辽东湾北部LH01孔晚更新世24Ka以来古环境演变

通过对辽东湾北部LH01孔柱状岩芯样品进行粒度、孢粉、有孔虫和测年多项环境指标测试,探讨了辽东湾北部晚更新世24ka BP以来的古环境演变。LH01孔沉积环境经历了晚更新世晚期河湖相沉积—全新世早期海陆交互相沉积—全新世中期浅海相沉积—全新世晚期河口滨海相沉积;气候经历了晚更新世晚期冷较干—晚更新世晚期凉稍润—新仙女木降温—全新世早期凉稍润—全新世中期温暖较润—全新世中期温暖较干—全新世晚期温较干的变化;LH01孔在大约7.5ka BP发生了盘山海侵。     

近15000年来南海东北部钙质超微化石特征及古海洋学意义

采用小珠标准法统计研究了南海东北部海盆边缘ＲＣ２６－１６站孔的钙质超微化石含量和组分丰度的变化特点，结合再沉积化石含量变化、分异度和溶解指数以及测年和氧同位素分析资料，确认新仙女木期发生于１１．４４～１０．４９ｋａ，其结束时间的再沉积化石丰度具有高峰值后突然下降的特点；全新世中期升温期或大暖期的出现时间为７．８０～５．２５ｋａ，具有化石丰度低而波动，分异度小，溶解指数高的特点；沉积速率由冰期向冰后期逐渐下降，就超微化石而论，其最高丰度值出现在沉积速率骤减处，而最低丰度值则可出现在沉积速率最大或最小期间。     

珠江三角洲ZK201-2孔晚更新世以来微体生物群与古环境

对珠江三角洲中山地区ZK201-2钻孔微体生物群的分布特征及壳体保存状况进行了研究,共发现有孔虫12属23种,介形类16属19种。根据优势属种的分布及部分特殊种的生态环境指示意义,识别出7个有孔虫组合和3个介形虫组合,分别指示了不同的沉积环境。应用上述分析结果,并结合岩性变化特征,恢复了晚更新世晚期以来研究区沉积环境演变过程。晚更新世晚期,在ZK201-2钻孔河床相砂砾沉积之上的细粒沉积物中发现海相腹足类及双壳类生物碎片,判断是受到海水影响的河口湾沉积;末次盛冰期海平面下降,原有海相沉积暴露地表风化形成杂色黏土沉积层;冰后期首先出现河漫滩至滨海河湾相沉积,未发现钙质微体生物化石;约9cal.kaBP后开始进入潮汐河口湾至前三角洲沉积阶段,沉积速率较快,有孔虫和介形类以壳体保存较好的半咸水-浅海种为主,其丰度、分异度及属种组合变化受海平面变化和河流输砂影响频繁;至全新世中期7cal.kaBP前后珠江三角洲中部出现最大海侵,有孔虫和介形类丰度、分异度值出现相对高值;全新世晚期海平面逐渐下降,研究区进入低速沉积阶段,依次发育河口沙坝、潮下带至滨海湿地、三角洲平原相沉积,期间发现多期风暴潮沉积,见大量异地分子。     

上海地区全新世沉积分区及其特征

本文依据上海地区的钻孔资料和实验数据,并以沉积分异的观点,阐述上海地区在晚更新世末期古地貌的基底上,由海面波动引起沉积物在纵向和横向上的变化,从而导致在层序上互异的沉积体。并将全新世沉积划分为两个沉积大区的五个沉积区。     

深圳湾北岸新民孔的Q_3~3-Q_4~1气候记录

对深圳湾北岸新民钻孔岩心沉积物中铁、钒元素、矿物鉴定的伊利石以及生物指标贝类介壳揭示的环境特征资料进行了分析,研究初步表明,该钻孔岩心沉积物理深12．12～10．91m层段的杂色花斑粘土中存有晚更新世晚期至早全新世气候波动的记录。钒元素和伊利石分析也得到了相应的证实。所记录的短期降温和升温事件可能表明,在第四纪末次冰期-冰消期中,气候曾强烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。这对研究晚武木冰期最低海面时期以来,海面回升及晚更新世晚期／早全新世的古环境方气候影响提供有价值的资料。     

现代黄河三角洲东北部(埕北地区)晚更新世及全新世地层的物理力学性质

依据在现代黄河三角洲东北海区(埕北地区)所取2个钻孔的详细资料,将本区地层自上而下分为全新世地层、晚更新世地层和底部的中更新世地层。上部全新世地层厚约15米,按沉积物的物理力学性质又可分为两个亚层:A亚层,0～9米是现代黄河三角洲沉积,含有许多含水量高强度低的软弱夹层;B亚层,9～15米,是全新世高海面时期的浅海沉积,其承载力较高。 15～65米为晚更新世地层,上半部均质性差,有软弱夹层。下半部较稳定,承载力超过20吨/米~2。晚中更新世地层(65米以下),经过长时期的固结作用,含水量较低,密度较高,承载力超过30吨/米~2。     

