玉林市近50年来干旱的发生规律及防御对策

根据玉林市春、夏、秋三个季节干旱对农业生产的影响,参照历年的旱情资料,确定出干旱的农业气象指标,分析47a来干旱的时空分布规律和特点,并针对玉林市的具体情况提出一些防御干旱的对策。     

2004年玉林市龙眼花多果少的气象成因及对策

通过对2003／2004年度玉林市龙眼秋梢抽生期～开花着果期的农业气象条件进行诊断分析，得出2004年花多果少的主要原因是：2003年入秋以来，玉林市出现了历史上少有的秋、冬、春连旱，冬季和早春比较寒冷，在干旱和寒冷的双重作用下，有利于控制冬梢和促进花芽分化和抑制抽“冲梢”现象发生，普遍成花良好；但开花着果期却遭受了长时间阴雨天气和较剧列的温度波动，导致大量的落果。     

2004年玉林市龙眼花多果少的气象成因及对策

通过对2003/2004年度玉林市龙眼秋梢抽生期～开花着果期的农业气象条件进行诊断分析,得出2004年花多果少的主要原因是:2003年入秋以来,玉林市出现了历史上少有的秋、冬、春连旱,冬季和早春比较寒冷,在干旱和寒冷的双重作用下,有利于控制冬梢和促进花芽分化和抑制抽"冲梢"现象发生,普遍成花良好;但开花着果期却遭受了长时间阴雨天气和较剧列的温度波动,导致大量的落果。     

华北地区农业干旱预测模型及其应用研究

对华北地区冬小麦进行了水分胁迫实验，确定了冬小麦光合作用速率对水分胁迫的响应曲线，提出了农业干旱指数和农业干旱预警指数两个基本概念，在此基础上建立了具有明确生物学机理的华北农业干旱预测数值模式。对北京、石家庄、郑州和济南1998年至2000年432旬的农业干旱模拟结果表明:农业干旱预警定性准确率为90.7%，定量准确率在87.5%左右；此外，模拟表明模式也可以对区域农业干旱进行准确有效的预测。利用1961~2000年气象资料对北京等地区历年农业干旱进行数值分析，结果表明:不同于大气干旱，在自然气象条件下，北京等地区作物生长期内几乎每年都存在农业干旱现象，特别是冬小麦灌浆至成熟期每年均存在一次较为严重的农业干旱胁迫过程，但农业干旱胁迫程度年际间存在一定波动，功率谱分析表明其具有3~6年的周期变化规律。对平均气候状况下华北地区农业干旱进行了时空动态分析，结果发现在自然条件下，华北大部分地区冬小麦4月下旬至5月下旬，即大约在冬小麦开花、灌浆至成熟期，农业干旱胁迫指数存在一种自然的逐渐加强的动态过程，这与华北地区的农业生产实践是基本一致的。     

干旱灾害对粮食安全的影响及其应对技术研究进展与展望

干旱是当今世界出现频率最高、持续时间最长、危害范围最广的重大气象灾害，对全球农业、生态、社会发展和国民经济等影响巨大而广泛。农业旱灾是影响农业生产的重要因素，农业生产关乎着国家粮食安全。我国是一个农业大国，同时也是一个旱灾频发的国家，深入了解农业干旱灾害的成因、影响特征、旱灾强度、严重程度以及作物致灾的生理过程和机理等是提升农业干旱灾害监测预测预警水平、减轻和防御灾害损失、提高国家粮食安全生产需要解决的重要科学问题。本文综合回顾了国内外不同程度的农业干旱及其对粮食生产影响的最新研究进展，从农作物形态、生理、细胞和分子水平等方面探究了干旱影响特征及机制，围绕粮食生产如何有效应对农业干旱问题，评述了当前农业干旱监测的主要指标、方法、预警系统等，针对农业可持续发展和干旱新特征，讨论了当前防旱减灾和农业干旱应对的现状，强调了适应与减缓并举的一系列干旱应对措施，在此基础上结合国家、区域和行业发展需求提出了今后应着重加强的重要科学问题、研究对策及学科发展展望。     

玉林冬季气象灾害及农业结构调整策略

通过玉林市冬季主要气象灾害的分析,得出其霜冻和低温寒害的规律,找出玉林市几种主要经济作物的寒冻害指标;指出了进行农业结构调整的策略。     

玉林冬季气象灾害及农业结构调整策略

通过玉林市冬季主要气象灾害的分析,得出其霜冻和低温寒害的规律,找出玉林市几种主要经济作物的寒冻害指标;提出了进行农业结构调整的策略.     

利用土壤有效水分实现宁南山区干旱的实时监测

1引言干旱是我国农业生产上最严重的一种农业气象灾害。比较准确地描述干旱发生的程度，对于监测干旱的发生发展、及时采取防灾减灾措施至关重要。长期以来，许多科技工作者致力于干旱指标的研究，陆续提出了各种各样的指标，但由于影响干旱的因子比较复杂，至今仍没有统一的指     

2011年龙眼挂果率高的气象成因分析

通过对2010／2011年度玉林市龙眼秋梢抽生期一开花着果期的农业气象条件进行诊断分析,得出2011年挂果率高的主要原因是：2010年8-9月份的光温水条件配合较好对秋梢抽生相当有利,紧接着从10月份开始出现了秋、冬、春三季连旱,冬季和早春的气候也比较寒冷,在干旱和寒冷的双重作用下,非常有利于控制冬梢和促进花芽分化,也...     

叶尔羌河流域农业干旱分析

用农田水份平衡方程及干旱指标对叶尔羌河流域农业干旱特征进行分析，指出春旱是制约农业发展的重要因素，从１００百帕月平均高度及厄尔尼诺角度，探讨农业干旱的预报问题，得出了一些可以直接应用于农业旱情预报的指标。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.