铜、镍、铂族元素地球化学性质及其在幔源岩浆起源、演化和岩浆硫化物矿床研究中的意义

Ni、Cu和PGE具有不同于其他微量元素的特殊的地球化学性质,这些特殊的性质使得它们在幔源岩浆起源和演化以及岩浆硫化物矿床的成因研究中具有不可替代的作用。在S不饱和的条件下,Ni、Os、Ir和Ru具有相容元素的特性,而Cu和Pd是强不相容元素,因此,它们在玄武岩浆分离结晶过程中常常发生分异。一旦体系达到S饱和,这些元素则会强烈地进入硫化物熔浆,特别是PGE具有极高的硫化物熔浆/硅酸盐熔浆分配系数,极微量的硫化物熔离便可导致残余岩浆中PGE的显著亏损,因此,PGE是玄武岩浆硫化物熔离作用最敏感的示踪元素。硫化物熔离和成矿实质上是幔源岩浆特殊演化过程的结果,所以,Ni,Cu和PGE的特殊性质可用来探讨岩浆硫化物成矿的关键控制因素。Ni、Cu和PGE具有不同的单硫化物固溶体/硫化物熔浆分配系数,因此,它们也是硫化物熔浆结晶分异的重要示踪元素。本文试图从Ni、Cu和PGE地球化学性质和行为入手,并借助一些研究实例,对它们在幔源岩浆起源和演化以及岩浆硫化物矿床成因研究中的示踪意义进行系统介绍。     

Platinum-group element systematics in Mid-Oceanic Ridge basaltic glasses from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans

The concentrations of Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd have been determined in 29 Mid-Oceanic Ridge basaltic (MORB) glasses from the Pacific (N = 7), the Atlantic (N = 10) and the Indian (N = 11) oceanic ridges and the Red Sea (N = 1) spreading centers. The effect of sulfide segregation during magmatic differentiation has been discussed with sample suites deriving from parental melts produced by high (16%) and low (6%) degrees of partial melting, respectively. Both sample suites define positive and distinct covariation trends in platinum-group elements (PGE) vs. Ni binary plots. The high-degree melting suite displays, for a given Ni content, systematically higher PGE contents relative to the low-degree melting suite. The mass fraction of sulfide segregated during crystallization (X_sulf), the achievement of equilibrium between sulfide melt and silicate melts (R_eff), and the respective proportions between fractional and batch crystallization processes (S_b) are key parameters for modeling the PGE partitioning behavior during S-saturated MORB differentiation. Regardless of the model chosen, similar sulfide melt/silicate melt partition coefficients for Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd are needed to model the sulfide segregation process, in agreement with experimental data. When corrected for the effect of magmatic differentiation, the PGE data display coherent variations with partial melting degrees. Iridium, Ru and Pt are found to be compatible in nonsulfide minerals whereas the Pd behaves as a purely chalcophile element. The calculated partition coefficients between mantle sulfides and silicate melts (assuming a PGE concentration in the oceanic mantle at ∼0.007 × CI-chondritic abundances) increase from Pd (∼10³) to Ir (∼10⁵). This contrasting behavior of PGE during S-saturated magmatic differentiation and mantle melting processes can be accounted for by assuming that Monosufide Solid Solution (Mss) controls the PGE budget in MORB melting residues whereas MORB differentiation processes involve Cu-Ni-rich sulfide melt segregation.     

Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Characteristics of the Picrites and High-Ti Basalts in the Binchuan Area,Yunnan Province

