北黄海冷水团季节变化特征分析

利用2006—2007年春、夏、秋、冬4个航次的CTD数据,对北黄海冷水团的季节变化及其消长过程进行了分析.结果显示:春季,冷水团特征开始出现,6℃冷水占据了调查区域的1/3,冷水团中心的盐度值大于32 psu.成山头以东的高盐水舌主轴从冬季的124°E西移至123.3°E处;夏季,北黄海冷水团特征最为明显,核心温度约6℃,盐度高于32 psu,盘踞在50 m等深线以深的深槽中,温、盐呈现明显的双峰结构.与前人的结果相比,本文低温中心的位置偏东;秋季,北黄海冷水团强度减弱,但仍存在2个低温中心,并且高盐中心位于38.5°N,122.5°E附近;在垂直方向上,冷水团与上层水之间以温跃层为分界:温跃层春季时形成,位于20～30m;夏季达到最强,跃层在10～20m;秋季减弱,跃层深度降至30～40m;至冬季温跃层完全消失.     

北黄海冷水团季节变化特征分析

基于2006至2007年“908”项目执行期间春夏秋冬共四个航次的CTD温盐数据,针对四个季节底层大面及大连一成山头断面温度和盐度的分布特征,分析了北黄海冷水团的季节变化,初步探讨了其消长过程,并与历史资料相比较,发现了关于北黄海冷水团的新问题。研究表明：夏季,北黄海冷水团温度和盐度与历史资料相比,低温中心位置存在东偏,但低温中心温度和盐度变化不大。春季,32．8psu高盐水舌主轴位置较冬季偏西约75km,123．5°E以东的原冬季盐度高值区的范围向北延伸的势力大减,退化为较弱的小高盐水舌冬。冬季,北黄海冷水团已经消失,黄海暖流呈舌状向北延伸。秋季,减弱的北黄海冷水团存在两个中心温度约9℃的低温中心。     

北黄海冷水团温度年际变化研究

本文基于1976—2006年国家标准断面(大连—成山头)调查资料,结合ECMWF气温、风速以及辐射等再分析资料,研究了北黄海冷水团的低温中心以及北部锋面的年际变化规律,并对其与气候年际变化信号的关系做了相关性分析以及EOF分析,研究了影响北黄海冷水团的诸多因素。研究结果表明,北黄海冷水团及其北部锋面强度存在明显的年际变化特征,北黄海冷水团中心最低温度具有升温趋势,北部锋面强度具有减弱趋势。分析发现,前冬海温,当地气温,经向风场以及辐射通量都对来年北黄海冷水团的强度存在影响,东亚冬季风的年际变异是影响北黄海冷水团温度年际变化的主要机制,El Nio、La Nia事件成熟期滞后于北黄海冷水团最低温度的相对低值、高值出现,ENSO通过与东亚冬季风的相互作用与北黄海冷水团相联系。     

北黄海冷水团温、盐多年变化特征及影响因素

基于1976~1999年的海洋调查资料,主要研究了北黄海冷水团温、盐的多年变化特征,并结合该时间区间内黄河径流量及海洋站的气温、风速等资料探讨影响北黄海冷水团温、盐变化的因素.结果表明,北黄海冷水团在这24 a间温度稍呈上升趋势(0.005℃/a),盐度升降趋势则不明显.其温度主要受冬季气温影响,黑潮现象会使温度变异.盐度主要受黄海暖流、渤海热通量、海域冬季大风的共同作用;黄河径流量可能不是影响北黄海冷水团盐度变化的主要因素,但其径流量的大幅度变化也会影响北黄海冷水团的盐度变化趋势.     

夏季黄海冷水团冷源估算及开发方式分析

通过分析2011年8月的出海调查数据,绘制了不同断面上的温度分布图及调查海域底部的温度分布图,基本了解了黄海冷水团西边界的空间分布特征;根据热力学及流体力学的基本理论,在忽略热量传递次要项的前提下,通过计算海水在输运过程中的"冷量"损失,得到了黄海冷水在输运过程中的温度变化情况;进一步结合青岛地区海水源热泵技术的具体应用情况,分析探讨了黄海冷水团的开发利用前景。结果表明:黄海冷水团边缘距离岸边较近,约20~40km,在冷水输运过程中"冷量"损失较小,管道内部末端水温仅升高5℃~6℃,并且青岛地区已经具备相对成熟的海水温差能利用技术,这些都为黄海冷水团的开发利用提供了理论与现实基础。     

