,在晚阶段,由于大气降水的混入导致δ34S出现负值。瓦房铅锌矿床地质特征、成矿流体特征与造山型矿床相似,因此,瓦房铅锌矿床属于造山型铅锌矿床。     

云南金顶铅锌矿成矿流体特征与成矿作用

金顶铅锌矿位于兰坪盆地中部,控矿构造为金顶逆冲推覆构造。流体包裹体及硫同位素研究表明：矿区中的硫属于正常沉积系统,并具有有机生物成因的特点;成矿流体均一温度72.9~490 ℃,盐度为7.4%~16.9%,成矿压力85~230 MPa,成矿流体pH值5.36~7.09,Eh值为-0.44~1.17 V。矿床形成于新生代陆内汇聚构造背景,沘江断裂的长期活动与输送含矿物质热卤水,贯入到金顶穹隆构造,形成“金顶式”Pb-Zn矿床。     

新疆准噶尔北东缘扎格依库都克金矿床流体包裹体与同位素地球化学研究

扎格依库都克金矿床产于下石炭统黑山头组一套火山-火山碎屑岩中,矿体呈脉状、网脉状,含矿岩石主要为含硫化物的石英脉。围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化为主。流体包裹体显微测温显示成矿流体温度165°C^284°C,盐度集中于6~14%NaCL.eq。含金石英脉H、O同位素结果显示其早期成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合流体,中晚期以大气降水为主。矿石中黄铁矿S同位素具幔源硫特征。根据矿床地质特征与成矿流体性质,初步认为该矿床为浅成热液型金矿。     

吉林红旗岭富家矿床矿石矿物化学和硫同位素特征——对铜镍硫化物矿床成因及成矿过程的约束

本文对吉林红旗岭富家矿床中的矿石矿物进行了系统的矿物化学和硫同位素研究.矿石矿物共生组合主要为磁黄铁矿(Po)-镍黄铁矿(Pn)-黄铜矿(Cp)-黄铁矿(Py),其中Po有单斜磁黄铁矿(Mpo)、六方磁黄铁矿(Hpo)和六方陨硫铁(Tr)相之分,并以Mpo(低温相)为主;Pn有Pn(1)→Pn(2)→Pn(3)的演化趋势;Py有Py(1)→Py(2)→Py(3)→Py(4),均为同一矿化期的不同世代的产物.利用Py-Po矿物对计算出矿石矿物的结晶温度介于500~300℃之间,大致结晶顺序为Pn→Po→Cp→Py.硫同位素特征表明,δ34S值变化较小,介于-4.70‰~+2.40‰之间,δ34S值呈塔式分布,集中分布于-2.5‰~ +2.5‰之间,δ34s值略高于地幔硫(0±2‰),并有δ345Po>δ34S硫化物>δ34SPy的特征,表明硫来源于地幔,仅有微弱的地壳物质混染,且成矿熔体中硫已达到平衡.结合野外矿体特征和矿石组构特征,富家矿床的成矿物质来源于上地幔;成矿作用方式以岩浆熔离作用为主,兼具岩浆期后热液叠加成矿作用;矿床为通道式成矿,属于深部熔离-贯入式成因.     

蛇纹岩化对洋中脊超基性岩热液硫化物成矿的影响:来自青藏高原德尔尼铜矿床的启示

洋中脊超基性岩热液成矿系统通常与洋底核杂岩构造有关,多发育大型矿床,具有巨大的资源前景。然而,受大洋调查取样手段的限制,超基性岩蛇纹岩化对成矿的影响仍需进一步研究。德尔尼铜矿床是地质历史上该类矿床的典型案例,对于理解其成矿模式,以及大洋硫化物勘探具有指导意义。本文选取德尔尼铜矿床块状硫化物样品进行黄铁矿的S同位素分析,结果表明其δ³⁴S值主要分布在-0.4‰～+6.3‰。结合前人研究发现,形成于深部网脉状、条带状矿石中的δ³⁴S值为负值,而经历表层喷流和破碎作用的块状和角砾状矿石中的δ³⁴S值为正值,二者呈对称分布,这主要是由于还原条件下岩浆排气产生的SO_2和H_2S动态平衡并逐渐沉淀S^2-,表明蛇纹岩化提供的还原环境对热液系统演化产生了重要影响。然而,磁黄铁矿和矿床Ni的分布指示成矿物质中超基性岩的贡献较小,主要物质来源是洋中脊深部的基性岩浆,通过热液循环将物质运移至海底并喷流成矿。对比现今超基性岩赋矿的高温热液硫化物矿床,德尔尼铜矿床形成温度更低,代表了超基性岩赋矿热液硫化物中的中温端元,表明在距离拆离面一定距离(约2～4km)的位置也可能形成大型的热液硫化物矿床,这对于现今洋中脊热液硫化物勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

