基于小尺度数值模型的海底滑坡运动敏感性分析

开展海底滑坡运动特性研究是深水陆坡区滑坡地质灾害认识与防治的基础,建立了基于非牛顿流体欧拉-欧拉两相流理论的小尺度海底滑坡数值模型。在与实验数据和BING程序结果对比验证的基础上,模拟分析海底滑坡的一般运动规律及特性,并同无水条件下的滑坡模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:环境水的存在可引发"滑水"现象,延长滑坡运动时间,增加运动距离,但端部最大峰值速度相对无水条件时较小;滑坡体物质组成、地形坡度、初始速度、初始厚度等因素,对最终的运动距离有较大的影响;滑坡体在运动过程中因扰动、混水而导致的屈服强度和粘滞系数的不断降低是海底滑坡长距离运动的主要原因。     

荔湾3-1气田海底管道深水段地质灾害特征

基于船载多波束测深、浅地层剖面和深水浅层高分辨多道地震剖面等数据资料,以我国第一个深水气田—荔湾3-1气田海底管道路由区深水段(200m)为研究区,划分海底地形地貌分区,识别可能危害海底管道的地质灾害类型,分析其特征与分布规律。结果表明,研究区内主要地质灾害类型为海底峡谷、海底滑坡和滑塌、古珊瑚礁、海底沙波和大波痕、海底陡坎、断崖和陡坡、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积等。其中,海底滑坡和滑塌在上陆坡和峡谷谷壁上十分发育,海底滑坡(滑塌)、古珊瑚礁和沙波(沙丘)等影响和威胁着海底管道的铺设与安全运行。     

荔湾3-1外输海底管道中落管抛石技术

落管抛石是进行深水抛石的一种工程技术,可作为保证管道稳定性、处理悬跨、抑制隆起屈曲和进行跨越支撑的工程解决方案。系统研究了抛石在波流作用下的稳定性,落石对管道冲击的影响以及施工技术。针对南海环境条件下的抛石稳定理论进行了修正;分析了三层聚丙烯涂层管道在落石冲击下的可接受抛石粒径;提出同时结合石块稳定性结果和管道抗冲击性能要求下的石料分级的方法;最后,对该技术在荔湾3-1外输海底管道的工程应用进行详细阐述。     

地震触发海底滑坡物理模型及数学模型试验分析

针对南海北部陆坡区地震成因的海底滑坡频发问题,采用室内模型分析法分析地震对于海底滑坡触发的影响作用.仿照南海北部陆坡海底工程环境构建水槽模型,分析引发海底斜坡失稳的临界地震参数,观察滑坡的运移特征,对比振动前后土体力学性质变化;并依据水槽模型构建有限元数学模型,计算模拟陆坡在不同地震加载下的稳定系数并进行对比.综合两部...     

黄土-泥岩滑坡渐进滑动失稳的模型试验研究

西北地区的黄土-泥岩滑坡灾害逐渐受到关注,其失稳机理和力学模型成为岩土工程方向的研究热点。以滑动变形为指标来研究黄土-泥岩滑坡的渐进失稳模型,能更好地服务于黄土-泥岩滑坡的监测预警工作。采用土-岩滑动界面处直接渗水的方法,模拟降雨入渗作用下黄土-泥岩滑坡渐进滑动失稳的特征;采用在滑动界面处布置微型孔隙水压力和土压力传感器、在滑坡侧面和表面布置宏观变形观测点的方案,研究黄土-泥岩滑坡的渐进滑动失稳特征。结果显示,黄土-泥岩滑坡在顶部或中部某个位置优先形成拉张式裂缝,随后裂缝逐渐贯通并分割滑坡体,形成“滑移-拉裂-推挤”三段式的失稳模型。黄土-泥岩滑坡渐进滑动失稳模型的建立,对其监测预警和工程防御等方面具有重要科学价值。     

天然气水合物分解诱发海底滑坡影响因素分析及致灾风险评价

天然气水合物主要赋存于低温高压下的海底沉积物层中,当周围环境的温度或者压力发生变化时,其稳定性会受到破坏,诱发坍塌、海底滑坡等地质灾害,对钻井平台、海底电缆等造成巨大破坏。结合南海北部海底陆坡的实际地震资料,首先获得了符合实际情况的储层属性参数,然后基于改进的地质力学模型,获得了相应的力学模型参数,利用孔隙压力平衡方程计算得到地层的有效应力,对天然气水合物分解诱因的海底滑坡的数值模拟,基于强度折减法讨论分析了初始水合物分解量、水合物分解总量等因素引起的水合物储层变化的力学响应,获得了对应的安全系数,实现了水合物分解对海底边坡稳定性影响的分析,为今后水合物开采过程中可能诱发边坡失稳的程度及失稳位置分布预测提供了指导和帮助。     

深水管汇安装方法及其在南海荔湾3-1气田中应用研究

针对深水、超深水中水下管汇的安装问题,以巴西Roncador油田P-52油藏MSGL-RO-02气举管汇的安装为例,对比了吊装法、滑轮法和下摆法的特点,详细分析了三种安装方法对该气举管汇安装的适应性.分析表明,吊装法因自身载重能力、轴向共振问题不适合MSGL- RO-02气举管汇的安装;滑轮法因Roncador油田自身半潜式平台的吊装能力无法满足而被弃用;下摆法是目前最先进的深水、超深水大型装备的安装方法,因避免了吊装法和滑轮法的弊端,成功将重280t的MSGL-RO-02气举管汇安装在1845m的超深水中.在此基础上,初步提出适合荔湾3-1气田的可选安装方案——滑轮法或下摆法,对我国南海深水油气田大型深水设备的安装具有一定的指导意义.     

