THE WORST DESIGN WAVE FOR THE EQUAL RETURN PERIOD

The wave period will strongly affect the wave load, and the prevailing method of marine structure design, as adopted nowadays, will not obtain the requisite maximum wave load on structure. This paper presents a new method to determine the design wave that is conditioned by the principle of equal return period by selecting a set of the worst wave height and period which would produce the maximum wave load as a design wave. In this way, not onlythe given design criterion keeps constant but also the design load in the worst case can be obtained.     

Research on Analytical Method of Fatigue Characteristics of Soft Yoke Mooring System Based on Full-Scale Measurement

By focusing on the vulnerability of the structure of marine equipments, together with considering the randomness of meta-ocean load in statistics, a kind of analytical method of fatigue characteristics of marine structure based on full-scale and actual measurement of prototype is proposed. On the basis of short-term field measurement results of structural response, research is carried out on the fatigue analysis of hinge joints at the upper part of the Soft Yoke single point Mooring System (SYMS) by simultaneously monitoring the environmental load and considering the design criteria of offshore structure. Through analysis of finite element modeling, the time-histories of typical stress response are obtained, and then the assessment of fatigue damage at key hinge joints is conducted. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately analyze the fatigue damage of offshore engineering structure caused by the effect of wave load. The present analytical method of fatigue characteristics can be extended on other offshore engineering structures subjected to meta-ocean load.     

基于环境包络线法的深水浮式平台极值响应长期预报

海上结构设计包括对荷载和响应的可靠性评估。对结构进行全面长期响应分析繁琐且费时,故将基于逆一阶可靠性方法的环境包络线进行海上结构概率可靠性分析,对结构的长期响应进行近似估计。在二维标准正态空间中画出与重现期相对应的圆,将圆离散为点后通过Rosenblatt变换转化为环境参数空间中的点来形成闭合的环境包络线。描述海洋环境条件的模型对绘制环境包络线极为重要,基于我国南海荔湾海域40年波浪模拟数据,建立了描述南海波浪的Weibull-Gev条件分布模型,进而绘制南海有效波高—谱峰周期包络线,并与张力腿平台(TLP)系泊张力的长期响应预报结果对比,给出南海海域在波浪作用下应用环境包络线法预报TLP系泊张力的分位数,为未来南海TLP设计中系泊张力预报提供快速估算方法。     

Uncertainty and joint probability of sea ice loads

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海洋柔性立管弯曲加强器参数敏感性分析

针对海洋立管弯曲加强器所受环境载荷与功能载荷的特点,基于有限元法对某海洋柔性立管弯曲加强器结构进行数值分析。通过有限元分析软件建立了弯曲加强器与柔性立管组合等效模型,重点讨论了弯曲加强器的设计参数对其自身防弯性能的影响,根据弯曲加强器的曲率及柔性立管的应力分布,对弯曲加强器结构进行优化设计,得到结论可供设计参考。     

Characterizing the seasonal and directional varying properties in a marine environment

With noticing an increasing number of failure events for offshore structures in the present days, it is now realized that modeling the marine environment especially for exceptional environmental conditions is quite important. It is recognized that a possible improvement in the traditional modeling of environmental characteristics, which are the basis for the load models for structural analysis and design, may be needed. In this paper, the seasonal and directional varying properties in modeling the ocean parameter, the wave height, are studied. The peak over threshold (POT) method is selected to model the extreme wave height by utilizing a non-stationary discrete statistical extreme model. The varying parameters are taken into account with a changing pattern to reflect the seasonal and directional dependent behavior. Both the magnitude and the occurrence rate of the extreme values are investigated. Detailed discussion on the continuity of the established model is also given. The importance of the proposed model is demonstrated in reliability analysis for a jacket structure. The sensitivity to the changing marine environment in reliability analyses is investigated.     

Characterizing the Seasonal and Directional Varying Properties in A Marine Environment

With noticing an increasing number of failure events for offshore structures in the present days, it is now realized that modeling the marine environment especially for exceptional environmental conditions is quite important. It is recognized that a possible improvement in the traditional modeling of environmental characteristics, which are the basis for the load models for structural analysis and design, may be needed. In this paper, the seasonal and directional varying properties in modeling the ocean parameter, the wave height, are studied. The peak over threshold (POT) method is selected to model the extreme wave height by utilizing a non-stationary discrete statistical extreme model. The varying parameters are taken into account with a changing pattern to reflect the seasonal and directional dependent behavior. Both the magnitude and the occurrence rate of the extreme values are investigated. Detailed discussion on the continuity of the established model is also given. The importance of the proposed model is demonstrated in reliability analysis for a jacket structure. The sensitivity to the changing marine environment in reliability analyses is investigated.     