The Binchuan area of Yunnan is located in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous province in the western margin of the Yangtze Block.In the present study,the Wuguiqing profile in thickness of about 1440 m is mainly composed of high-Ti basalts,with minor picrites in the lower part and andesites,trachytes,and rhyolites in the upper part.The picrites have relatively higher platinum-group element（PGE） contents（ΣPGE=16.3-28.2 ppb）,with high Cu/Zr and Pd/Zr ratios,and low S contents（5.03-16.9 ppm）,indicating the parental magma is S-unsaturated and generated by high degree of partial melting of the Emeishan large igneous province（ELIP） mantle source.The slightly high Cu/Pd ratios（11 000-24 000） relative to that of the primitive mantle suggest that 0.007%sulfides have been retained in the mantle source.The PGE contents of the high-Ti basalts exhibit a wider range（ΣPGE=0.517-30.8 ppb）.The samples in the middle and upper parts are depleted in PGE and haveε_Nd（260 Ma） ratios ranging from -2.8 to -2.2,suggesting that crustal contamination of the parental magma during ascent triggered sulfur saturation and segregation of about 0.446%-0.554% sulfides,and the sulfide segregation process may also provide the ore-forming material for the magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits close to the studied basalts.The samples in this area show Pt-Pd type primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns,and the Pd/Ir ratios are higher than that of the primitive mantle（Pd/Ir=1）,indicating that the obvious differentiation between Ir-group platinum-group elements（IPGE） and Pd-group platinum-group elements（PPGE） are mainly controlled by olivine or chromites fractionation during magma evolution.The Pd/Pt ratios of most samples are higher than the average ratio of mantle（Pd/Pt=0.55）,showing that the differentiation happened between Pt and Pd.The differentiation in picrites may be relevant to Pt hosted in discrete refractory Pt-alloy phase in the mantle;whereas the differentiation in the high-Ti basalts is probably associated with the fractionation of Fe-Pt alloys,coprecipitating with Ir-Ru-Os alloys.Some high-Ti basalt samples exhibit negative Ru anomalies,possibly due to removal of laurite collected by the early crystallized chromites.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.     

Genesis of the Permian Baimazhai magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China

The ~260 Ma-old Baimazhai Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposit in the Jinping region, Yunnan, SW China, is hosted in a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion, which intruded Ordovician sandstone and slate. The intrusion is concentric with lens shape, about 530 m long, 190 m wide and 24 to 64 m thick, trends 296°, and dips 22°NE. The massive sulfide ore body forms the core of the intrusion and is surrounded by variably mineralized orthopyroxenite, websterite and barren gabbro. The proportion of gabbro, websterite, orthopyroxenite and massive ore is approximately 30, 30, 20 and 20 vol.%, respectively. Magmatic pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite make up more than 90% of the massive ores. The massive ores contain high Ni (1.6 to 4.2 wt%) and Cu (0.4 to 6.5 wt%) and low ∑PGE contents (85 to 524 ppb). They have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 6.7 to 530, Pd/Pt ratios from 0.7 to 2.6 and Cu/(Pd×1,000) ratios from 31 to 400, which are comparable with those of the silicate rocks [Pd/Ir = 4 to 183, Pd/Pt = 0.7 to 3.5, and Cu/(Pd×1,000) = 100 to 400]. Similar Pd/Pt and Cu/Pd ratios of the silicate rocks and massive ores throughout the intrusion indicate a single sulfide segregation event. Excess sulfide melt segregation resulted from intensive crustal contamination that formed Si-rich and Mg-rich basaltic magmas in a deep-seated staging chamber before magma emplacement. The immiscible sulfide melts and the silicate melts were eventually evacuated from the staging magma chamber by compressive forces. Flow differentiation under high velocity concentrated the sulfide melts toward the middle of the magma flow, and consequently, formed a massive sulfide ore body in the central part of the intrusion. Low concentrations of PGEs and general absence of platinum-group minerals in the massive ores may have resulted from a relatively large mass fraction of the sulfide melts (e.g. R-factor = ~70) in Baimazhai compared with other intrusions elsewhere, such as Noril’sk-Talnakh with a R-factor of >10,000.     

