Three Alkali—Rich Intrusive Rock Belts Bewly Discovered in the Mt.Kunlkun—Mt.Altun Region,Xinjiang,China

The newly discovered three alkali-rich intrusive rock belts in the Mt.Kunlun Mt.Altun region of southern Xinjiang are the Lapeiquan-Yitunbulak alkali-rich intrusive fock belt, the Gez-Taxkorgan alkali-rich intrusive rock belt and the Beeilisai-Abulash alkali-rich intrusive rock belt.The former two belts were formed during the Yanshanian period,and the third one was formed during the Himalayan period,which is the youngest alkali-rich intrusive rock belt in China.The discovery of the alkali-rich intrusive rock belts is of great significance in shedding light on the history of tectono-magmatic activities in this region.     

新疆阿尔金地区长沙沟一带奥陶纪侵入岩及其演化特征

新疆阿尔金地区长沙沟一带发育的侵入岩岩石类型包括辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿辉长岩、石英闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩。野外地质特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示就位时代均为奥陶纪。其中基性超基性侵入岩具有幔源型特征;中酸性侵入岩显示I型和地S型双重特征,其岩浆主要来源于上地幔,在岩浆上侵过程中同化混染了部分壳源物质,使其具有壳幔混合源的岩浆性质。基性超基性侵入岩形成于超大陆裂解构造环境,系与大陆裂谷或深大断裂有关的深成岩浆作用的产物,中酸性侵入岩是汇聚阶段的产物。     

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干地区珈玛勒厄格勒中酸性侵入岩体及其大地构造意义

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干地区珈玛勒厄格勒侵入岩体位于塔里木板块西南缘,喀喇昆仑大陆边缘的东北缘,主要由形成于晚寒武世至早奥陶世的钙碱性二长花岗岩系列和碱性花岗岩系列组成。依据珈玛勒厄格勒中酸性侵入岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征,讨论了该侵入岩体的成因、构造环境和与其相关的板块间地球动力学模式,表明该侵入岩体属二长花岗岩-花岗岩（MG-G）组合,且岩体演化过程中存在壳源重熔的高Sr、高Zr、低Rb的偏中性花岗质岩浆混入;该岩体主要为I型花岗岩,形成于板块俯冲碰撞背景下的大陆弧后拉张盆地环境;根据岩浆演化的物理环境和构造环境,推测该侵入岩体的形成与库地洋壳向塔里木古地块俯冲密切相关,表明库地洋已消亡,形成弧后扩张花岗岩,指示塔里木古地块和柴达木古陆块已发生陆-陆碰撞。     

阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区中酸性侵入岩SHRIMP年龄及其意义

阿尔金山东段喀腊大湾地区位于北东向阿尔金走滑断裂北侧与东西向阿尔金北缘断裂所夹持的区域,该区广泛发育中酸性侵入岩,前人将其确定为晚古生代。本文运用锆石SHRIMPU-Pb方法对该区的中酸性侵入岩进行测年,获得413～514Ma的年龄,确认喀腊大湾地区早古生代岩浆活动的存在。结合前人其他方法测年数据和红柳沟一带(喀腊大湾以西180km)中酸性侵入岩的SHRIMP测年资料和蛇绿岩的时代,将阿尔金山东段喀腊大湾地区中酸性岩浆活动划分为碰撞前岩浆活动(520～500Ma)、碰撞期岩浆活动(490～470Ma)和碰撞后岩浆活动(440～410Ma)三个阶段。     

新疆阿尔金山地区元古宙超钾质碱性岩的发现

阿尔金山巴什考供附近的超钾质碱性岩,以互层 状产出于斜长角 闪岩中。该超钾质碱性岩的SiO2含量为40.77%～40.98%,K2O + Na2O = 3.68%～6.94 %,K 2O/ Na2O为3.28～7.76,属于超钾质强碱性岩。岩石的稀土元素总量较高,介于70 5.68 ×10 -6～972.34×10-6之间,(La/Yb)n为37.27和43.53,Eu呈轻度负异常(Eu=0. 67～0.75),球粒陨 石标准化配分曲线显示轻稀土高度富集,重稀土低度富集特征,与典型的超钾质碱性岩配分 型式相似。该超钾质碱性岩的发现对研究该区壳幔相互作用及岩石圈演化具有深 远意义。     