夏季北黄海冷水团多年变化特性分析

本文根据横贯北黄海冷水团的大连一成山角断的４２年观测资料，采用“相似系数”方法分析了北黄海冷水团的分布范围、低温中心位置、厚度、相对体积、温、盐等特征等多年变化特征。根据诸特征的标准离差，将这４２年北黄海冷水团划分为强、弱和平年三种情况。     

黄海冷水团夏季叶绿素垂向分布结构的影响机制

通过求解海冷水团叶绿素一维模式控制方程，首次对风搅拌混合、潮混合和光衰减强度的影响机制进行了解析研究。结果表明，湍流湿合过程和光的衰减强度对叶绿素夏季垂向分布结构具有重要影响。增强海面风搅拌合作用的结果，导致叶绿素表层分布趋于均匀；增强潮温合，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置向海面抬升；减少光的衰减强度，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置下沉。     

北黄海冷水团对獐子岛微微型浮游生物分布的影响

Picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island(northern Yellow Sea)was investigated by monthly observation from July 2009 to June 2010.Three picoplankton populations were discriminated by flow cytometry,namely Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes.In summer(from July to September),the edge of the northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM)resulting from water column stratification was observed.In the NYSCWM,picoplankton(including Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes)distributed synchronically with extremely high abundance in the thermocline(20 m)in July and August(especially in August),whereas in the bottom zone of the NYSCWM(below 30 m),picoplankton abundance was quite low.Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes showed similar response to the NYSCWM,indicating they had similar regulating mechanism under the influence of NYSCWM.Whereas in the non-NYSCWM,Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes exhibited different distribution patterns,suggesting they had different controlling mechanisms.Statistical analysis indicated that temperature,nutrients(NO3–and PO43–)and ciliate were important factors in regulating picoplankton distribution.The results in this study suggested that the physical event NYSCWM,had strong influence on picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea.     

北黄海冷水团环流结构探讨──潮混合锋对环流结构的影响

简述北黄海冷水团环流结构研究现状，指出已有研究成果中的主要问题，然后用一个诊断模型给出了冷水团环流结构，得到冷水团环向主要存在于海洋上层接近冷水团边界处，径向运动也主要存在于断面两端，上层为离岸流，下层为向岸流；冷水团中心的上升流极为微弱，且仅存在于海洋上层，温跃层下的冷水团中心区域的流动极为微弱，几乎为“死水”一般，上述环流结构对冷水团中心部分的温、盐度长期保持不变及跃层底部溶解氧最大值的形成和     

夏季北黄海冷水团多年变化特征分析

本文根据横贯北黄海冷水团的大连—成山角断面的４２年观测资料，采用“相似系数”方法分析了北黄海冷水团的分布范围、低温中心位置、厚度、相对体积、温、盐特征等的多年变化特征。根据诸特征的标准离差，将这４２年北黄海冷水团划分为强、弱和平年三种情况     

黄海冷水团邻近海域浮游植物的昼夜垂直变化

于2006-10-19~20日在黄海南部海域进行定点(123°30′E,33°00′N)采样观测,用Uterm hl方法分析了浮游植物群集的垂直分布时间序列变化。研究结果表明:铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautiiGomont)为最优势种,其他优势种依次为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata(Ehrenberg)Cleve)、圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula Meunier)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow)和佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii Grunow)。硅藻在物种丰富度上占优势。调查期浮游植物细胞丰度介于(1.111~2 042.889)cells mL-1,平均值为192.756 cells mL-1。浮游植物细胞丰度垂直分布特征是表层水体最高,10m层迅速降低,底层最低。浮游植物细胞丰度随时间具有一定的波动,10月19日12:00和10月20日0:00在表、底层水体各出现2个细胞丰度峰值,10 m层的2个峰值比表、底层均滞后3 h。调查期浮游植物群集各层差异明显。     