荔湾3-1气田深水脐带缆竖直铺设技术研究与应用

随着海洋油气开发逐步走向深海,深水脐带缆的应用越来越广泛。我国在脐带缆安装工程中仅具备浅水(300 m以内)水平铺设的能力,深水脐带缆的铺设技术在国内尚属空白。本文以荔湾3-1气田深水脐带缆铺设工程为例,首先介绍铺设方法的选取原则,提出深水脐带缆竖直铺设的技术要求,随后基于Orca Flex软件,对脐带缆铺设进行静力和动力分析,为铺设期间脐带缆长度和张力的监控、作业气候窗的选取提供参考依据。最后制定脐带缆起始抽拉、正常铺设以及末端铺设的作业流程。该工程为我国首次采用脐带缆竖直铺设技术,本文研究成果和计算方法可为国内其它同类工程提供重要借鉴意义。     

两相流模型在南海内孤立波与沙波相互作用中的应用

为研究内孤立波与沙波的相互作用,本文对基于OpenFOAM的SedWaveFoam求解器进行改进,建立了内孤立波-泥沙运动欧拉两相流模型。在利用试验资料对模型进行验证的基础上,在南海北部典型代表性条件下,模拟分析了500 m水深位置沙波床面上内孤立波作用下的水动力变化和泥沙运动。结果表明,内孤立波逐渐离开沙波时,海底沙波背流面处出现与内孤立波背景流速反向的流速,在内孤立波导致的流场作用下,沙波床面上的泥沙悬起并运动到床面以上的水体中。振幅100 m的内孤立波可以导致床面以上14 m高的位置处出现约0.07 kg/m³的悬沙浓度。     

锦州25—1南油气田主电站的选型设计

主电站作为海洋石油开采平台最重要的核心组成,为整个平台提供动力来源,是保证平台能够正常运转的心脏器官。从机组类型、特点,以及相应的工作原理等几个方面对海洋石油开采平台上的主电站作了简要的描述;依据相关基础数据,结合锦州25—1南油气田的特点,对油气田进行了电负荷分析,得出油气田设计所需要的典型电负荷量以及相关的数据;通过对机组容量、负荷率、备用率、机组占用平台面积、机组重量等几个参数的比对,从往复式发动机电站机组和燃气透平机电站机组中优选出了主电站机组方案。通过对锦州25—1南油气田主电站方案优选的详细阐述,为海洋石油开采平台主电站的选型设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents: A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical.     

The application of high-resolution 3D seismic data to model the distribution of mechanical and hydrogeological properties of a potential host rock for the deep storage of radioactive waste in France

In the context of a deep geological repository of high-level radioactive wastes, the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) has conducted an extensive characterization of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillaceous rock and surrounding formations in the Eastern Paris Basin. As part of this project, an accurate 3D seismic derived geological model is needed. The paper shows the procedure used for building the 3D seismic constrained geological model in depth by combining time-to-depth conversion of seismic horizons, consistent seismic velocity model and elastic impedance in time. It also shows how the 3D model is used for mechanical and hydrogeological studies. The 3D seismic field data example illustrates the potential of the proposed depth conversion procedure for estimating density and velocity distributions, which are consistent with the depth conversion of seismic horizons using the Bayesian Kriging method. The geological model shows good agreement with well log data obtained from a reference well, located closest to the 3D seismic survey area.Modeling of the mechanical parameters such as shear modulus, Young modulus, bulk modulus indicates low variability of parameters confirming the homogeneity of the target formation (Callovo-Oxfordian claystone). 3D modeling of a permeability index (Ik-Seis) computed from seismic attributes (instantaneous frequency, envelope, elastic impedance) and validated at the reference well shows promising potential for supporting hydrogeological simulation and decision making related to safety issues.     

Three-dimensional facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the BZ3-1 block of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a classic non-marine rift basin in eastern China. The Paleogene Dongying sequences are the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the basin. Using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data and one well control in the BZ3-1 Block in the western slope of the Bozhong Sag, we analyzed 3-D facies architectures of the Dongying sequences. The Dongying Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into four third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4). The facies architecture was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data. Sediment of the Dongying sequences was derived from the northern Shijiutuo Uplift via four major configurations of incised valleys, namely “V”, “U”, “W”, and composite shaped incised valleys. Seismic stratal slices reveal branching and converging characteristics of the channels from upstream to downstream. On the basis of an integrated analysis of well log, core data, seismic facies based on multi-seismic attributes, three sedimentary facies (e.g., “delta”, “fan-delta”, and “shore” or “shallow lacustrine” facies) have been recognized. The four types of incised valleys and their evolution control the sedimentary systems in the sedimentation area. The numbers and sizes of the fans are controlled by the sedimentary systems at various scales. Incised valley-fill and deltaic sand bodies are excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs and potentially good exploration targets for the study area. The reservoir quality of sequences SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 become better gradually from base to top. The proposed sediment dispersal patterns may aid in the prediction of potential reservoir distribution. This study also demonstrates that facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology may serve as an effective approach for constructing 3D facies models for petroleum exploration in areas lacking of well or outcrop data.