中国东部橄榄岩包体和榴辉岩中CO2流体包裹体的碳同位素组成

应用阶段段加热技术,对中国东部新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体和大别造山带超高压榴辉岩进行了裹体ＣＯ２的碳同位素组成测定,结果表明,榄岩的δ＾１３Ｃ值变化较大,从－２２．８％到＋０．７‰到＋４．６‰,同样明显不同于前人报道的低δ＾１３Ｃ值（－３０‰２０～－２０‰）特征,大别造山带榴辉岩的δ＾１３Ｃ变化从－１８．５‰到＋４．６‰,同样明显不同于前人报道的低δ＾１３Ｃ值（－３０‰～－２０‰）特征。榴辉;岩的     

白云鄂博矿床稀土矿物稳定同位素特征及其意义

稀土元素是白云鄂博矿床最有特色的矿产。本文在详细讨论了稀土矿物氧、碳同位素制样方法的基础上，对矿床中晚期脉、白云石型矿石、萤石型矿石中的主要稀土矿物进行了系统的氧、碳同位素分析。其中，晚期脉中的氟碳酸盐矿物的碳、氧同位素值较低，具有幔源热液结晶的特点；白云岩型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－１．１‰～－３．４‰，δ１８Ｏ在８．６‰～１２．０‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在５．７‰～１１．４‰，磷灰石δ１８Ｏ在６．３‰～９．４‰；萤石型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－５．２‰～－５．８‰，δ１８Ｏ在３．６‰～５．５‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在３．５‰～４．５‰。结合矿床地质特征分析，矿区萤石型矿石和晚期脉的形成可能与深源热液有关；而白云岩中的稀土矿化作用则表现出多源多期次的特点     

云南兰坪三山—白身坪铜银多金属成矿富集区的碳氧同位素地球化学

研究区的碳氧同位素组成表明,矿化灰岩和细晶灰岩的δ＾１３Ｃ为正值,其δ＾１８Ｏ值变化于－６．４‰～－２１‰之间;而绝大多数矿石中碳酸盐矿物的δ＾１３Ｃ为负值,只有少数为正值,与其对应的δ＾１８Ｏ值为－１２．３‰～－１２．５‰。根据δ＾１３Ｃ－δ＾１８Ｏ图解分析,区分出了３种不同类型的碳同位素：（１）三叠纪海洋生物碳;（２）海相碳酸盐的碳与热卤水中碳的过渡类型;（３）深部热卤水中ＣＯ２的碳。研究发现     

五台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿成因

五台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿分布于晚太古代碰撞造山带中，与世界许多太古宙绿岩带型金矿具有相似的特征。研究表明：成矿流体的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝－２．１‰～４．９‰，δＤ＝－６９‰～－１１２‰，蚀变碳酸盐矿物的δ１３ＣＰＤＢ＝－２．０‰～－１．４‰，δ１８ＯＳＭＯＷ＝１０．０‰～２０．０‰；载金黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ＝－３．７‰～５．６‰。成矿前流体具有中—高盐度，成矿期流体以富含ＣＯ２、近似海水的δ１８Ｏ和海相碳酸盐的δ１３Ｃ值，成矿后流体具有较高的盐度及可变的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ、δ１３Ｃ值。这种金矿成矿流体很难与某单一流体源相对应，它反映的多是变质流体与海盆地铁镁质岩石在成岩过程中饱含的热卤水混合的结果。综合有关资料，提出本区韧性剪切带型金矿形成于太古宙末期汇聚型地球动力学背景下的弧－陆、陆－陆碰撞过程中，金矿化作用和分布受碰撞构造边界的大规模逆冲型韧性剪切带控制。     

广西百色盆地州景矿第三系褐煤有机地球化学与煤岩学研究 Ⅳ．单化合物碳稳定同位素推断生物标志物起源

一个未成熟褐煤抽提物中，高等植物生源化合物的同位素值在全煤碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ值－２７．０‰）的±２‰范围内，表明相似成煤植物对这些化合物的贡献，或者其成煤植物经历过相似的生物合成分馏效应。所检测的萜烃类按同位素差异分为两组：二萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．０±１．４‰）和倍半萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．９±１．５‰）平均较全煤样富集１～２％。１３Ｃ，而奥利烷－乌散烷－羽扇烷型衍生物（δ１３Ｃ值－２９．０±０．８‰）平均比全煤样减少１～２‰１３Ｃ。Ｃ１５～Ｃ３５正烷烃δ１３Ｃ平均值－３２．４±０．６‰，据此表明Ｃ１７～Ｃ２２和Ｃ２２～Ｃ３３正烷烃的同位素值与上述平均值没有明显差异。与全煤样相比较，该煤样抽提物的藿烷衍生物１３Ｃ值则减少８～３４‰，标志在成煤过程中甲烷的细菌循环起着作用。     