北黄海营养盐结构及限制作用时空分布特征分析

根据2006-07～2007-10 4个航次的调查资料,分析讨论了春、夏、秋、冬四季北黄海营养盐结构分布变化特征及营养盐限制状况.结果表明:春夏季表层,10 m层N/P,Si/N和Si/P值分布变化较大,呈现辽东半岛和山东半岛近岸高中部海域低的分布态势,高值区分别自鸭绿江口和夹河河口向外扩散,且均高于Redfield比值.秋冬季表层N/P,Si/N和Si/P值明显降低,且分布变化不大.10 m层,底层各季节分布相近,高值区位于鸭绿江口和夹河口附近.营养盐结构的分析表明,北黄海海域春夏季大部分站位表层浓度低于浮游植物生长的最低阈值,且春、夏、秋三季主要是受P的潜在限制,冬季营养盐限制状况消失.     

北黄海温盐分布季节变化特征分析

利用2006～2007年夏冬春秋4个季节北黄海的大面调查资料,分析了4个季节北黄海温度和盐度大面以及典型断面分布特征,得出以下结论:2007年冷水团势力范围强于2006年,北黄海冷水团的形成受地形影响.黄海暖流冬春季较强,冬季最强,夏季最弱,秋季开始形成.鲁北沿岸流冬季最强,春季减弱,夏秋季消失,但夏季鲁北沿岸存在冬季鲁北沿岸流水的残余体,即鲁北沿岸水.辽南沿岸水4个季节都以低盐为特征,除夏季低盐中心位于庄河口外,其它3个季节低盐中心均位于调查区域的东北角.渤海与北黄海之间的水交换4个季节都存在.春季,断面盐跃层形成滞后于温跃层;秋季,断面盐跃层消失滞后于温跃层.     

夏季北黄海水体浊度分布特征的初步研究

应用2007月7月国家908专项北黄海区块水体调查获取的浊度资料,与同步获得的悬浮物质量浓度进行拟合分析,结果表明,中底层水的相关系数在0.94以上,表层相关度较差.根据调查海域浊度的水平大面分布及选取的6个典型断面的垂直分布,初步阐述了夏季北黄海水体浊度的分布特征——近岸高和底层高,山东半岛北部沿岸、成山角海域和老铁山水道以及庄河河口附近海域为高浊度区.夏季北黄海冷水团对水体浊度分布具有控制性影响:调查海域水体垂向层结稳定,北黄海冷水团海域中下层表现为高盐、低温、高密特征,水体浊度小,且浊度锋面的分布与温度较为相近.同时,夏季北黄海冷水团对悬浮物的分布起到了屏障作用——在山东半岛北部沿岸和辽东半岛南部沿岸阻止了近岸悬浮物的经向输送,而在山东半岛东部沿岸则阻止了近岸悬浮物的纬向输送.     

Seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) Cold Water Mass

Samples were collected with a plankton net in the four seasonal cruises during 2006-2007 to study the seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest part of Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass (HSCWM, Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass). The spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition, biomass, abundance and biodiversity were examined. A total of 122 zooplankton species and 30 pelagic larvae were identified in the four cruises. Calanus sinicus and Aidanosagitta crassa were the most dominant species, and Themisto gaudichaudi and Euphausia pacifica were widely distributed in the HSCWM area. The spatial patterns of non-gelatinous zooplankton (removing the high water content groups) were similar to those of the total zooplankton biomass in autumn, but different significantly in the other three seasons. The seasonal means of zooplankton biomass in spring and summer were much higher than that in autumn and winter. The total zooplankton abundance averaged 283.5 ind./m~3 in spring (highest), 192.5 ind./m~3 in summer, 165.5 ind./m~3 in autumn and 65.9 ind./m~3 in winter (lowest), and the non-gelatinous groups contributed the most total abundance. Correlation analysis suggests that the non-gelatinous zooplankton biomass and abundance had a significant positive correlation in the whole year, but the relationship was insignificant between the total zooplankton biomass and abundance in spring and summer. The diversity index H of zooplankton community averaged 1.88 in this study, which was somewhat higher than historical results. Relatively low diversity in summer was related to the high dominance of Calanus sinicus, probably due to the strongest effect of the HSCWM in this season.     

