一种特殊类型的云英岩:湘南香花岭地区癞子岭云英岩成岩成矿特征

癞子岭岩体具有极好的垂向分带性,从下部到顶部包括了花岗岩、云英岩和伟晶岩,其中云英岩以其厚度巨大,云母类型属于铁锂云母,黄玉含量高,W-Sn-Nb-Ta含量高,而区别于其他地区云英岩。通过对癞子岭云英岩进行岩石学、地球化学和矿物学的研究,本文得出:癞子岭云英岩是高硅的强过铝质岩石类型,全碱含量低(3~4.3 wt%),富集挥发组分,全岩Zr/Hf(~8)和Nb/Ta(~1.7)比值低。造岩矿物铁锂云母中Nb(~74×10~(-6))、Ta(~66×10~(-6))、W(~23×10~(-6))、Sn(~75×10~(-6))等成矿元素含量较高。副矿物锆石自形且成分均一,含有HfO_2约10 wt%,Zr/Hf比值最低为5,与云英岩下部的癞子岭钠长花岗岩中的锆石成分有连续过渡的关系。这些特征与南岭地区高演化稀有金属花岗岩或伟晶岩相当,体现了相近的演化程度。癞子岭云英岩中有明显的Nb-Ta-W-Sn成矿作用发生,主要形成铌铁矿族矿物、锡石和黑钨矿,成分和结构均具有岩浆成因特征。花岗质熔体中含有大量挥发组分Li和F,结晶出黄玉和Li-F云母,F在稀有金属的成矿作用和云英岩的成岩过程中发挥了非常重要的作用,成矿作用发生在岩浆演化的晚期并伴随有流体作用。因此,云英岩可能是钠长花岗岩高度分异演化之后的特殊产物,这为研究花岗岩岩浆-热液体系成岩成矿过程提供了新的窗口。     

滇西南云岭锡矿三叠纪花岗岩年代学、地球化学与云母矿物学特征: 对锡成矿的指示意义

云岭锡矿位于保山地块东缘的云岭花岗岩体内,含矿岩石主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,局部显示片麻状构造。本文锆石U-Pb定年结果表明云岭花岗岩侵位于222.8±1.3Ma,其SiO₂为64.83%~66.05%,K₂O为3.30%~3.72%,Na₂O为1.91%~2.19%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.26~1.30,显示过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征。花岗岩中岩浆锆石和继承锆石ε_Hf(t)值分别在-10.6~-13.9和-1.16~-23.8之间,对应t_DM2 (Ma)分别在1926~2138Ma和1951~3387Ma之间,表明岩浆主要来源于古老的地壳物质重熔。云岭花岗岩中Sn含量在4.3×10^-6~14.2×10^-6之间,花岗岩中岩浆黑云母Sn含量在5.8×10^-6~9.6×10^-6之间,蚀变花岗岩中的热液黑云母Sn含量为75.8×10^-6~244.0×10^-6,交代岩浆黑云母的热液白云母Sn含量为12.2×10^-6~16.4×10^-6,而石英脉中白云母的Sn含量为741.0×10^-6~1042×10^-6。对比华南和云南腾冲地区部分锡矿床和含锡花岗岩,云岭花岗岩演化程度低,且花岗岩及岩浆黑云母的Sn含量未显著富集,可能不是致矿花岗岩。云岭锡成矿作用可能与深部隐伏的花岗岩释放的富Sn岩浆流体有关。

     

新疆西准噶尔阿克图约克花岗闪长岩地球化学特征、锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄及地质意义

阿克图约克花岗闪长岩富黑云母,具较高SiO_2(61.53%~67.01%),低里特曼指数(1.8~2.25),富钠贫钾,A/CNK小于1,稀土元素总量中等(∑REE=64.64×10~(-6)~76.12×10~(-6)),弱Eu亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Th,K,Ba,LREE),亏损HREE和高场强元素(Ti,Ta,Nb,P),Nb/Ta小于1等特征。该岩体为钙碱性系列准铝质花岗闪长岩,并具I型花岗岩特征。岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.7±1.9)Ma,早于苏云河含矿岩体,为早石炭世洋壳俯冲背景下的火山弧花岗岩,暗示洋壳闭合时限晚于(329.7±1.9)Ma。     