Double Convective Hydrothermal System beneath Massive Sulfide Orebody in Gacun Deposit,Southwestern China

The Gacun Kuroko-type deposit, Southwestern China, is hosted in rhyolitic rocks associated with the underlying mafic rocks occurred in the ～1000 m deep fault-hounded basin within the intra-arc rifting zone which formed on the Triassic Yidun island-arc. Two vertically separated alteration systems are recognized: one is conformable or semiconformable alteration zone developed in ～150 m thick mafic unit 1-1.5 km below the massive sulfde orehody; the other is discordant alteration pipe directly surrounded around stockwork ore within rhyolitic unit. The lower conformable alteration zone extending for several kilometers along strike is characterized by silicification and epidotization which result in the development of quartz vein and quartz-epidote vein systems in mafic lava flows and replacement of primary minerals and groundmass in spilitized mafic volcanics and dikes by quartz, epidote-group minerals and sodic plagiocluse. Sulfides often occur in the vein system and altered mafic volcanics. Quartz solubi     

Mineral Paragenesis, Fluid Inclusions and Sulfur Isotope Systematics of the Lepanto Far Southeast Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Mankayan, Philippines

Abstract: The Lepanto Far Southeast porphyry Cu‐Au deposit is located beneath and to the southeast of the Lepanto enargite‐luzonite Cu–Au deposit in Mankayan, Benguet Province, Philippines. The principal orebody consists of potassic alteration subjected to partial retrograde chlorite alteration that rims stock‐work of quartz‐anhydrite veinlets. Fluid inclusions found in stockwork quartz and anhydrite in the biotitized orebody center are dominated by polyphase inclusions that homogenize at temperatures of >500C. Sulfur isotopic thermometry applied to the sulfides‐anhydrite pairs suggests around 500C. The principal ore minerals associated with quartz‐anhydrite stockworks are chalcopyrite and pyrite with minor bornite and Bi–Te–bearing tennantite, with trace of native gold. Rounded pyrite grains appear fractured and corroded and are interpreted as remnants of primary intermediate solid solution + pyrite assemblage. A breccia pipe truncates the deposit. Mineralization in the breccia pipe is brought by quartz‐anhydrite veinlets and infilling in the interstices between clasts. Chalcopyrite‐Au mineralization associated with molybdenite is recognized in the deeper zone in the breccia pipe. Fluid inclusion microthermometry on polyphase inclusions in veinlet quartz as well as sulfur isotope thermometry applied for the pair of anhydrite and sulfides suggests >450C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz and anhydrite in the fringe advanced argillic alteration are chiefly composed of coexisting liquid‐rich inclusions and gas‐rich inclusions, in addition to coexisting polyphase inclusions and gas‐rich inclusions. These inclusions exhibit a wide range of homogenization temperatures, suggesting heterogeneous entrapping in the two‐fluid unmixing region. Sulfur isotopes of aqueous sulfide and sulfate exhibit a general trend from the smallest fractionation pairs (about 11%) in the biotitized orebody center to the largest fractionation (about 25%) pairs in the fringe advanced argillic alteration, suggesting a simple evolution of hydrothermal system. The slopes of arbitrary regression lines in δ³⁴S versus ³⁴S[SO₄ = –H₂S] diagram suggest that the abundance ratio of aqueous sulfate to sulfide in the hydrothermal fluid has been broadly constant at about 1:3 through temperature decrease. The intersection of these two regression lines at the δ³⁴S axis indicates that the bulk δ³⁴S is about +6%. Thus, the Lepanto FSE deposit is a further example which confirms enrichment in ³⁴S in the hydrous intermediate to silicic magmas and associated magmatic hydrothermal deposits in the western Luzon arc.     