阜新中生代火山岩的铂族元素特征——以碱锅和乌拉哈达为例

采用镍锍火试金法结合ICP—MS分析了碱锅玄武岩和乌拉哈达高镁安山岩样品中的Ir．Ru、Rh、Pt和Pd的含量。原始地幔标准化后的PGE分布模式呈正斜率型，Pd／Ir值高于相应的地幔比值，表明铂族元素发生了分异，这是由于在部分熔融过程中，Ir存在于地幔矿物相尖晶石和合金中，而Pd赋存于硫化物中造成的，乌拉哈达高镁安山岩中的铂族元素还可能在结晶分异过程中受到先期结晶的矿物相和合金的影响。阜新火山岩Pt的负异常可能是包含Pt的金属合金残留在地幔中造成。     

金川超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征

对金川超大型铜镍岩浆硫化物矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素地球化学特征研究表明 ,金川岩体的平均Cu/Pd值远大于原生地幔岩浆的Cu/Pd值 ,说明其岩石为因硫化物析离而失去Pd的岩浆所结晶 ;且岩石的PGE具有部分熔融趋势 ,与地幔橄榄岩接近 ,这些均指示存在岩浆熔离作用。该矿床岩石、矿石的PGE球粒陨石标准化分布模式比较对应 ,均可分为两种类型 ,反映了岩浆多次侵入、熔离分异同时成岩成矿的特征。另外 ,PGE S关系分析表明其成岩成矿过程中有少量地壳物质混染。PGE地球化学特征参数还指示了其高镁拉斑玄武质母岩浆的性质。     

喀拉通克铜镍矿床铂族元素地球化学特征及其成矿作用意义

喀拉通克铜镍矿床位于准噶尔板块北缘,矿区主要矿体赋存于Y1-Y3号岩体中。矿石构造类型为致密块状和浸染状两大类,其中前者与后者呈贯入接触,不同浸染状类型之间为过渡关系。岩石和矿石的PGE总量偏低,且以PPGE为主,IPGE含量较低。整体上岩石中的PGE含量显示随基性程度降低而变小。矿石中的PGE含量随硫化物含量增加增大,显示PGE主要分布于硫化物熔离形成的物相中。100%硫化物计算后,矿石PGE含量平均仅为573×10^-9。各岩体中浸染状矿石PGE组成并无明显差异;岩石和矿石具有相似的PGE分配模式,均属于Pt-Pd配分型。岩石Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir关系以及岩石地球化学资料显示,形成喀拉通克岩体的初始岩浆为MgO含量较高的玄武质岩浆,属于PGE不亏损的岩浆。基于PGE不亏损的大陆拉斑玄武岩初始岩浆推算,喀拉通克矿床母岩浆明显亏损PGE,而深部硫化物熔离可能是导致母岩浆PGE亏损的主要原因。岩石和矿石Pd/Pt比值总体特征,岩石Cr与Ni、Ir、Ru和Rh相关性,以及硫同位素和岩石学资料分析表明,初始岩浆在地壳深部发生的橄榄石、铬铁矿等矿物的分离结晶作用,可能是促使硫过饱和与深部熔离的主要因素。IPGE与PPGE分异特征及其相关分析,结合矿床宏观地质特征,推断该矿床浸染状矿的成矿作用经历了初始岩浆（PGE不亏损）→橄榄石等矿物分离结晶→硫化物深部熔离→成矿母岩浆（PGE亏损）→上侵并结晶分异的成矿过程。块状矿则可能是这一过程中PGE亏损的成矿母岩浆相对滞后熔离形成的硫化物熔体贯入的结果。     

岩浆型Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床研究的几个问题探讨

文章简述了岩浆型Cu—Ni—PGE硫化物矿床的主要特点和研究现状,探讨了矿床的成矿机制,认为其成矿的首要条件是岩浆中硫达到饱和而使硅酸盐岩浆与硫化物熔体发生熔离。综述了如何利用同位素方法确定其成矿物质来源,介绍了如何判别硫饱和度的方法。     

