东北太平洋中国合同区悬浮颗粒物元素地球化学

利用ICP-MS对东北太平洋中国合同区3个测站分层采集的悬浮颗粒物的元素组成进行了测试,对Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Sr、Ba和Pb等12种元素的含量分布及其地球化学特征进行了研究和对比。结果表明,水体中悬浮体总量(TSM)一般低于0.3mg/dm3,12种元素含量从几百到不足0.01μg/dm3。其分布以500和5000m为界可分为3层。元素中Al和Ti可作为陆源元素指标,Sr和Ba可作为生源元素指标,Pb主要来源于人类活动。在西区,Na、Mg和Ca主要为生源元素,Mn、Fe、Co和Cu主要为陆源元素。在东区,Na、Mg和Cu为多源元素,Ca、Mn、Fe和Co以陆源为主。颗粒物物源及供应量是颗粒物和元素含量分布的控制因素。西小区海底火山活动强烈是影响两区元素组分差异的直接因素之一。     

南海中部表层沉积物的元素地球化学

根据1983年9月—1984年7月所调查的南海中部91个表层沉积物中Fe,Mn等18种元素分析并结合其它资料的详细研究结果表明:(1)南海中部沉积物具有在近海—深海环境下形成的半深海沉积物的地球化学特征;(2)元素含量分布规律是,Al,K,Fe,Mg,Cu,Ce,Ni,Ba,Mn,Zn,Pb,N含量从陆架外缘到陆坡直至深海递增;Ca,Sr,C_(有机)从陆架外缘到陆坡含量渐增,由陆坡向深海锐减;Si和Ti含量在陆坡低、陆架外缘和深海高;(3)因子分析得出三种元素组合,即常量元素Al,Si,K,Fe,Mg,Ti,微量元素Cu,Co,Ni,Mn,Ba和Ca,Sr,C_(有机),N组合;(4)沉积物元素组成和含量的主要控制因素是沉积物类型。     

亚北极海区表层沉积物中多种金属离子的富集特征及影响因素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对白令海北部、楚科奇海和加拿大海盆等亚北极海域表层沉积物中13种金属元素(Fe,Mn,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Ba,Ag,Pb和U)的含量进行测定,结合富集系数(EF)和因子分析结果,探讨研究区的亚北极海域沉积物中各金属元素的可能影响因素。结果表明,在楚科奇海和加拿大海盆是Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ba,Ag,Fe,Mn,Al和Pb高值区,低值区大多出现在白令海北部;而U和Cd的高值区主要出现在楚科奇海北部,并表现出含量向加拿大海盆逐渐降低的趋势。EF分析结果显示:在目标海区的沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Ag,Ba,Co,Ni和Pb未见富集;而Cr,Cd,Zn和U则表现出轻度富集。因子分析对于金属元素的聚类划分结果与通过EF计算对于金属元素富集程度的区分结果相吻合,因此Al,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Ag和Pb可能主要受到陆地岩石和土壤风化的影响;Cr,Cd和U主要受到陆源输入和人类活动影响,即人类活动是造成亚北极地区沉积物金属元素富集的重要原因;而Ba主要受生物活动影响;Fe和Zn不仅受自然来源和人为来源共同作用,还可能受到生物活动的影响。     

粤西湛江港海底沉积物重金属的分布特征与来源

2004年9月23日至10月5日对湛江港海洋沉积物中金属元素的含量及分布进行了调查。共采集样品20个,采用王水-氢氟酸消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中的金属元素As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Al、Ca、Fe、Mg和Mn。结果发现,湛江港大多数区域的沉积物未受污染,但霞山区港务局码头附近海域受到Cd、Cu和Pb的轻度污染,特呈岛养殖区也受到Cu的轻度污染。主成分分析结果表明,Al、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn主要通过陆源输入进入近岸水域的沉积相中,Ca、As、Mg和Mn主要通过海洋环境中水相和沉积相的相互作用进入沉积相中。结合其它调查结果认为,湛江港的Cd污染在水相、沉积相和生物相中均已存在,应引起有关部门的高度重视。     

南海铁锰结核(壳)的元素地球化学研究

本文利用南海11个铁锰结核(壳)样品的化学分析资料,研究了铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cr,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si,P,Al,Ti,Sr,Ba及∑REE的元素地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)铁锰结核(壳)以高Fe,∑REE,低Mn,Cu,Co,Ni等元素为主要特征;(2)铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn间无明显相关,而Fe与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈弱的正相关,Mn与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈明显的正相关,结壳中Fe,Mn与Si,Al,Cu Co Ni呈负相关;(3)结核(壳)中Mn/Fe与Cu/Ni,Ce/La呈负相关,Mn/Fe主要受Mn控制;(4)结核(壳)中Fe,∑REE等元素主要来自南海陆源中酸性岩类的风化、淋滤和沉积。     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中部分金属元素赋存形态研究