阿尔金断裂走滑位移的确定——来自阿尔金山东段构造成矿带的新证据

阿尔金断裂是中国西北地区最大走滑断裂之一,呈北东东向延绵近1500km,以其强烈的贯穿性、巨大的规模、强烈的活动性和巨大的位移量为特征。但是对于其左行位移量一直存在比较大的争议,一些学者认为300～500km,而另外一些学者认为700～800km,甚至900～1000km。最近十余年的找矿进展显示出阿尔金山东段是一条重要的铁铜金铅锌多金属成矿带,其矿床成因类型、不同矿种组合关系及其反映的成矿作用条件与北祁连山西段非常相似,可以认为阿尔金山东段成矿带是北祁连山西段成矿带的西延部分,即阿尔金山东段成矿带是北祁连山西段成矿带被阿尔金断裂左行走滑断错的部分。因此,依据阿尔金山东段成矿带与祁连山西段成矿带的可比性,将此作为标志物,作者认为阿尔金断裂左行走滑总位移量为400km左右。     

Rock Series and Genetic Types of Granitoids in the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt, China

A systematic geological and geochemical study was conducted for the granitoids of different periods in the western Kunlun erogenic belt. The study indicates that the granitoids belong to tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline, alkaline and shoshonitic series, and that there are 5 genetic types, i.e., I-, S-, M-, A- and SH-type, of which SH-type is first put forward in this paper, which corresponds to shoshonitic granitoids.     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘多金属成矿带的成矿规律

泥盆纪时,在阿尔泰山南缘拉张背景下,北西向区域性断裂和北北东向同生断裂的发育和复合,为火山喷发、潜火山岩分布和裂谷海水下渗循环创造了条件。伴随构造演化形成了两个构造－岩浆－成矿带。其中,一个成矿带是以与流纹－英安质火山活动有关的沉积岩型铅锌、（铁）多金属矿床（可可塔勒式）为特征,另一个成矿带是以与细碧－角 斑质火山活动有关的火山岩型铜锌矿床（阿舍勒式）为特征。火山盆地、同生断裂和潜火山岩体顶部裂隙     

阿尔金北缘大平沟韧-脆性变形带特征

大平沟韧-脆性变形带出露于紧邻阿尔金北缘断裂北侧的新太古界达格拉格布拉克群钾长片麻岩中,与阿尔金走滑断裂索尔库里段相距约50km.总体呈东西向展布,高角度向南倾斜,倾角65～85°.次级变形带呈北西西向-东西向渡状起伏延伸.单个次级变形带规模一般长数百米,宽数十米.变形带内岩石的线理、面理构造发育,石英、钾长石矿物粒内变形效应明显,同构造变形的新生矿物绢云母比较发育.变形性质为韧-脆性压扭性构造变形,发育糜棱岩系列岩石,特别是含钾长石残斑的绢云母石英质糜棱岩最为常见.变形岩石组构显示石英以底面和近于底面滑移的方式发生变形,反映出是中-低温条件(250～350℃);有限应变测量显示岩石变形强度中等,应变椭球轴比为2.9～4.8;变形运动学特点为右行逆冲,变形主压应力方向为北北西向,最大差应力为59～61MPa.结合区域构造演化,作者认为该韧-脆性变形带是发生于早古生代板块碰撞的大地构造背景条件下,并反映了板块碰撞过程中基底岩块的变形特点.     

铜陵中生代中酸性侵入岩特征及成因

铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩可以划分为橄榄安粗岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列,橄榄安粗岩系列的岩石组合为辉石二长闪长岩+二长闪长岩+石英二长岩,这些岩石的里特曼指数大于4( 变化于4.2~5.8之间),岩石的稀土总量((REE) 变化于211×10-6~264×10-6 之间,且与金矿床关系较密切.高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩岩石组合为闪长岩+石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩,岩石的里特曼指数小于4(1.8~3.2),ΣREE为130×10-6~188×10-6,与铜矿床关系较为密切.结合包体岩石学研究得出,橄榄安粗岩系列岩浆为幔源碱性基性岩浆分异的产物, 高钾钙碱性系列岩浆是分异的幔源岩浆和壳源酸性岩浆混合的产物.     

阿尔金北缘地区韧性剪切带型金矿床构造控矿解析

韧性剪切带型金矿是一种成矿机制与控矿因素都与韧性剪切带及其演化密切相关的金矿床类型。阿尔金北缘地区不同层次剪切带发育,金矿床受韧性剪切带控制明显,在区域上,韧性剪切带控制金矿床(点)的分布;在矿床范围内,韧性剪切带及其演化过程中形成的韧脆性剪切带既是唯一的赋(含)矿构造,也对矿化带、矿体的形态、产状、规模及分布起决定性的控制作用;压扭性韧性剪切变形特点决定了金矿化类型以蚀变糜棱岩型为主,交代蚀变作用发育。含矿构造裂隙以P型为主,少量D型和R型,个别为R~1型和T型;构造变形所引发的动力分异作用及其形成的动力变质热液是金矿成矿流体的主要来源之一,这与地球化学和成矿流体包裹体研究显示的大平沟金矿床成矿物质主要来源于变质岩、成矿流体有相当部分来源于变质水的特征相吻合。结合糜棱岩磁组构研究,发现磁各向异性度P值与金元素含量呈负相关关系,说明构造变形早于金矿化蚀变作用,这种时序关系进一步佐证了韧性剪切带型金矿床的成矿模式。即大面积的韧性变形构造动力分异作用形成的含金热液不是就地原位矿化,而是向上迁移并集中到范围比较窄小的韧-脆性或脆性裂隙中才发生金元素富集,最终形成金矿床。     