海洋混凝土结构环境作用等级与耐久性设计参数的中外规范对比

围绕海洋混凝土结构的环境作用等级划分和耐久性设计参数限值,对国内外现行的混凝土结构耐久性设计规范进行了系统对比分析。首先分析了国内外14个国家和地区的32部混凝土结构耐久性设计规范的技术特点,然后对比了不同规范对于海洋氯盐环境条件和环境作用等级划分的依据和差异性,进而从最低混凝土强度等级、最大水胶比、最小胶凝材料用量、最小保护层厚度、抗氯离子渗透性指标限值、最大初始氯离子含量和最大裂缝宽度等方面,系统对比分析了不同规范对于海洋混凝土结构耐久性设计参数限值的差异性,为海洋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供了参考。     

海上风力发电单立柱支撑结构拟静力分析

海上风电支撑结构不同于一般海洋结构物,它受到复杂的风机气动荷载、机械控制荷载和海洋环境荷载的多重作用。文章针对海上某单立柱风电支撑结构,通过分析其结构固有频率的约束限制以及外环境荷载的动力特性,综合考虑外环境荷载尤其是风机荷载的动力放大影响,给出海上单立柱风电支撑结构的拟静力分析思路。并进行极端及操作工况下支撑结构在风、浪、流环境荷载组合作用的应力计算和强度分析。提出该种结构在使用现有海洋结构物设计规范和风机设计规范时的注意事项。该分析比较结果及结论可作为海上类似风电支撑结构的设计参考。     

海上风机吸力基础的水平受荷研究综述

吸力基础具有施工速度快、安装过程中受海况天气影响小且易于回收重复利用等优点,被广泛应用于海洋工程。当吸力基础作为海上风电塔架的基础时,常常承受较大的水平荷载,因此其水平承载力是设计的主控因素。介绍了海上风机基础的设计要求,分析了影响基础水平承载性状的因素,总结了吸力基础受水平单调荷载、水平循环荷载和不同荷载组合三个方面的研究现状。讨论了水平荷载的大小、水平加载的高度(偏心率)、循环荷载的频率、循环荷载的次数、循环荷载的幅值、循环荷载的方向性、竖向荷载对吸力基础水平承载性状的影响,考虑了水平荷载的非共线性,指出了目前研究的不足,明确了吸力基础水平承载性状进一步研究的方向,提出了供工程实践参考的建议。     

基于XML的海洋环境基础数据格式转换的研究

针对当前海洋科学研究、海洋预报、海洋环境保护等工作中遇到的海洋环境基础数据格式不一致的问题,通过对数据语义、语法、结构的分析,建立数据之间格式转换模型,在此基础上提出基于可扩展标记语言(XML)转换模板的数据格式转换体系,并以台站观测温盐数据为例,设计编写程序成功实现数据间的格式转换。     

Top hat stiffeners: A study on keel failures

The need to assess the structural capability of curved marine composite structures that support the keel of high performance yachts has increased due to the rise in the number of accidents and human casualties. The top hat stiffener is the basic structural member of the yacht to sustain the tensile and bending load of the keel. This paper characterises the mechanical strength of E-glass/vinylester composite top hat stiffeners subjected to transverse loading. The out-of-plane load transfer was studied and failure modes were identified for the three different composite layups which were tested to failure. Experimental results obtained from mechanical testing were compared with FEA predictions, based on the quadratic interlaminar stress criterion. Secondary reserve strength from the unidirectional fibres was identified and the potential to use this secondary strength was further investigated.     