太行山南段北洺河铁矿S、Pb同位素组成及其对成矿物质来源的示踪

北洺河铁矿是太行山南段邯邢地区主要铁矿床之一,属于二长闪长岩侵入中奥陶统石灰岩形成的典型矽卡岩型铁矿床。针对北洺河矿区矽卡岩和磁铁矿矿石进行了S、Pb同位素分析研究,并结合前人对岩体S、Pb同位素分析结果进行了成矿物质来源探讨。结果表明,北洺河铁矿成矿物质来源复杂,其中硫同位素δ34 S变化范围为12.2‰～16.5‰,明显偏离陨石硫范围,说明成矿物质来源与成矿围岩有关。特别是深部成矿流体在自下而上运移过程中,受围岩石灰岩地层中膏盐层的混染,体现出混合硫来源特点。铅同位素组成中,206Pb/204Pb=17.840～18.793,平均值为18.419;207Pb/204Pb=15.46～15.62,平均值为15.56;208Pb/204 Pb=37.927～39.301,平均值为38.730,表明铅的来源以下地壳铅源为主,兼混有少量幔源铅。     

青海驼路沟钴(金)矿床成矿物质来源的黄铁矿氦氩硫铅同位素示踪

为查明青海驼路沟新型独立钴(金)矿床的成因和成矿物质来源,文章对矿区发育的块状、条带状和浸染状黄铁矿矿石进行了黄铁矿流体包裹体氦氩同位素和黄铁矿硫、铅同位素测试。结果表明,不同类型矿石的成矿流体氦、氩同位素组成基本一致,3He/4He介于0.10~0.31Ra(平均0.21Ra),40Ar/36Ar比值为302~569(平均373),反映钴矿化流体主要来源于在赋矿岩系中深循环的大气降水;矿石黄铁矿硫同位素值分布集中且接近于零,δ34S变化于-4.5‰~+1.5‰,集中在-1.8‰~-0.2‰,显示深部来源;矿石铅以高放射性成因为特征(206Pb/204Pb>19.279、207Pb/204Pb>15.691、208Pb/204Pb>39.627),且自地层围岩→区域早古生代火山岩→矿石依次明显增大,可能指示高放射性成因矿石铅主要是由以深循环大气降水来源为主的热液不断从围岩地层中淋取而来。     

闽中梅仙式铅锌银矿床矿质来源的硫、铅同位素示踪及成矿时代

福建闽中地区是我国又一个新的、重要的火山岩容矿块状硫化物铅锌多金属成矿带。为查明梅仙式铅锌银矿床的金属成矿物质来源和成矿时代,本文对其中5个主要矿床进行了矿石矿物和围岩的硫、铅同位素测试和同位素地质年代学研究。结果表明,不同矿床矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成变化范围较小且平均值接近于零,δ34S介于-3.5‰~ 5.6‰,平均 2.0‰,表明硫主要为岩浆来源,火山直接喷发和从容矿火山岩中淋取皆是可能的机制。大部分矿床矿石铅以放射性成因为特征(206Pb/204Pb>18.140、207Pb/204Pb>15.584、208Pb/204Pb>38.569),且矿石铅同位素值均大于围岩,指示铅可能主要是由容矿火山岩淋滤而来。根据矿床地质特征和同位素地质测年数据,厘定出两次重要的铅锌成矿作用,即中-新元古代海底火山喷流沉积同生成矿(赋矿围岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb法、Sm-Nd等时线法和40Ar-39Ar法年龄介于933~1788Ma)和燕山期岩浆热液叠加改造成矿(侵入岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb和Rb-Sr等时线年龄为127~154Ma)。     

Evolution of Hydrothermal System at the Dizon Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Zambales, Philippines

Abstract. Evolution of hydrothermal system from initial porphyry Cu mineralization to overlapping epithermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu‐Au deposit in western central Luzon, Zambales, Philippines, is documented in terms of mineral paragen‐esis, fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and sulfur isotope systematics. The paragenetic stages throughout the deposit are summarized as follows; 1) stockwork amethystic quartz veinlets associated with chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite and Au enveloped by chlorite alteration overprinting biotite alteration, 2) stockwork quartz veinlets with chalcopyrite and pyrite associated with Au and chalcopyrite and pyrite stringers in sericite alteration, 3) stringer quartz veinlets associated with molybdenite in sericite alteration, and 4) WNW‐trending quartz veins associated with sphalerite and galena at deeper part, while enargite and stibnite at shallower levels associated with advanced argillic alteration. Chalcopyrite and bornite associated with magnetite in quartz veinlet stockwork (stage 1) have precipitated initially as intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss), respectively. Fluid inclusions in the stockwork veinlet quartz consist of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. Halite in polyphase inclusions dissolves at temperatures ranging from 360d?C to >500d?C but liquid (brine) and gas (vapor) do not homogenize at <500d?C. The maximum pressure and minimum temperature during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets are estimated to be 460 bars and 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet stockwork quartz enveloped in sericite alteration (stage 2) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. In addition to the possible presence of saturated NaCl crystals at the time of entrapment of fluid inclusions that exhibit the liquid‐vapor homogenization temperatures lower than the halite dissolution temperatures in some samples, wide range of temperatures of halite dissolution and liquid‐vapor homogenization of polyphase inclusions from 230d?C to >500d?C and from 270d?C to >500d?C, respectively, suggests heterogeneous entrapment of gaseous vapor and hypersaline brine. The minimum pressure and temperature are estimated to be about 25 bars and 245d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with molybdenite (stage 3) are dominated by gas‐rich inclusions accompanied with minor liquid‐rich inclusions that homogenize at temperatures between 350d?C and 490d?C. Fluid inclusions in vuggy veinlet quartz associated with stibnite (stage 4) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions with subordinate polyphase inclusions that do not homogenize below 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite (stage 4) are composed of liquid‐rich two‐phase inclusions, and they homogenize into liquid phase at temperatures ranging widely from 190d?C to 300d?C (suggesting boiling) and the salinity ranges from 1.0 wt% to 3.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. A pressure of about 15 bars is estimated for the dilute aqueous solution of 190d?C from which veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite precipitated. In addition to a change in temperature‐pressure regime from lithostatic pressure during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets to hydrostatic pressure during fracture‐controlled quartz veinlet associated with galena and sphalerite, a decrease in pressure is supposed to have occurred due to unroofing or removal of the overlying piles during the temperature decrease in the evolution of hydrothermal system. The majority of the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides ranges from ±0 % to +5 %. Sulfur originated from an iso‐topically uniform and homogeneous source, and the mineralization occurred in a single hydrothermal system.     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿S、Pb同位素组成:对含矿斑岩与成矿物质来源的指示