2014年6月在长江口及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法对Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe金属元素的赋存形态进行分离,即分作可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CARB)、铁锰氧化物结合态(ERO)、有机结合态(OSM)和残渣态(RES)并测定了含量。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中的Cr主要赋存在OSM态中,Mn主要赋存在CARB态中,Ni在OSM态和ERO态含量相当,Co、Cu、Zn、Al和Fe元素主要赋存在ERO态中。长江口及其邻近海域D断面表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe元素的非残渣态含量随着离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。ERO态金属元素随着沉积物中铁锰水合氧化物的含量的升高而增加,且ERO-Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al与铁锰水合氧化物含量之间有较好的相关性,说明这些金属元素受到铁锰水合氧化物的影响。各金属元素非残渣态总量与ERO-Fe含量之间相关性也较好,说明各元素非残渣态受控于其各自主要的赋存形态。     

东海陆架晚第四纪沉积物化学成分及物源示踪

东海陆架EA1孔和EA5孔沉积物化学成分变化范围较大。与东海陆架表层沉积物相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Al,Mg,Mn,Ti,P,Ba,Zr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr明显偏高，而Fe,Na,Ca,Sr,Li,U明显偏低，与全球大陆地壳化学组成相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Li,Rb,Ba,Th,Zr,Hf,Cu,Zn,Pb偏高，而Al,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Ti,P,Sr,U,Co,Ni,V,Cr偏低，钻孔沉积物的化学成分在垂向上具有明显变化，主要受岩性和沉积环境的控制，钻孔沉积物中元素的富集因子（EF）均小于10，接近于1，表明钻孔沉积物主要来自大陆地壳，一些元素因分异或外来物质加入而富集，一些元素则因分异带出而亏损，钻孔沉积物源区的DF值判别表明，钻孔沉积物与现代黄河，长江沉积物均有亲缘关系，可能是在末次冰期最盛期，由于气候带南移，干旱区域扩大，在古长江搬运沉积物中类似现今黄河沉积物的干旱组分明显增加，从而导致了地球化学示踪结果的长江与黄河双重性，或者说古气候的变化导致了古长江搬运物质成分的变化。     

海南岛小海潟湖沉积物的地球化学特征

小海潟湖沉积物的大部分元素含量与花岗岩类的元素含量接近,沉积物的Ni,B,Sr的含量和Sr/Ba比值显示出陆源沉积物的特点。V,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb之间的相关系数为0.83—0.98,这些元素共同与有机质富集于沉积物的粉砂、粘土粒级之中。从潟湖边缘到中心,Cr/V,Cr/Ni,Cr/Cu比值从大变小,Ni/Co比值从小变大的规律变化可以指示物质从潟湖边缘迁移至潟湖中心。     

南海中部沉积物的元素地球化学特征

本文通过对南海中部112个沉积物样品中的22种元素地球化学的研究,认为:(1)主要元素Si(包括自生硅)、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Ti、Na、K等,基本上受沉积物类型的控制,陆坡碳酸盐和深海粘土两大类型的沉积物,其矿物组分的差异和相对数量决定了各主要元素的分布;(2)以陆源碎屑成因为主的深海粘土类较有利于微量元素的富集,但微量元素含量与典型大洋沉积物相比,表现出地区差异性。文中通过对各微量元素的相关性、赋存状态以及共生组合分析,提出Ni、Cu、Zn、Co、Pb等重金属元素部分通过铁锰胶体粒吸附,部分通过粘土矿物吸附而富集;B、Ti、Zr、Cr、V主要为粘土吸附;Sr与Ca同属生物成因聚集;Ba除与生物作用有关外,尚与Cu、Pb、Ag共生并与海底火山活动密切相关;(3)有机碳和氮含量除与生物量有关外,它们与沉积物粒度和氧化还原环境的关系不明显。     

珠江口底质元素含量分布特征及其地球化学意义

珠江口底质常、微量元素分析结果表明, 富含Si、Al、K、Mg、Fe和Ti等元素的陆源物质构成本区沉积物主体, 主要元素氧化物平均含量分别为SiO261.16%, Al2O314.74%, Fe2O35.72%, TiO20.88%, MgO1.84%, K2O2.63%, CaO2.70%, CaCO34.79%。底质元素含量与沉积物粒度组成关系密切, 主要元素Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ba在西北部近岸区以及伶仃洋中部细颗粒沉积区内富集; 而SiO2、CaO、Zr、Sr则在西南部和东南部粗颗粒沉积区富集。控制本区沉积物地球化学特征的因素主要有物质来源、沉积环境、水动力条件、沉积物粒度、矿物组成以及元素自身地球化学性质等。     

红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究

对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。     

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika,Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value >1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed >80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.     

