2008年度地球物理与空间物理学科项目受理与资助成果

12007年资助项目概况2007年度地球物理与空间物理学科资助面上项目100项,平均资助强度为38.8万元/项;其中,小额项目5项,资助强度为13万元/项;资助青年基金32项,平均资助强度为19.3万元/项;资助地区基金2项,资助强度为16.5万元。资助国家杰出青年基金3项,海外青年学者合作研究基     

2012年度地理学基金项目评审与成果分析

着重分析2012年度面上项目、青年基金项目、地区基金项目及青年科学基金—面上项目连续资助项目的申请与资助情况,2011年度在研及结题项目的进展情况,申请过程及结题报告中暴露的问题;介绍了2011—2012年地理学学科"研究方向"、"关键词"编制及试用情况。     

2023年度大气科学领域项目评审与资助成果简析

国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部地球科学五处（大气学科）顺利完成2023年度集中接收项目的申请、评审、资助和结题等工作。从项目申请来看,2023年度大气学科收到面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目申请共计1 928项,较2022年度增加了6.1%,其中2项申请书因不合管理规范而不予受理,不予受理项目数较往年有所减少。收到国家杰出青年科学基金项目申请62项,优秀青年科学基金项目申请92项,受学部委托负责的“天气及气候系统与可持续发展”领域重点项目接收申请49项。从项目评审结果来看,面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目通讯评审综合评价得分较前两年有所提升。学科评审组会议继续试点分组讨论,以提高评审效率。会评专家明确“支撑技术”板块的定位,支持支撑技术相关研究。从资助情况来看,以上3类项目共资助417项,平均资助率为21.6%,较2022年度有所下降。从结题成果来看,2022年度这3类项目共结题319项,发表论文等指标与往年相当。     

2011年度地理学基金项目评审与成果分析

着重分析2011年度面上项目、青年基金项目及地区基金项目的申请与资助情况,2010年度在研及结题项目的进展情况,以及2012年度地理学基金管理将重点关注的问题。     

2012年度地球化学领域项目评审与资助成果

1 2012年度受理申请项目和同行评议情况2012年度面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目申请共841项,较2011年度增长24.0%。面上项目申请项数为478项(其中包括2012年新设立的青年科学基金—面上项目连续资助项目14项),占学部申请项目数的7.4%;青年科学基金     

中国地质大学国家自然科学基金面上项目申报工作成效显著

中国地质大学国家自然科学基金面上项目申报工作成效显著１９９５年度国家自然科学基金面上项目评审揭晓，中国地质大学共有３２项获资助，资助总金额３５７．５万元人民币，其中中国地质大学（武汉）有１８项，资助金额１８７．５万元；中国地质大学（北京）有１４项，资...     

武汉岩土所2011年获准26项国家自然科学基金项目

根据国家自然科学基金批准通知,中科院武汉岩土力学研究所2011年度共获准26项国家自然科学基金项目,其中,重点项目1项,国际合作与交流项目1项,面上项目12项,青年科学基金项目12项,获资助经费1395万元。2011年度,该所共申报国家自然科学基金项目80项,     

2019年度海洋科学与极地科学基金项目评审与资助成果分析

分析了2019年度国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部四处(资助范围:海洋科学与极地科学;申请代码:D06)所管理的面上项目、青年科学基金项目、地区科学基金项目、重点项目、国家杰出青年科学基金项目和优秀青年科学基金项目等的申请情况,总结了2018年度结题项目的完成情况,分析提出了2018年度主要学科方向取得的研究进展。     

2005年度大气科学项目管理与主要研究成果暨“十一五”发展战略和优先领域的制订

1 2005年度项目受理和资助情况 1．1项目受理情况 2005年度地球科学五处共受理各类项目463项，比2004年有较大幅度的增长。其中：面上项目435项（自由申请317项，青年科学基金99项，地区科学基金19项）；“天气、气候系统的物理动力学”优先资助领域重点项目8项；国家杰出青年科学基金（15项）与海外青年学者合作研究基金（5项）共计20项。     

国家自然科学基金地球科学面上项目15年资助情况分析

根据国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部1990—2004年基金项目年度统计资料,归纳总结了1990年以来15年期间地球科学领域面上基金项目的申请和资助数量与金额、项目平均申请与资助金额的变化规律;分析了自由申请项目以及青年基金项目和地区基金项目的资助规律;比较了地球科学领域分支学科申请和资助情况。分析表明：地球科学面上项目的资助数量不断上升,资助率多年平均为21.92%;资助强度年均增长14.15%,至2004年,项目平均资助强度已达30.03万元;各类面上项目中,以自由申请项目获资助数量最多,占资助总量的76%,其次为青年基金项目,地区基金项目所占比例最低,不足资助总量的4%;地球科学各学科面上项目申请和资助数量及金额均呈上升趋势,但具体资助情况互有差异,其中地理学和地质学申请和资助数量及金额占到所有面上项目总数的50%以上,但资助率却低于其他学科;各学科的项目平均资助强度每年增加幅度大约为1.80万元,在2000年之前,各学科的项目平均资助强度相差较少,但自2000年开始,地质学、地球物理学和地球化学成为高资助强度的3个学科。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.