The Origin and Features of the Two Intermediate-Acid Intrusive Series in Tongling Area, Anhui, China

1. Introduction Tongling district is situated in the southern part of the Yangtze River, Anhui province, China (Fig. 1). It is one of the most important metal basements in China, being rich copper material resources, also named "ancient copper capital of China". Studies showed that each copper ore deposit is bound up with the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the area. Therefore, many researchers (e.g. Chang Yinfu et al, 1987; Xing Fengming, et al, 1995; Zhou Xinrou, et al, 1993; and…     

云南中甸地区浪都高钾中酸性侵入岩的地球化学特征

中甸地区浪都中酸性侵入岩在空间上与浪都夕卡岩型铜矿床共生,主要由石英二长斑岩、石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩组成。这些侵入岩大多表现出高钾(K2O大于3%)的特征,在K2O-SiO2图上所有样品均落入高钾钙碱性和钾玄岩区域。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图上表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损(LaN/YbN=14.3～21.2)、铕弱负异常至无异常(δEu=0.77～1.00);在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,K、Rb、Sr、Ba等元素表现出正异常,而Nb、Ta和Ti等元素表现出负异常的特征。浪都侵入岩的87Sr/86Sr初始值为0.7044～0.7069,εNd(t)值为-2.8～-2.2。结合主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素组成,本研究认为浪都岩浆来源于交代地幔,很可能受到了俯冲带流体交代和地壳物质混染的影响,表明浪都中酸性侵入岩的形成与甘孜-理塘洋的俯冲有关。     

Early Paleozoic Magmatism and Gold Mineralization in the Northern Altun, NW China

This paper discusses the relationships between granitic magmatism and gold mineralization and the exhumation history of the Dapinggou gold deposit in northern Altun, NW China based on the geochronological data, including zircon U-Pb ages, Rb-Sr isochron age and 40Ar-39Ar dating and MDD modeling data. The main granitic magmatism age in this area is attained from the ID TIMS U-Pb geochronology of zircons from the Kuoshibulak granite, the biggest granite in the northern Altun area, which gives a concordant age of 443±5 Ma in the Late Ordovician. Zircon ID TIMS U-Pb geochronology of the West Dapinggou biotite granite west of the Dapinggou gold deposit gives concordant ages around 485±10 Ma, representing the early stage of Ordovician magmatism. The Rb-Sr isochron age (487±21 Ma) of 6 quartz inclusion samples from quartz veins in this gold deposit is very close to that of the West Dapinggou granite. MDD modeling of step heating 40Ar-39Ar data of K-feldspar from the same West Dapinggou biotite granite gives     

Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.     

青海祁漫塔格沙丘地区侵入岩地质、地球化学特征及找矿意义

青海祁漫塔格沙丘地区由于受沙漠覆盖的影响,增加了找矿难度,近年来新发现了众多矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床和矿点。通过对区内与成矿有关的侵入岩研究,认为与成矿关系密切的代表性侵入岩组合为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,与虎头崖、野马泉和四角羊沟具有相似的岩石组合特征。由早到晚,侵入岩向富SiO2和K2O,贫TiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO、MgO、CaO、P2O5,分异程度增高,A/CNK值增大,w(Na2O)/w(K2O)值减小,Eu亏损增强的方向演化。岩石总体属"I"型,构造背景具有接近碰撞阶段的特征。沙丘地区侵入岩岩浆源区具有清晰的地幔物质贡献印记,辉长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩表现的较为明显,具有形成大型矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床的成矿地质条件。随着矿产勘查工作的深入开展,有望实现找矿重大突破。     

Early Paleozoic Magmatism and Gold Mineralization in the Northern Aitun, NW China

Abstract This paper discusses the relationships between granitic magmatism and gold mineralization and the exhumation history of the Dapinggou gold deposit in northern Altun, NW China based on the geochronological data, including zircon U‐Pb ages, Rb‐Sr isochron age and ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar dating and MDD modeling data. The main granitic magmatism age in this area is attained from the ID TIMS U‐Pb geochronology of zircons from the Kuoshibulak granite, the biggest granite in the northern Altun area, which gives a concordant age of 443±5 Ma in the Late Ordovician. Zircon ID TIMS U‐Pb geochronology of the West Dapinggou biotite granite west of the Dapinggou gold deposit gives concordant ages around 485±10 Ma, representing the early stage of Ordovician magmatism. The Rb‐Sr isochron age (487±21 Ma) of 6 quartz inclusion samples from quartz veins in this gold deposit is very close to that of the West Dapinggou granite. MDD modeling of step heating ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar data of K‐feldspar from the same West Dapinggou biotite granite gives a rapid cooling history from 300°C to 150°C during 200–185 Ma. According to the age data and the geological setting of this area, we conclude that the Dapinggou gold deposit was formed at the early stage of the Early Paleozoic granitic magmatism in northern Altun, and exhumed in the Early Jurassic due to the normal faulting of the Lapeiquan detachment. The Early Paleozoic magmatism may provide heat source and produce geological fluids, which are very important for gold mineralization. Exhumation in the Mesozoic caused the uplift of the deposit towards the ground surface.     