驱龙铜矿是西藏陆陆碰撞造山带冈底斯斑岩铜矿带内代表性矿床之一。本文对其含矿斑岩和矿石矿物进行了S、Pb同位素组成分析。驱龙矿床含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的硫同位素组成比较一致,含矿斑岩δ34S为-2.1‰~-1.1‰,黄铜矿δ34S为-6.3‰~-1.0‰,均值-2.76‰;硬石膏δ34S为 12.5‰~ 14.4‰,平均 13.4‰。成矿热液中的硫同位素基本达到了平衡,显示出岩浆硫组成特点。含矿斑岩的206Pb/204Pb范围为18.5104~18.6083,207Pb/204Pb变化于15.5946~15.7329之间,208Pb/204Pb为38.6821~39.1531之间;矿石矿物黄铜矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4426~18.5909、15.5762~15.6145、38.5569~38.8568。含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的铅同位素组成比较一致,它们的变化幅度较小,应具有相同的起源与演化历史。无论是岩石铅还是矿石铅,在铅构造模式图上均位于造山带铅演化曲线上。驱龙矿床硫、铅同位素数据暗示,成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆,含矿斑岩起源于西藏造山带加厚的下地壳熔融,具有幔源成分的混染。     

黑龙江省老柞山矽卡岩热液脉型金矿成矿流体演化模式

黑龙江省老柞山金矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段佳木斯地块的中北部,矿体主要赋存于华力西期花岗岩和燕山期闪长玢岩中,断裂控矿明显。老柞山金矿床属于矽卡岩-热液脉型金矿床,热液成矿期分为4个阶段,前3个成矿阶段均一温度和盐度变化范围分别为287~472℃,3.21%~50.85% NaCleqv;156~412℃,2.73%~42.65% NaCleqv;155~412℃,2.73%~8.13% NaCleqv。（铁）金矿化集中在Ⅱ阶段,金（铜）矿化集中在Ⅲ阶段,Ⅲ阶段是主成矿阶段。初始流体为含CO2的盐水体系,随着温压条件、pH值的变化,发生CO2、H2S等气体逃逸为特征的沸腾作用,而演化为盐水体系。前3个阶段流体沸腾作用以及后2个阶段岩浆驱动的大气降水溶液的作用导致金矿化。华力西期、燕山期岩浆活动导致成矿流体聚集,裂隙中发育的花岗岩和闪长玢岩在成矿过程中提供了一定的热液和物质来源。     

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿体主要赋存于上石炭统—下二叠统来姑组碳酸盐岩内的矽卡岩和矽卡岩化大理岩中,近东西向似层状产出。在分析该矿床成矿地质条件的基础上,系统地研究了矿石硫、铅同位素组成特征,探讨了成矿物质来源。研究表明,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成变化范围较窄,具塔式分布效应,估算得到成矿热液系统的总硫同位素值3δ4S∑S约为5.2‰,具有岩浆硫的特征;矿石铅同位素组成稳定,为正常普通铅,矿石铅来源于早白垩世上地壳物质部分熔融形成的岩浆。