新疆北山地区两个含铜镍镁铁—超镁铁质岩体铂族元素地球化学研究

对北山地区坡一和罗东含铜镍的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体铂族元素研究表明,两个岩体的铂族元素(PGE)总量较低,PPGE较IPGE富集,原始地幔标准化模式呈正斜率,均较原始地幔亏损,具Ir和Rh的弱负异常。较低的Pd/Ir比值表明岩石主要受岩浆作用控制,后期热液作用影响不明显。两个岩体的原生岩浆均为MgO 含量较高的PGE不亏损的拉斑玄武质岩浆,较高的Cu/Pd、Ti/Pd比值表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了硫化物的熔离。罗东岩体早期矿物相（橄榄石、铬铁矿）的分离结晶作用对岩浆中的硫达到饱和具有重要的贡献,而坡一岩体该作用对硫化物熔离的贡献不明显。坡一和罗东岩体的R值表明两岩体均具有达到中型Ni矿床的潜力。     

Geochemical characteristics of the platinum-group elements in the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion,Sichuan Province,China

The contents of the platinum-group elements (PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) in the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion have been determined using ICP-MS after nickel sulfide fire assay preconcentration. Different samples show significant differences in absolute PGE abundance. They display a pronounced negative incline in mantle-normalized patterns which are characterized by strong enrichment in IPGEs (Os, Ir, Ru) and depleting to slight enrichment in PPGEs (Rh, Pt, Pd). The characteristics of PGE distribution in the Abulangdang rocks are due to the combined action of sulfide and non-sulfide (spinel/chromite or alloy or micro-granular aggregation of metals). In comparison with the mafic-ultramafic rocks which host Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), it is assumed that the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion may be the product of early-stage magma activity in the ELIP.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Metallogenesis of the Qingkuangshan Ni‐Cu‐PGE Mineralized Mafic‐Ultramafic Intrusion in Huili County,Sichuan Province,SW China

The Qingkuangshan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, located in the Xiaoguanhe region of Huili County, Sichuan Province, is one of several Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The ore-bearing intrusion is a mafic-ultramafic body. This paper reports major elements, trace elements and platinum-group elements in different types of rocks and sulfide-mineralized samples in the intrusion. These data are used to evaluate the source mantle characteristics, the degree of mantle partial melting, the composition of parental magma and the ore-forming processes. The results show that Qingkuangshan intrusion is part of the ELIP. The rocks have trace element ratios similar to the coeval Emeishan basalts. The primitive mantle-normalized patterns of Ni-Cu-PGE have positive slopes, and the ratios of Pd/Ir are lower than 22. The PGE compositions of sulfide ores and associated rocks are characterized by Ru depletion. The PGE contents in bulk sulfides are slightly depleted relative to Ni and Cu, which is similar to the Yangliuping Ni-Cu-PGE deposit. The composition of the parental magma for the intrusion is estimated to contain about 14.65 wt% MgO, 48.66 wt% SiO2 and 15.48 wt% FeOt, and the degree of mantle partial melting is estimated to be about 20%. In comparison with other typical Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the ELIP, the Qingkuangshan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit has lower PGE contents than the Jinbaoshan PGE deposit, but has higher PGE contents than the Limahe and Baimazhai Ni-Cu deposit, and has similar PGE contents to the Yangliuping Ni-Cu-PGE deposit. The moderate PGE depletions in the bulk sulfide of the Qingkuanghan deposit suggest that the parental magma of the host intrusion may have undergone minor sulfide segregation at depth. The mixing calculations suggests that an average of 10% crustal contamination in the magma, which may have been the main cause of sulfide saturation in the magma. We propose that sulfide segregation from a moderately PGE depleted magma took place prior to magma emplacement at Qingkuangshan, that small amounts of immiscible sulfide droplets and olivine and chromite crystals were suspended in the ascending magma, and that the suspended materials settled down when the magma passed trough the Qingkuangshan conduit. The Qingkuangshan sulfide-bearing intrusion is interpreted to a feeder of Emeishan flood basalts in the region.     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道型矿体地质地球化学特征