广西栗木锡-铌-钽矿床中氟的作用及地表找矿评价标志

广西栗木多金属矿从上到下除有长石石英脉型锡-钨矿床、花岗伟晶岩脉型锡-钽-铌矿床外,还有含锡、铌、钽花岗岩原生矿床。本次对矿区内的地层、岩体、矿体中氟含量进行了研究并结合实验资料,认为燕山早期复式花岗岩体中富含的氟是成矿元素W、Sn、Nb、Ta的重要携带剂,对W、Sn、Nb、Ta从岩浆熔体中分出、迁移、富集及矿化分带起了重要作用,氟虽是寻找盲矿体的重要远程指示元素之一,但氟不是成矿元素,含矿岩体地表岩石中通常除有F、Be强异常外,W、Sn、Cu、Li等元素还会形成强异常组合;含矿岩体地表萤石-云母细脉带中硼（F）-般〉30000×10^-5,W（Be）〉1000×10^-6,W（Sn）〉300×10^-6,ω（W＋Sn）〉400×10^-6,F／（W＋Sn）和F／Sn〈110;含矿岩体地表长石石英脉带中W（F）〉10000×10^-6,ω（W）〉80×10^-6,W（Sn）〉500×10^-6,F／（W＋Sn）和F／Sn〈50;不合矿岩体的地表岩石及细脉带中各指标含量则与之相反。     

花岗质熔体结构的改变与稀有金属W-Sn-Nb-Ta的富集:以夏如早古生代花岗岩为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

藏南喜马拉雅造山带新生代高硅淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属元素(Nb、Ta、W、Sn、Be、Li等),成矿潜力大,是未来矿产勘探的重要靶区。除了新生代花岗岩,早古生代花岗岩分布广泛,具有和新生代花岗岩相似的地球化学特征,是否也具有成矿潜力,是有待深入研究的一个重要课题。夏如穹窿主体由早古生代花岗片麻岩以及侵入其中的新生代淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩组成,这些花岗岩具有与新生代高硅淡色花岗岩相似的地球化学特征,在Sn-W和Nb-Ta系统关系上,可以分成两组:一组富集W和Sn(W=5×10^(-6)~42×10^(-6),Sn=12×10^(-6)~35×10^(-6)),另一组富集Nb和Ta(Nb=23×10^(-6)~108×10^(-6),个别高达217×10^(-6),Ta=8×10^(-6)~38×10^(-6),个别高达143×10^(-6))。与富集W-Sn的花岗片麻岩相比,富集Nb-Ta的花岗片麻岩具有:(1)较高的Na_(2)O,为富Na花岗岩,(2)较低的K_(2)O、FeO^(T)、TiO_(2)、P_(2)O_(5)、Sr、Zr;(3)略微富集MREE,亏损LREE和HREE,显著的负Eu异常;(4)较高的Nb、Ta,但较低的W、Sn。元素的系统关系表明,这两类花岗片麻岩都是较原始岩浆经历了不同程度斜长石、锆石、云母等矿物分离结晶作用的产物,富集Nb-Ta的花岗片麻岩分异程度最高。夏如早古生代两类花岗岩的Nb/Ta比值都小于5,但富集W-Sn花岗岩中Zr/Hf>20,富集Nb-Ta花岗岩中Zr/Hf<20。随着花岗质岩浆的分异逐步增强,当Zr/Hf=20时,熔体结构发生实质性变化,花岗质熔体从富钾质变成富钠质,从富集W-Sn变成富集Nb-Ta。本研究表明,在喜马拉雅造山带,不仅新生代花岗岩,而且古生代花岗岩都富集稀有金属元素,熔体结构的改变是控制花岗岩富集稀有金属的主要因素。     

Columbia超大陆裂解：来自塔里木克拉通东南缘大红山A型花岗岩的证据

笔者对塔里木克拉通东南缘大红山花岗岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究。通过大红山花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS测年,获得207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1732.3±7.4Ma,全岩δ18 OV-SMOW为7.6‰~8.6‰。岩体富硅(SiO2=71.14%~75.85%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=8.32%~9.94%);稀土配分曲线呈显略右倾的"海鸥型"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.08~0.30);微量元素特征显示具有较高Rb(80.9×10-6~129×10-6)、Th(17.3×10-6~28.6×10-6)、Y(62×10-6~220×10-6)、Ga(28.1×10-6~44.6×10-6)和Nb(52.6×10-6~145×10-6)含量,较低的Sr(12.2×10-6~79.3×10-6)含量,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y和104×Ga/Al值均较高,具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。结合Sc/Nb-Y/Nb图解,大红山花岗岩为A1型花岗岩,是低压条件下形成。通过计算18个花岗岩样品的锆石饱和温度,TZr为732.45~1128.33℃,平均为916.3℃,属高温花岗岩。大红山花岗岩是由挤压体制向伸展转变过程的地质记录,是伸展构造背景下软流圈上涌或幔源岩浆底侵导致下地壳在高温低压条件下发生部分熔融形成,记录了塔里木克拉通在Columbia超大陆聚合后的高热事件,是克拉通大规模裂解初期阶段的痕迹。     