黄海冷水团海域浮游植物磷胁迫的季节变动

The Yellow Sea is located between the China Mainland and the Korean Peninsula, representing a typical shallow epicontinental sea. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（YSCWM） is one of the most important physical features in the Yellow Sea. The characteristics of vertical profiles and seasonal variations of biogenic elements in the YSCWM may lead the variations of nutrient availability（e.g., phosphorus） and phosphorus stress of phytoplankton. In this study, the authors surveyed the seasonal variations of phytoplankton phosphorus stress with emphasis on the effect of the YSCWM during the four cruises in April and October 2006, March and August 2007. Using both bulk and single-cell alkaline phosphatase activity（APA） assays, this study evaluated phosphorus status of phytoplankton community, succession of phytoplankton community and ecophysiological responses of phytoplankton to phosphorus in the typical region of the YSCWM. With the occurrence of the YSCWM, especially the variations of concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP）, the results of bulk APA appeared corresponding seasonal variations. Along Transects A and B, the mean APA in August was the highest, and that in March was the lowest. According to the ELF-labeled assay＇s results, seasonal variations of the ELF-labeled percentages within dominant species indicated that diatoms were dominant in March, April and October, while dinoflagellates were dominant in August. During the four cruises, the ELF-labeled percentages of diatoms except Paralia sulcata showed that diatoms were not phosphorus deficient in April 2006 at all, but suffered from severe phosphorus stress in August 2007. In comparison, the ELF-labeled percentages of dinoflagellates were all above 50% during the four time series, which meant dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium and Scrippsiella, sustained perennial phosphorus stress.     

2006年夏季北黄海海域磷的形态和分布

通过对2006年夏季对北黄海的现场调查,对该海域磷的形态和分布特征进行了探讨.结果表明: 夏季北黄海海域总磷(TP)浓度的变化范围是0.00～1.63 μmol/L,其中溶解无机磷(DIP)是最主要的存在形式,占TP的44%,溶解有机磷(DOP)略低,颗粒磷(PP)最少,总磷的分布呈现由南向北逐渐增高的趋势.北黄海海域水体中各种形态磷(除DOP外)均是表层低于底层,表底层PP的含量相差不大, 表层以DOP为主要存在形态,而底层则以DIP为主,大部分DIP浓度高的区域恰好是DOP浓度的低值区,一定程度上存在着负相关关系(r=-0.34).这样的分布趋势除了受生物活动的影响外,在底部海域还与黄海冷水团密切相关.     

黄海冷水团的化学水文学特征

Based on the field data obtained during summer cruises in 2006, the overall perspective of chemical and hydrographic characteristics of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) are discussed through the crossYSCWM transect profiles and horizontal distributions of hydrological and chemical variables, with emphasis on the differences between the northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM) and the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(SYSCWM). The results show that YSCWM is characterized by low temperature(10°C) and dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration, high salinity(32.0) and nutrient concentrations. Compared to the SYSCWM, the NYSCWM possesses lower values of temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations but higher values of DO.Also its smaller variation ranges of variables(except for temperature) demonstrate that NYSCWM is more uniform than that of SYSCWM. In addition, thermocline is more intensive in the SYSCWM than that of NYSCWM.Furthermore, DO and Chl a maxima appear at the depth of 30 m in the SYSCWM, while these phenomena are not obvious in the NYSCWM.     

The temporal and spatial variability of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in the southeastern Yellow Sea, 2009-2011

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) is one of the important water mass in the Yellow Sea(YS).It is distributed in the lower layer in the Yellow Sea central trough with the temperature less than 10 C and the salinity lower than 33.0.To understand the variability of the YSCWM,the hydrographic data obtained in April and August during 2009–2011 are analyzed in the southeastern Yellow Sea.In August 2011,relatively warm and saline water compared with that in 2009 and 2010 was detected in the lower layer in the Yellow Sea central area.Although the typhoon passed before the cruise,the salinity in the Yellow Sea central trough is much higher than the previous season.It means that the saline event cannot be explained by the typhoon but only by the intrusion of saline water during the previous winter.In April 2011,actually,warm and saline water(T >10 C,S >34) was observed in the deepest water depth of the southeastern area of the Yellow Sea.The wind data show that the northerly wind in 2011 winter is stronger than in 2009 and 2010 winter season.The strong northerly wind can trigger the intrusion of warm and saline Yellow Sea Warm Current.Therefore,it is proposed that the strong northerly wind in winter season leads to the intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current into the Yellow Sea central trough and influenced a variability of the YSCWM in summer.