海上风电场基础结构设计综述

针对我国海上风电场开发建设的现状和发展趋势,结合海上风电场基础结构设计研发现状和存在的问题,探讨海上风电场基础结构设计的关键问题——设计理念、设计方法和设计标准等,分析海上风电场基础结构的结构、荷载和服役特点,分析海上风电场基础结构与水工结构和海洋石油平台设计的异同。并根据海上风电和海洋石油的行业特点,分析API规范和DNV规范对于海上风电场基础结构设计的适用性,阐述了海上风电场基础结构设计的特殊性、荷载取值和参考标准等问题。基于我国海洋工程技术发展水平和海上风电产业的发展趋势,提出发展适合我国国情的海上风电场基础结构型式及设计,指出我国海上风电产业发展应注意和避免发生的问题。     

多参数海洋浮标实时采集系统的设计

提出了一种深海浮标实时数据采集的设计方案。该方案基于数据库和卫星通信技术,通过多通道数据采集,能够实现深海环境要素的实时获取,完成在无人值守状态下浮标周围海域的环境监测,有助于推动特定海域海洋环境的研究。     

Calibration of LRFD Format for Steel Jacket Offshore Platforms in China Offshore Area （ 1 ） ： Statistical Parameters of Loads and Resistances

1 .IntroductionThe structural design method has evolvedfromthe workingstress method,damage stage methodtolimit state method.The more recent probabilisticlimit state design method,whichis based onreliabili-tytheory,has beengenerallyacceptedinthe designcode…     

海洋立管综合环境条件设计标准研究

首先用有限单元法推导海洋输液立管在外界环境荷载条件下的侧向振动微分方程。对渤海某海区的15次风暴过程作了抽样分析，得到以波高为主时的波高、流速序列和以流速为主时的波高、流速序列，并对其进行了Weibull、Gumbel、Lognormal等适线分析，以确定各序列的最优分布形式及相应的特征值。用重点抽样法进行随机模拟得到联合概率为百年一遇的波高的流速。针对线海固定式平台铰接的海洋输液立管，以最大应力为控制条件确定其联合设计标准，并与其它方法作了比较，得到一些有益的结论。     

Ultimate Strength Analysis of Offshore Jacket Platform

- The ultimate strength analysis of offshore jacket platforms is a research project which has been developed in recent years. With the rapid development of marine oil industry, the departments of design and IMR (Inspection, Maintenance and Repair) in the offshore engineering have attached great importance to this project. The research procedure applies to both the stress check of new design platforms and the whole safety assessment of existing platforms. In this paper, we combine the pseudo non-linear technique with the linear analysis program and successfully analyze the ultimate strength of the space frame structure subject to the concentrated load and a real jacket platform subject to the dead load and environmental load.     

基于危险率分析的风浪联合重现期研究

采用二维逻辑冈贝尔分布,基于工程使用期和危险率,提出海洋工程结构设计过程中海洋环境要素(风速和波高)联合重现期的确定方法,并且以某海区资料为例,介绍基于危险率分析的风浪联合重现期分析过程.通过此例,在考虑工程使用期和危险率的基础上进行联合重现期的计算使海洋工程结构物设计过程中重现期的选取更加合理,安全性以及投资建造成本更加明确.     

Dynamic Response of the U-Typed Sandwich Panel Under Explosion Load Based on the SDOF Method

Sandwich panel is commonly used in ship and marine engineering equipment, such as side structure and superstructure deck of a ship, which is of good anti-explosion performance. This paper addresses a study on the dynamic response of the U-typed sandwich panel under explosion load through the numerical simulation and theoretical methods. Based on the orthotropic plate theory, the U-typed sandwich panel is simplified and transformed into a single degree of freedom (SDOF) spring system, the equivalent motion equation of the SDOF system and the expression of triangular explosion load function are established based on the SDOF theory, and the maximum response spectrum of the SDOF system is obtained. Then, the response of the equivalent SDOF system of the U-typed sandwich panel under explosion load is analyzed, and the theoretical results match well with the numerical simulation results, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical method proposed in this paper. The theoretical method proposed in this paper could have good engineering applications for the structural anti-explosion design, and provide a reference for the evaluation of the anti-explosion performance of ship and offshore platform structures.

     

Calibration of LRFD Format for Steel Jacket Offshore Platform in China Offshore Area （2） ： Load, Resistance and Load Combination Factors

1.IntroductionLoad and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)isthe commonly adoptedreliability-based designfor-mat for structural design(CNE,1990;AAHTO,1994;OMTC,1983;CMC,1984).Code calibra-tionforthe LRFDformat is a processto determinethetarget reliability by de…