西藏错那洞淡色花岗岩地球化学特征、成岩时代及岩石成因

错那洞淡色花岗岩是西藏北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带的重要组成部分。通过地球化学分析揭示其具有富硅(SiO_2含量为74.20%~74.52%)、贫铁(Fe_2O_3含量为0.04%~0.20%,FeO含量为0.40%~0.58%)、贫镁(MgO含量为0.06%~0.14%)、钙碱性(σ为2.15~2.32)、强过铝质(A/CNK为1.11~1.15)的地球化学特征。稀土元素总量较低(∑REE为47.24×10~(-6)~57.59×10~(-6)),轻稀土元素富集(LREE为39.85×10~(-6)~49.23×10~(-6)),重稀土元素亏损(HREE为6.91×10~(-6)~8.68×10~(-6)),有明显负Eu异常(0.49~0.80);富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等高场强元素。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,错那洞淡色花岗岩形成中新世(21 Ma),属北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩晚阶段峰值期(24~12 Ma)产物。锆石εHf(t)值为负值,且变化较大(-3.92~-17.64),说明其岩浆源区为壳源,以变泥质岩为主,可能存在多种物质组分的混合。初始岩浆结晶温度应不超过675~702℃,构造背景为后碰撞环境,是高喜马拉雅结晶岩系在板片快速折返过程中发生减压熔融而形成的产物。     

东昆仑群力地区晚泥盆世A型花岗岩的年代学、地球化学和构造意义

报道了东昆仑群力地区正长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征,并对岩石成因及其构造意义进行了讨论。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明群力正长花岗岩体的形成时代为376.2Ma(MSWD=0.25),属晚泥盆世。岩石地球化学成分显示其属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质系列花岗岩。岩体富硅(SiO_2=74.61%～77.85%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.03%～7.94%)、高铁镁比(FeO~T/MgO=11.39～36.93)、贫钙(CaO=0.50%～1.01%)、贫镁(MgO=0.06%～0.20%);稀土配分模式表现为"海鸥型"分布特点,具有强烈的负铕异常(δEu=0.08～0.09);高镓含量(Ga=22.86×10~(-6)～27.06×10~(-6)),富集高场强元素组合(Zr+Ce+Nb+Y=720×10~(-6)～891×10~(-6))、亏损Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ta、Ti等;同时岩体具有高的锆石饱和温度(991℃～1 201℃)。综合岩石地球化学特征表明群力正长花岗岩体属于A型花岗岩中的A_2型花岗岩,结合区域研究成果,认为群力正长花岗岩形成于始特提斯洋闭合后的伸展构造背景。这一结果将始特提斯洋闭合后的伸展作用时限从中泥盆世延长到晚泥盆世。     

内蒙古呼仁木图门沃博勒卓地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

内蒙古自治区苏尼特左旗呼仁木图门沃博勒卓地区广泛出露晚石炭世花岗岩。笔者采用LA-MC-ICPMS对岩浆岩锆石进行U-Pb测年,获得了含黑云母二长花岗岩(317.0±1.6)Ma和(313.5±1.5)Ma 的侵位年龄,时代为晚石炭世巴什基尔阶—莫斯科阶;通过地球化学研究,发现研究区花岗岩样品为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,ΣREE含量介于110.77×10-6～147.29×10-6,轻、重稀土分馏中等,轻稀土富集,Eu负异常明显;大离子亲石元素Rb、Th和U等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf和Zr等略显富集,Ba、Sr和Ti相对亏损。综合前人研究成果,研究区含黑云母二长花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境。     

川西太阳河黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

为揭示松潘-甘孜造山带构造演化及花岗岩成矿作用特征,对太阳河岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年及地球化学研究。结果显示,岩性主要为黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗闪长岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(206.7±1.3)Ma,表明岩体形成于中生代印支末期。岩石的A/CNK为1.01～1.15,具有较低的Sr含量,Rb/Sr值较低,为0.12～0.36。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba相对富集,Sr元素则呈现出较为明显的负异常。高场强元素Nb、Hf、P亏损,La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Zr等呈正异常而明显富集。岩体稀土总量为238×10~(-6)～1057×10~(-6),轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。La_N/Yb_N值为39.85～192.16,δEu=0.64～0.92,δCe=0.89～1.06。岩石地球化学特征显示,该岩体具有过铝质S型花岗岩特征,源区为杂砂岩,形成于陆内汇聚-推覆造山阶段的后碰撞环境。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861