金川铜镍硫化物矿床6行富铜（铂族）矿体曾因Cu、Pt、Pd等含量明显高于相邻其它矿体而被认为是岩浆期后热液叠加作用的产物,研究发现,空间上该矿体受断层构造控制,在矿石组构、矿物组成和硫同位素组成方面与相邻岩浆融离型1号矿体一致,显示了该矿体岩浆成矿作用的特征。在元素地球化学方面,6行富铜（铂族）矿体的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd含量及Cu/Ni比值明显高于1号主矿体,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru却明显低于后者,同时,前者相对富含LREE,轻、重稀土分异程度高于后者。根据硫化物结晶分异过程中金属元素分配规律及稀土元素特征,阐明了6行富铜（铂族）矿体为岩浆通道型矿体,是岩浆硫化物晚期结晶的产物。矿区中西部存在的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd、Au等含量高,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru含量低的部位,是寻找岩浆通道型矿体的有利部位。     

Fractionation of platinum, palladium, nickel, and copper in sulfide–arsenide systems at magmatic temperature

Experimentally derived phase relations of arsenide in sulfide melt are presented to quantify the fractionation paths of As-bearing sulfide melts. When a natural sulfide melt reaches arsenide saturation, a separate Ni–PGE-rich arsenide melt exsolves. The arsenic saturation concentration in an Fe–Ni–Cu sulfide melt is between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%. The affinities of the chalcophile metals for an immiscible arsenide melt follow the order Pt > Pd > Ni ? Fe ≈ Cu. In natural systems, arsenide exsolution will be triggered by the activity of the nickel arsenide components dissolved in sulfide melt, Ni being the most common base metal with strong affinity to the As^n? anionic species. Arsenic may have a major effect on the fractionation paths of sulfide melts even if no separate arsenide phase forms. Arsenic, and probably many other chalcogens and metalloids in magmatic melts, may undergo associations with Pt and Pd well before discrete PGE minerals become stable phases.     

河北高寺台杂岩体铂、钯地球化学分布和异常特征

在高寺台超镁铁杂岩体发现了2种铂族元素异常:一种异常分布在杂岩体纯橄榄岩或橄榄岩带的镁质超基性岩中,与已知的含铂族铬铁矿有关,与已知的铬、钴、镍等矿化主金属的强异常密切共生。在这种异常中,钯呈甚低的背景分布,w(Pt)/w(Pd)大;另一种铂族元素异常呈带状沿杂岩体透辉岩带及其中的剪切带分布,其异常特征是铂、钯异常密切共生,w(Pt)/w(Pd)近于1,并且,在这种异常中,不伴生铬、镍等元素的强异常。这是一种新的铂、钯等元素的地球化学富集和矿化。研究表明,采用岩石、土壤、水系沉积物铂、钯地球化学勘查技术,可以发现难识别的铂族矿化。     

新疆东天山土墩铜镍硫化物矿床岩石地球化学和铂族元素特征及其对成矿的指示意义

为了探讨土墩铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿岩浆来源、岩浆演化过程以及硫化物熔离成矿作用,文章对土墩矿区内不同类型的岩石进行了岩石地球化学特征的研究,认为该矿床的成矿岩浆属于拉斑玄武岩浆系列。岩浆在岩浆房和/或侵位过程中存在着分离结晶作用,并且,在其上升演化过程中可能经历了同化混染作用。首次对该矿区内岩石和矿石的铂族元素地球化学特征开展了研究,发现其岩石及矿石具有一致的物质来源;岩石及矿石的PGE总量都较低,配分模式都为左倾富集PPGE的Pt-Pd型。根据Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir图解和地球化学特征,认为土墩岩体的原始岩浆应是低程度地幔部分熔融岩浆,是MgO含量较高的PGE不亏损的玄武质岩浆。根据Cu/Pd值较高,可以推断土墩矿床的成矿母岩浆在演化过程中经历了深部硫化物部分熔离的过程,这可能是导致该矿床PGE明显亏损的原因之一。同时,根据Cr与PGE和Ni的相关关系,认为其母岩浆可能经历了铬铁矿的分离结晶作用,这也许是导致该矿床硫化物发生熔离作用的重要因素。结合Ti/Y-Zr/Y相关图解及东天山区域地质演化史,笔者认为,土墩矿区的成矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体是形成于碰撞后的拉张环境。     