碳氧同位素演化与碳酸盐岩层序地层学关系研究——…

结合碳酸盐岩层序地层分析，首次系统测定了马平组碳，氧同位素值，并对其演化规律与层序地层的关系进行了探讨，研究结果表明：马平组内δ＾１３Ｃ，δ＾１８Ｏ值变化范围分别是－２．５６‰～＋３．８９‰和－８．１６‰～－６．０２‰（ＰＤＢ）准层序为δ＾１３Ｃ值向上逐渐减小，海进体系域（ＴＳＴ）和高水位体系域（ＨＳＴ）内δ＾１３Ｃ值分别呈增加和减小的趋，层序界面处δ＾１３Ｃ，δ＾１８Ｏ值均表现为负异常，控制层序     

王台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿成因

五台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿分布地晚太古代碰撞造山带中，与世界许多太古宙绿岩带型金矿具有相似的特征。研究表明：成矿流体的δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝－２．１‰－４．９‰，δＤ＝－６９－１１２‰，蚀谜面对得起盐矿物的δ＾１３ＣＰＤＢ＝－２．０－１．４‰，δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ－１０．０－２０．０‰，载金黄铁矿的δ＾１４Ｓ＝－３．７－５．６‰。成矿前流体具有一高盐度，成矿期流体以富含ＣＯ２、近似海水的δ＾１８Ｏ和海相     

碳氧同位素演化与碳酸盐岩层序地层学关系研究

结合碳酸盐岩层序地层分析，首次系统测定了马平组碳、氧同位素值，并对其演化规律与层序地层的关系进行了探讨．研究结果表明：马平组内δ１３Ｃ、δ１８Ｏ值变化范围分别是－２．５６‰～＋３．８９‰和－８．１６‰～－６．０２‰（ＰＤＢ）．准层序中δ１３Ｃ值向上逐渐减小，海进体系域（ＴＳＴ）和高水位体系域（ＨＳＴ）内δ１３Ｃ值则分别呈增加和减小的趋势，层序界面处δ１３Ｃ、δ１８Ｏ值均表现为负异常．控制层序地层内δ１３Ｃ值规律性分布和演化的主要机制是冰川型全球海平面周期性变化     

苏皖地区凹凸棒石粘土矿床稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

本文对凹凸棒石粘土矿中坡缕石及其共生的蒙脱石、白云石、蛋白石进行了稳定同位素研究。坡缕石δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ为２４．７‰￣２６．３‰，δＤＳＭＯＷ为－５９．１‰￣－１６．８‰，推算形成温度为７１￣８１℃。白云石δ＾１３ＣＰＯＢ为－７．２‰￣－１１．７‰，δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ为１９．６‰￣２７．３‰，推算形成温度为２９￣７４℃。研究表明，苏皖地区凹凸棒石粘土矿床是在火山喷发间歇期，与火山作用有关热水溶液     

下庄铀矿田成矿热液的水源研究

在分析下庄铀矿田成矿地质背景的基础上，根据包体水氢、氧同位素组成和水－岩相互作用原理对该矿田成矿热液的水源进行了详细探讨。其结果表明，下庄铀成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成δ１８Ｏ＝＋６．９０‰～－９．８０‰（ＳＭＯＷ）、δＤ＝－３０‰～－８５‰（ＳＭＯＷ）位于已发生氧漂移的大气降水同位素组成范围。水－岩同位素交换后，岩石的δ１８Ｏ值明显降低，显示出与岩石相互作用的古地下水具有相当低的δ１８Ｏ值。不同水－岩比值条件下同位素交换结果证明下庄成矿古水热系统具有比较充足的水源，大气降水与岩石交换后热液的δ１８Ｏ计算（－８．２６‰～＋１．５３‰）与成矿期热液的δ１８Ｏ值（－６．５４‰～＋１．４３‰）相吻合。证据表明下庄铀矿田成矿热液的水源主要来自大气降水。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the