短距离精密测距技术的研究

本文根据浮子式液位计原位校准系统的要求与苏州第一光学仪器厂合作生产出一款短距离高精度测距仪,它采用相位法测距原理,在使用其配套棱镜时,10m范围内测距精度可达0.3mm。本文在分析和评定测距仪内符合精度的基础上,利用双频激光干涉仪校准系统,对仪器的精度进行了检定和分析,并通过三次样条插值等方法对测距误差进行拟合分析,利用拟合函数对测距误差进行改正,进一步提高测距仪的精度。最后通过验证,经过改正后的测距仪精度可达0.1mm。     

关于我国似大地水准面的精化及有关问题

着重分析了我国新一代似大地水准面模型CQG2 0 0 0的实际分辨率 ,给出了该模型的精度估计 ,得出总体分辨率为 2 0km ,精度为± 0 .4m ;60 %地区分辨率达到或优于 1 0km ,精度为± 0 .3m。介绍了目前精化大地水准面的国际先进水平 ,指出了进一步精化我国大地水准面的必要性和途径及有关问题。     

OptiTrack系统点位测量的精度测试

OptiTrack系统用于工业测量前需要先对其测量精度进行测试。利用平面测量点对OptiTrack系统分别进行了内符合精度和外符合精度测试实验,实验结果表明在3m范围内,OptiTrack系统三维坐标重复测量精度优于0.04mm,点位测量的均方根误差优于0.2mm,可满足中等精度工业测量需求。使用控制变量法分析了帧率、曝光时间、灰度阈值、红外LED亮度四个系统参数的取值与OptiTrack系统测量精度的关系,得出了实验环境下四个参数对测量精度的影响规律。     

仪器消息

<正> 英国COM-RAD厂在Mekometer ME3000的基础上,独立研制成功一种新型高精度测距仪Geomensor,测程5公里,精度为(±0.1mm+0.5ppm)。当采用扩展镜组     

哈苏555ELD相机用于工业摄影测量的精度测试

利用平面测量点对哈苏555ELD相机用于工业摄影测量的测量精度进行测试试验,在2 m×3 m范围内其点位测量精度约为±0.13 mm,相对精度约为1/3万。分析影响其测量精度的因素,并提出通过提高成像质量及改进相机畸变模型的方法提高测量精度。     

航空重力测量在近海区域的精度评估与分析

利用泊松积分法和点质量法对澳大利亚West Arnhem Land区域的航空重力测量数据进行了精度评估,两种方法得到精度结果基本一致,评估结果表明GT-1A测量系统2′分辨率数据的测量精度优于3×10-5 m/s2,5′分辨率数据的测量精度优于2×10-5 m/s2。利用交叉点平差和泊松积分法、点质量法对渤海区域的航空重力测量进行了内部交叉点平差和外部精度评估,结果表明,内部评估精度与外部评估精度存在一定的差异,以外部评估为准则,CHAGS测量系统在渤海区域5′分辨率的航空重力数据精度优于3.5×10-5 m/s2。综合国内外试验情况分析得到,在近海区域,航空重力数据的分辨率和精度受测量仪器的性能而不同,整体上对于5′分辨率数据而言,可以达到或优于3×10-5 m/s2的精度。     

北斗多频伪距单点定位精度分析

针对北斗卫星伪距定位研究较少的现状,该文分析了北斗B1、B2和B3的伪距质量,给出了采用不同频点伪距定位时需考虑的因素,探讨了使用广播星历时北斗多频伪距单点定位的定位性能。结果表明,B3频点的伪距多路径效应和观测噪声优于B1和B2;单频定位时,各频点定位平面精度优于5m,高程精度优于10m,且B1的定位精度最高;双频定位时,B1/B2无电离层组合的定位性能略高于B1/B3,平面精度优于3m,高程精度优于5m,并且B2/B3的噪声太大,不适用于导航定位。     

GSS1 GPS接收机及实测试验精度分析

本文介绍了GSS1型GPS接收机主要技术数据，功能特点。经实测试验，并与Trimble4000SST GPS接收机测量的基线向量和ME-5000测距仪实测的弦长比较，以及复测边较差，同，异步环闭合差和网平差结果等精度分析。GSS1接收机定位内、外符合精度均达到±（5mm+2ppm·S），完全适用于短距离精度定位测量     

关于D1300测距仪的使用体会

D1300测距仪是瑞士威特厂80年代产品，是适合中短程距离测量的定时脉冲测距仪。此仪器的标称精度为5mm＋1ppm（根据最近获悉厂方提供的标称精度为3mm＋1ppm。测程在气象条件较好的情况下，厂方提供的数据是，单梭镜9km，11个梭镜14km。     

黄河干流GPS网的布测与精度分析

概述黄河干流 GPS控制网的布测方案、数据处理和精度分析。结果表明 : 、 级网点的相对定位精度达到 10 - 7;在 ITRF96地心坐标系中的精度优于± 10 cm; 级网点的中误差小于± 4mm,相对精度为± 1.3× 10 - 6 D     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。