南黄海和东海北部沉积物的地球化学 Ⅱ、微量元素的地球化学特征

本文对黄海中南部10个沉积物样品和东海北部24个沉积物样品用等离子光谱做了Ba、Be、Co、Cr、Ga、Li、Mn、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、V、Zn、Y和Yb的分析,并对该区沉积物中元素的丰度和不同类型沉积物中微量元素的分布规律做了研究。通过对区内微量元素与主要元素的相关图解分析表明,大多数微量元素与主要元素Al、Mg、K呈正相关,其高值区与粘土沉积物相一致,低值区与粉砂质沉积物相吻合;Be、Sr、Mn的高含量与粘土沉积物无关     

南沙海槽南部海区表层沉积物重金属元素含量及其影响因素

南沙海槽南部海区表层沉积物重金属元素表现为亲陆性,丰度为:Ba>Sr>Zn>Ni>Zr>Pb>Cr>Cu>Co,浓集程度为Ba>Sr>Cr>Zr>Pb>Zn>Co>Ni>Cu,元素Cu-Zn,Cu-Ni,Cu-Ba及Ba-Zn呈明显正相关,Cu,Ni,Ba,Zn,Cr与水深变化关系较为密切。元素与CaCO3含量、氧化物含量、粒度组成的相关系数表明:（1）Pb,Co,Zr,既存在于陆源碎屑矿物晶格中,又以吸附状态被黏土吸附,还受碳酸盐沉积影响。（2）Sr,主要受生物碳酸盐沉积作用影响。（3）Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Ba,主要受黏土的吸附作用及铁锰氧化物的影响。     

Phosphorus and metals bound to organic matter in coastal sediments - An investigation of complexes of P,Cu, Zn,Fe, Mn,Ni, Co and Ti by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry with sephadex gel chromatography

Phosphorus and metals bound to organic matter were separated from coastal sediments of Harima Sound in Seto Inland Sea, Japan by extraction with NaOH and fractionated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Phosphorus and metals were determined in the eluates by a multi-channel, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Phosphorus and Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti bound to organic matter with high molecular weights (OMHMW) (MW ? 5000) were found to be present in the sediments, but no Mo or V were found. The technique provides minimum estimates of the amounts of P and metals bound to organic matter. These organic complexes show surface enrichment in a sediment core (0–20 cm) and their contents decrease with depth. Also, the amounts of eighteen elements, namely: P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Si, Al, Ti, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Na, K, Ca and Mg, in H₂O, ammonium acetate at pH 7 and 5, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrogen fluoric acid soluble fractions have been determined with a selective chemical leaching technique for the ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediment core sample. Considerable amounts of P (6–19%) and Cu (5–21%) were associated with organic matter, in contrast to other metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti which were associated with sulfide and silicate.     

Elemental composition of zooplankton in the Kara Sea and the bays on the eastern side of Novaya Zemlya

The chemical composition of zooplankton in the Kara Sea Basin has been studied. Independent samplings of the open sea and the Blagopoluchie and Tsivol’ki bays of Novaya Zemlya testify to the similarity of the distribution pattern of all the studied elements. The chemical composition of samples is predominated by organic carbon (49.5 ± 4.8% of dry weight). The other most important constituent elements are Na, P, S, K, Mg, and Ca. Their average total concentrations are 4.82 ± 0.1%. From an analysis of the composition of major and trace elements of zooplankton in the Kara Sea and the bays of Novaya Zemlya, three groups of elements have been specified: with similar (С_org, K, S, P, Al, Ti, Sc, Cd, Se, Cs, and Rb), lower (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ba, B, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Co, Sb, Mo, Ag, Be, Ga, and Hg), and higher (Li, As, and U) contents compared to their mean concentrations in ocean zooplankton.     

Contribution of abiogenic and biogenic particles to trace-metal composition of phytoplankton assemblages in seawater of Shimizu Port, Japan

The contribution of abiogenic and biogenic particles to trace-metal (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, and Zn) composition was investigated for phytoplankton (primarily diatoms) collected in Shimizu Port, a coastal seawater region. Except for Cd, the trace metals occurred predominantly in lithogenic or nonlithogenic abiogenic particles associated with plankton. In contrast, it is likely that Cd in seawater is taken up intracellularly, and not adsorbed extracellularly by phytoplankton. The lower P-normalized quotas of Cd in Shimizu Port than in offshore regions may be because plankton are dominated by diatoms.     

胶州湾沉积物地球化学特征的初步研究

关于胶州湾沉积物的地球化学研究,迄今未有报道,本文拟做一尝试.文中揭示了胶州湾表层沉积物的化学成分特征,对部分微量元素的地球化学特征进行了初步探讨,并对比分析了胶州湾同其它海湾沉积物在地球化学特征方面的异同点.