5000 aBP南部大洋南大西洋区南极表层水温急剧下降和浮冰扩张

我们根据南部大洋大西洋区南纬 53°活塞岩心分析结果重建南大西洋全新世南极表层水变化史。此岩心沉积速率较高 (全新世平均值为50 cm/ 1 0 3a) ,且位于亚南极的南大西洋 ,适用于古气候研究。钻位位于现代极地前缘带( PFZ)以南约 3°,冬季海冰边界以北约 2°。利用硅藻转换函数、硅藻内有机质的碳和氮同位素、粗粒沉积物 ( >1 50 μm～ 2 mm)中放射虫、有孔虫和浮冰碎屑相对丰度 ,对硅藻和有孔虫的氧同位素、二月表层海水和海冰盖层温度进行了测定 ,提供了 50 0 0 a BP表层水特征急剧变化的证据。1 0 0 0 0～ 550 0 a BP粗粒沉积物 ( >1…     

东海DC-1, DC-2孔古地磁研究

本文报道了东海DC-1,DC-2孔古地磁研究结果,表明DC-l孔26.9m岩芯及DC-2孔61.0m岩芯段均以正极性为主,属布容正极性世 (Brunhcs)。其中DC-l孔18.86-19.18m的反向磁化带(倾角为—49.29°),经~(14)C测年为距今115lO土570a;DC-2孔29.95—30.54m处反向磁化带(倾角为—40.5°),经~(14)C测年为距今10250±lOOa。可与哥德堡事件(Gǒthcnburg)对比。对比地磁年表,DC-2孔37.80—38.0m为反极性事件与蒙哥事件(Mungo event)相当,7l.20—74.44m划为布莱克事件(B1akc event)。据此计算全新世沉积速率为2.12—2.84m/1000a,晚更新世沉积速率为O.65一O.69m/1000a。     

珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积环境演化及其对人类活动的响应

滨海湿地作为人类活动和全球变化反应最为敏感的区域,其沉积记录可以反映出周边地区环境变化及人类活动信息。珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地钻孔分析结果表明,在中全新世期间淇澳岛附近海域为河口湾环境,在风化层以上开始出现淤积,但在4 200 a BP前后受极冷气候的影响,沉积物粗化;自2 500 a BP以来,沉积环境相对稳定,在小冰期期间略有变化。沉积速率计算结果显示:淇澳岛附近海域自中全新世高海面以来的平均沉积速率为0.29 cm/a,4 160~2 500 a BP、2 500 a BP-1488年、1488-1893年、1893-1986年、1990-2007年期间的平均沉积速率分别为:0.17 cm/a、0.23 cm/a、0.35 cm/a、1.37 cm/a和5.94 cm/a,沉积速率逐渐增大,反映了珠江三角洲演化过程中沉积相与沉积环境的变化;1986-1990年期间的海堤建造极大地扰动了该钻孔上部的沉积过程,在工程施工期间共沉积了厚度约112 cm的沉积层,而在海堤建成后,沉积速率也显著增大。沉积物总有机碳、总氮和C/N值的垂向分布表明,在4 160~2 500 a BP期间受海洋环境影响较大,沉积物中有机碳以海源为主,2 500 a BP以来沉积物中碳、氮含量明显增大,C/N也相应变大,有机碳主要来源于陆源输入,但在小冰期期间海源有机碳贡献略有所增大;近百年来由于受人类活动影响显著,陆源有机碳的贡献快速增加。     

南黄海辐射沙洲中心沿岸晚更新世以来的沉积环境演变

对南黄海辐射沙洲中心沿岸地区两个钻孔采用高密度、定量采样方法进行有孔虫和沉积分析。结果表明,该地区晚更新世晚期可能发育了古长江河道、河口、河流边滩或河漫滩以及泛滥平原乃至泛滥湖沼等陆相沉积环境。进入全新世,则先后依次出现了潮滩、河口、潮滩、潮流沙体和潮滩,及至最终成陆。     

An application of the A-4DEnVar to coupled parameter optimization

In variational methods, coupled parameter optimization (CPO) often needs a long minimization time window (MTW) to fully incorporate observational information, but the optimal MTW somehow depends on the model nonlinearity. The analytical four-dimensional ensemble-variational (A-4DEnVar) considers model nonlinearity well and avoids adjoint model. It can theoretically be applied to CPO. To verify the feasibility and the ability of the A-4DEnVar in CPO, “twin” experiments based on A-4DEnVar CPO are conducted for the first time with the comparison of four-dimensional variational (4D-Var). Two algorithms use the same background error covariance matrix and optimization algorithm to control variates. The experiments are based on a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model, in which the atmospheric part is the highly nonlinear Lorenz-63 model, and the oceanic part is a slab ocean model. The results show that both A-4DEnVar and 4D-Var can effectively reduce the error of state variables through CPO. Besides, two methods produce almost the same results in most cases when the MTW is less than 560 time steps. The results are similar when the MTW is larger than 560 time steps and less than 880 time steps. The largest MTW of 4D-Var and A-4DEnVar are 1 200 time steps. Moreover, A-4DEnVar is not sensitive to ensemble size when the MTW is less than 720 time steps. A-4DEnVar obtains satisfactory results in the case of highly nonlinear model and long MTW, suggesting that it has the potential to be widely applied to realistic CPO.     

CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein levels in digestive gland of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

CYP1A-immunopositive protein can be elevated in response to planar PAHs and PCBs in Mytilus sp. digestive gland whilst CYP3A-immunopositive protein has been associated with testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation in fish. Levels of CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein were determined in Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland microsomes collected from 12 sites in the Mediterranean Sea during May and September 2001. CYP1A-immunopositive protein was significantly highest at contaminated sites whilst CYP3A-immunopositive protein was significantly lowest. A weak negative correlation (r2 = 0.21) was seen between CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein. Little evidence of differences at the different sampling times was observed. These results confirm previous work indicating elevation of CYP1A-immunopositive protein in Mytilus sp. digestive gland at contaminated sites. Further study is required to characterise CYP3A-like expression in Mytilus and to elucidate the consequences of possible CYP3A-like down-regulation at contaminated sites.     

CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein levels in digestive gland of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

CYP1A-immunopositive protein can be elevated in response to planar PAHs and PCBs in Mytilus sp. digestive gland whilst CYP3A-immunopositive protein has been associated with testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in fish. Levels of CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein were determined in Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland microsomes collected from 12 sites in the Mediterranean Sea during May and September 2001. CYP1A-immunopositive protein was significantly highest at contaminated sites whilst CYP3A-immunopositive protein was significantly lowest. A weak negative correlation (r²=0.21) was seen between CYP1A- and CYP3A-immunopositive protein. Little evidence of differences at the different sampling times was observed. These results confirm previous work indicating elevation of CYP1A-immunopositive protein in Mytilus sp. digestive gland at contaminated sites. Further study is required to characterise CYP3A-like expression in Mytilus and to elucidate the consequences of possible CYP3A-like down-regulation at contaminated sites.     

海洋烷烃降解菌Alcanivorax sp.A-11-3的分离鉴定及其降解酶基因研究

从马六岬海峡的表层海水中分离到一株石油降解菌A-11-3.经16S rDNA Blast结果表明其与Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2具有最高相似性为96%,该菌可能是食烷菌属的一个新种.该菌具有很强的石油降解能力.结果表明,A-11-3对烷烃的降解范围较宽,能以C8～C36的烷烃为唯一碳源和能源生长;在7d内该菌对柴油的降解率达到49.5%.此外,还从菌株中克隆到了大小为426bp的烷烃羟化酶基因alkB片段和843bp的P450 烷烃羟化酶基因的部分序列.序列分析表明,alkB片段编码的氨基酸序列与A. borkumensis SK2T的AlkB1和AlkB2的同源性分别为57.75%和40.14%;该菌的P450与SK2菌株的P450具有最高同源性,为87%.研究结果对于海洋石油降解微生物生态研究及石油污染生物修复技术开发有参考价值.     

Seasonal variation in mussel Mytilus edulis digestive gland cytochrome P4501A- and 2E-immunoidentified protein levels and DNA strand breaks (Comet assay).

Mytilus edulis digestive gland microsomes were prepared from indigenous populations sampled from a clean reference site (Port Quin) and an urban-industrial contaminated site (Blackpool) in the UK. Samples were collected in March/April, May, August and December 1998. Western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal antibodies to fish CYP1A and rat CYP2E using partially purified M. edulis CYP as a positive control, to aid identification. CYP1A- and CYP2E-immunopositive protein levels showed different site-specific seasonal variation with higher levels of CYP2E determined in May (P < 0.05). At both sites, lower levels of CYP1A-immunopositive protein but not CYP2E-immunopositive protein were observed in the samples collected in December (P < 0.05). This correlated with lower levels of nuclear DNA damage (Comet assay expressed as per cent tail DNA) observed in December compared to August (P < 0.05).     

黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼的形态学比较研究

采集丹东近海的黑鳃梅童鱼29个个体和海洲湾近海的棘头梅童鱼30个个体,开展2种梅童鱼形态特征比较研究。对2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、臀鳍第一鳍棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔和耳石等部位进行拍照及形态描述,并进行了2种梅童鱼传统形态学的8个分节特征和14个量度特征的判别分析、主成分分析和单因子方差分析。结果显示:2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔颜色和耳石形态存在明显差异;除鳔侧枝数有明显差异外,其它可数性状均无显著差异。采用贡献率大的8个参数建立2种梅童鱼的判别公式,判别准确率达100%;黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼在外部形态可量数据上虽存在个别交叉,但仍能形成各自相对集中的组;在P=0.01显著性水平下进行单因子方差分析,结果2种梅童鱼在7个变量上存在显著性差异。     

透骨血竭散外敷对类风湿性关节炎大鼠滑膜VEGF、ApoA-1表达水平的影响

目的：探讨透骨血竭散外敷对大鼠类风湿性关节炎(RA)的治疗作用及机制。方法：将SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只随机分成正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组,每组各10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均予Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎造模法建立RA模型。确定造模成功后第2天开始进行药物干预,阳性对照组予扶他林软膏外敷,透骨血竭散组予自制透骨血竭散外敷,连续14d,正常组、模型组不予处理。观察各组大鼠关节红肿情况;腹主动脉取血,采用ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的表达;滑膜免疫组化分析重组人血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、血清载脂蛋白-1（ApoA-1）的阳性表达。结果：各造模组大鼠每周模型关节炎指数（AI）评分均≥6分,均有明显的RA临床症状和病理学改变;模型组IL-1β、TNF-α的表达量均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组大鼠IL-1β、TNF-α表达量降低,透骨血竭散组低于阳性对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组大鼠滑膜APOA-1m RNA表达量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组VEGF mRNA表达量均明显低于模型组（P＜0.05）,透骨血竭散组低于阳性对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：透骨血竭散外敷可通过抑制IL-1β、TNF-α及VEGF mRNA的表达量发挥治疗RA的作用,其对滑膜APOA-1的表达无明显影响。     

Gas-related morphologies and diapirism in the Gulf of Cádiz

Recently developed high-resolution profiling (multibeam, sonar) and surface sampling were used to map seafloor morphology of the Gulf of Cádiz middle continental slope. Multichannel seismic profiling has made it possible to elucidate the geologic origin of these features as well as the main triggering mechanisms of gas-related morphologies, principally mud volcanoes, carbonate mud mounds, pockmarks and slides. Throughout the entire Gulf of Cádiz, from the continental slope to the shelf and even on land, a close correlation between morphology and gas mobility and associated diapirism can be observed. The middle slope area is strongly deformed by several diapiric ridges, named Guadalquivir, Cádiz and Doñana. Most of the diapirs identified in this study are related to the Allochthonous Unit of the Gulf of Cádiz, a chaotic body emplaced during the Tortonian, containing salt and shale nappes affected by later gravitational extension collapse and reactivated compression thrusts. It can be proposed that diapirism and related tectonics provided gas migration pathways.     

Ba, Si, U, Al, Sc, La, Th, C and C/C in a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific as proxies of past biological production

A sediment core covering the last 145 kyrs was collected in the western subarctic Pacific (WSAP), and analyzed for Ba, U, Al, Sc, La, Yb, Th, biogenic opal (Opal) and organic carbon (C_org) as well as its isotopic ratio (δ¹³C). This study examined the change of past biological production in WSAP with multiple proxies, together with understanding the relation between Loess from the Asian continent and the biological production. The Loess content was estimated from the metal components, Al, Sc, La, Yb and Th. In this high latitude core (50°N), the Loess content was generally high during the glacial periods, but it was also high even in some interglacial periods. The excess amount of Ba relative to the detrital material composition, Ba_ex, showed the best correlation with the Vostok δD (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), indicating that the biological production was lower in the glacial periods than in the interglacials. This corroborates the pervasive correlation between Ba_ex in the polar region, WSAP and the Antarctic Sea, and Antarctic temperature, combined with previous research. This correlation might be explained by the stratification caused by cooling. In addition, the time variations of Ba_ex in WSAP were similar to those of Ba_ex in the Okhotsk Sea and of other proxies (C_org and Opal) in both the Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, indicating the spatial homogeneity of Ba_ex in WSAP including proximal marginal seas. The Opal content was more weakly correlated with the Vostok δD (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) than Ba_ex, reflecting that Opal in WSAP including proximal marginal seas was spatially heterogeneous compared to Ba_ex. While both the C_org content and U_ex, the excess amount of U relative to the detritus composition, were not positively correlated with the Vostok δD, they behaved similarly in the sediments. The positive correlation between δ¹³C and the Vostok δD (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), between δ¹³C and Ba_ex (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) and between δ¹³C and Opal (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) indicates that δ¹³C in WSAP may give some information on the phytoplankton growth rate. There was not a significant correlation between the spatially homogeneous Ba_ex in WSAP and Loess (r = − 0.16, p > 0.01), suggesting that the increase of biological production with the increase of Loess supply during the glacial periods did not occur.