中国西部典型铜镍矿床亲铜元素特征对比

通过对喀拉通克、黄山东、金川和白马寨4个铜镍矿床亲铜元素特征进行比较,结果发现所有矿床具有相似的左倾原始地幔标准化配分模式和铂族元素明显亏损的共同特点;其亲铜元素质量分数却明显不同,铂族元素质量分数最高的金川铜镍矿床以Ni为主,喀拉通克矿床则表现为Cu占优势;矿床的初始岩浆为铂族元素不亏损的玄武质岩浆,应是地幔岩石较高程度部分熔融的产物;少量硫化物预先熔离是造成中国铜镍矿床成矿母岩浆亏损铂族元素和w（Cu）/w（Pd）远大于原始地幔（w（Cu）/w（Pd））的控制因素;不同程度（量）的硫化物熔离导致母岩浆中亲铜元素质量分数不同,R值低不是主要原因;早期发生硫饱和可能是铜镍矿床成矿的必要条件,成矿的关键可能在于新鲜岩浆的不断补给;少量硫化物预先熔离结合不含矿岩石亏损铂族元素,暗示这些矿区深部具有找矿潜力。     

新疆北山红石山含铜镍镁铁-超镁铁质岩体PGE和Re-Os同位素地球化学特征及成矿意义

对新疆北山地区红石山镁铁-超镁铁质岩体中含铜镍的硫化物矿石和岩石进行了铂族元素和Re-Os同位素地球化学特征研究,结果表明,矿石及岩石的铂族元素(PGE)总量较低,变化于0.54×10-9~15.84×10-9之间。较低的Pd/Ir比值表明岩石主要受岩浆作用控制,后期热液作用影响不明显。较高的Cu/Pd和Ti/Pd比值表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了硫化物的熔离。岩体的母岩浆为有早期结晶橄榄石加入的高镁的玄武质岩浆。γOs(t)的变化较大,变化于-282~+282之间,表明有较多的地壳物质混入。地壳物质混染和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶可能是引起岩浆中的S达到饱和进而熔离的重要因素。红石山岩体是经历了结晶分异和硫化物熔离后橄榄石的堆积体与残余岩浆演化的混合体。     

煎茶岭与金川硫化镍矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征对比及其意义

采用ICP—MS方法分析了煎茶岭和金川硫化镍矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素含量,煎茶岭岩体蛇纹岩的Cu／Pd比值低于原生地幔岩浆,说明岩浆熔离作用较弱,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较小,指示其多数矿石属于岩浆型,以岩浆成矿作用为主;而金川岩体的平均Cu／Pd比值远大于原生地幔岩浆,表明岩浆熔离作用强,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较大,体现了钯族元素矿化及成矿物质以幔源为主的特征。煎茶岭在成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染,整体上岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较低,这与岩浆熔离作用弱、铂族元素成矿作用不发育等因素有关;金川在成岩成矿过程中也有少量地壳物质的混染,但岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较高,反映了以岩浆深部熔离成矿作用为主的特征。     

北大别白垩纪镁铁－超镁铁岩的铂族元素地球化学研究

采用镍锍火试金法结合ICP-MS分析了12个北大别白垩纪镁铁-超镁铁岩样品的Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt和Pd的含量,结果显示铂族元素（PGE）的含量较低,原始地幔标准化后的PGE分布模式呈正斜率型,PPGE相对原始地幔略微亏损,而IPGE强烈亏损,Pd/Ir值远高于相应的地幔比值。这些镁铁-超镁铁岩中PGE的强烈分异是地幔低程度的部分熔融过程中,PPGE主要受硫化物控制,而Ir则存在于非硫化物相如尖晶石,可能还有合金之中造成的。同时,铂族元素的分布特征表明这些镁铁-超镁铁岩是岩浆结晶分异的产物。