柴北缘-东昆仑地区的造山型金矿床

柴北缘－东昆仑是中国西部秦祁昆褶皱山系的一部分，它的显生宙造山经历了加里东和晚华力西－印支两个旋回，并以多岛洋／裂陷槽、软碰撞和多旋回造山为特点。该区已发现多个造山型金矿床，它们具有相似的地质－地球化学特征。有两组成矿年龄：一是是加里东期（相当于加里东造山晚期）；二是晚华力西－印支期（处于该造山旋回晚期）。前期为性地中地壳顶部－上地壳底部的金矿化，后期则形成于较浅层次（1．2－5．7km）的金矿体侵位自区域北部向南部，矿床元素组合由Au-As向Au-Sb转化，金矿成矿年龄由老变新，成矿深度相应变浅。研究认为，与碰撞有关的热事件以及逐步升高地热增温率，驱动被加热的建造水和大气降水流体沿碰撞带和大型剪切等长距离地迁移、活动，并淋取围岩的成矿元素，形成含金流体。在进入到矿床或矿体构造后，由于构造性质转换，物理化学条件亦随之改变，含金流体沉淀，形成金矿体。这些金矿形成于造山晚期，是造山作用的产物，后者为前者提供了空间、热－动力条件。     

Neoproterozoic alkaline intrusive complex in the northwestern Yangtze Block,Micang Mountains region,South China: petrogenesis and tectonic significance

Voluminous Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic, felsic, and alkaline intrusions are found in the northern Yangtze Block, South China. Here, we present whole-rock major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, together with zircon U–Pb ages, for syenite and gabbro samples from the Shuimo–Zhongziyuan alkaline intrusive complex in the Micang Mountains region at the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. Zircon U–Pb dating yields crystallization ages for the Na- and K-rich Shuimo syenites of 869 ± 4 (MSWD = 0.85, 2σ) and 860 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 0.47, 2σ), respectively, and for the Zhongziyuan gabbros of 753 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.23, 2σ), indicating that the syenites and gabbros represent different stages of magmatism. The syenites include both Na- and K-rich types and have high values of the Rittman index (σ), and high SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents. These syenites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE), with high (La/Yb)_N values and small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.74–1.17). In contrast, the gabbros have lower SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents, are only slightly enriched in LREEs, are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSEs, and have small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.86–1.37). The syenites have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703340) and ?_Nd(t) values (+1.9 to +7.7). The gabbros have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703562–0.704933) and positive ?_Nd(t) values (+1.6 to +4.5). These data suggest that the syenites and gabbros are isotopically similar and were largely derived from melts of depleted mantle. The syenites underwent significant fractional crystallization and small amounts of crustal contamination during magma evolution. In contrast, the gabbros were formed by partial melting (>15%) of a garnet lherzolite source and might also have experienced crustal assimilation. Taking into account the geochemical signatures and magmatic events, we propose that the Shuimo syenites formed in an intra-arc rifting setting, however, the Zhongziyuan gabbros were most likely produced in a subduction-related, continental margin arc setting during the Neoproterozoic, thus suggesting that the alkaline intrusive complex were formed by the arc-related magmatism in the Micang Mountains.     

新疆阿图什地区木吉一带的火成碳酸岩——来自地质、地球化学分析的证据

西昆仑木吉西北地区产有一种特殊类型的碳酸盐质岩体。该岩体内发育围岩的捕虏体,并与围岩呈港湾状侵入式接触,其边部发育穿入围岩的岩枝和岩脉,这些地质特征表明这种碳酸盐质岩体实为火成碳酸岩岩体。该碳酸岩在地球化学上具有富CaO、CO2,贫SiO2、TiO2、K2O、Na2O、Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3、MnO、P2O5的特征,各种稀土和微量元素的含量和稀土元素的总量均很低,轻重稀土元素比值较小,稳定同位素δ18O、δ13C高,显示壳源碳酸岩的成因特点,明显不同于幔源成因的碳酸岩。据上述特征判断,该碳酸岩为沉积碳酸盐岩在内侵幔源岩浆作用下发生熔融而形成的壳源成因的火成碳酸岩。