Hydrocarbon geochemistry of the Puget Sound region—I. Sedimentary acyclic hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon compositions have been determined for ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediment cores collected at 23 sites within the inland marine waters of northwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) and an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) are significantly higher in surface sediments near urban areas than at all other locations with a chronology that indicates a predominantly anthropogenic origin. Concentrations of chromatographically resolvable alkanes are comparatively uniform; the major constituents are plant wax n-alkanes and a naturally-occurring suite of fossil isoprenoid and n-alkanes. Pristane concentrations decrease sharply near the sea-sediment interface suggesting rapid degradation of a plankton-derived component. A saturated multibranched, but nonisoprenoid, C₂₀ hydrocarbon and two novel mono-olefinic analogs have been isolated along with a previously unreported suite for four acyclic multibranched C₂₅ polyenes. Structural and distributional similarities between the C₂₀ and C₂₅ multibranched hydrocarbons suggest that they may be structurally homologous and share a common source.     

隐晶态葡萄石的鉴定

隐晶态矿物鉴定是岩矿鉴定中的难题。因其为晶体与非晶质矿物的过渡相,因而不具有可鉴定的光学性质。本文根据成因矿物学分析,判定该标本中呈斜长石外貌的隐晶态矿物为葡萄石。经X射线衍射光谱和红外光谱分析得到确认。本文的意义在于:提出了成因矿物学分析方法为选择最终鉴定隐晶态矿物测试手段的新思路。     

记云南中三叠世新的裂齿鱼类(英文)

记述了产自云南中三叠世的裂齿鱼类3个新属种——邓氏富源裂齿鱼(Fuyuanperleidus dengi gen.et sp.nov.)、苏氏罗平裂齿鱼(Luopingperleidus sui gen.et sp.nov.)和小齿滇东裂齿鱼(Diandongperleidus denticulatus gen.et sp.nov.)。邓氏富源裂齿鱼区别于其它裂齿鱼的特征,包括上颌骨形状、上下颌牙齿大小及形状、头骨纹饰、上颌骨与第一眶下骨愈合、高鳞片。苏氏罗平裂齿鱼区别于其它裂齿鱼的特征,包括三角形的鳃条骨、腹鳍前有4列水平方向的高鳞片、3个臀鳞。小齿滇东裂齿鱼区别于其它裂齿鱼的特征,包括胸鳍、腹鳍、背鳍和臀鳍前面鳍条的前缘具有小锯齿,鳞片后缘具有许多小锯齿。裂齿鱼类的新发现不仅丰富了中国华南裂齿鱼类的多样性,而且提供了裂齿鱼类在三叠纪全球辐射的新信息。     

First record of a clupeomorph fish in the Neuquén Group (Portezuelo Formation), Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina

A new genus and species of clupeomorph fish, Leufuichthys minimus, is described from the fluvial deposits of the Portezuelo Formation, Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) of the Neuquén Group, Patagonia, Argentina. It is a small-sized fish with an estimated body length up to 46 mm. Among other characters, the new species shows the following: abdominal scutes; abdomen moderately convex; anal fin elongate-based; three uroneurals; two epurals; caudal fin bearing very elongate rays; and cycloid scales. Leufuichthys minimus gen. et sp. nov. shows a greater similarity with Kwangoclupea dartevellei, a clupeomorph described from a marine Cenomanian deposit of the Democratic Republic of Congo (Africa), mainly due to the presence of an elongate-based anal fin, bearing more than 20 fin-rays, differing from it by the presence of a not hypertrophied abdomen. As far as known, L. minimus gen. et sp. nov. is the first clupeomorph described in the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and represents one fortuitous preservation of an articulated fish in fluvial deposits.     

利用潘家铮极值原理与和声搜索算法进行土坡稳定分析

基于潘家铮极大极小值原理,结合和声搜索算法提出了一种土坡稳定分析的新方法。对给定的滑动面,利用和声搜索算法寻找出能使该滑动面具有最大抗滑稳定安全系数的内力分布,其间可以考虑土条发生局部破坏后的内力调整过程。同样利用和声搜索算法搜索出土坡最危险的滑动面。将该法应用于简单土坡、复杂土坡的稳定分析中,与传统方法计算结果的比较证明了新方法的合理和适用性。     

The first record of redfieldiiform fish (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Triassic of Korea: Implications for paleobiology and paleobiogeography of Redfieldiiformes

A new genus and species of redfieldiiform fish, Hiascoactinus boryeongensis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a nearly complete specimen from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea. Hiascoactinus is distinguished from other redfieldiiforms by having a barely ornamented dermal skull surface except for the snout region, two heteromorphic suborbitals arranged vertically behind the postorbital, a pistol-shaped suprascapular, and dorsal and anal fins with divided fin membranes between rays. The morphological features of the snout region and dorsal and anal fins of Hiascoactinus provide important clues to understand its feeding and swimming behavior. All previously proposed Asian redfieldiiform fossils are inaccurately classified, and consequently, Hiascoactinus is regarded as the only valid redfieldiiform taxon in Asia. Hiascoactinus is assigned to the basal group of redfieldiiforms primarily based on the presence of an antopercle. The basal phylogenetic position of Hiascoactinus indicates that basal redfieldiiforms dispersed from the southern Gondwanaland to the easternmost Laurasia through the terrestrial water system, and these two landmasses were connected during the Late Triassic.     

纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性及固化机理研究

将性能优异的纳米硅粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究。通过室内试验，探讨了纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性。试验表明，一定掺量下的纳米硅粉能够显著提高水泥土的各个龄期强度。结合试验测试和理论分析，探讨了纳米硅粉在水泥水化硬化过程中的作用以及纳米硅粉与土之间的作用，在此基础上，分析了纳米硅粉改性水泥土工程性状的机理，旨在为纳米硅粉应用于工程实践开展理论和试验研究探索。     

一种新的超长桩荷载传递模型

超长桩桩侧摩阻力出现软化是一个较为普遍的现象。针对超长桩出现的侧摩阻力软化现象,提出了一种新的双曲荷载传递函数,该传递函数充分考虑了桩土相互作用的非线性特性和软化特性。依据新的荷载传递函数,利用FORTRAN语言编写了UMAT子程序。通过实例计算,对比了现场试验数据、ABAQUS自带接触对的计算结果和ABAQUS应用文中子程序后的计算结果,结果表明ABAQUS应用文中子程序计算所得的桩顶Q-s曲线、桩侧摩阻力分布曲线和桩侧摩阻力与桩土相对位移关系曲线都与现场试验数据更加吻合,证明文中提出的荷载传递函数可以有效地模拟超长桩桩土相互作用的非线性特性和软化特性,并且对超长桩承载力的估算更加合理可靠。     

New species of Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan Province, China

Abstract: Saurichthys dawaziensis sp. nov., from the third member of the Gejiu Formation (Anisian of Middle Triassic) in the vicinity of Luoping, Yunnan Province, is a small to medium- sized saurichthyid fish. It is characterized by the efferent pseudobranchial arteries penetrating on the parasphenoid and the mandible sensory canal with a branch in the angular. The new species is more derived than the Lower Triassic species in having a relatively narrow postorbital region, short preopercular, single ossification of the sclerotic ring, small haemal arches between the pelvic fins and the anal fin without ossified spines, and in the absence of quadratojugal. It is more primitive than the Middle and Upper Triassic Saurichthys in having fringing fulcra and numerous segments in the unpaired fins, and the presence of both prae- and post-zygapophyses in the neural arches. Some anatomic changes related to the vertebral column and unpaired fins of the genus are also discussed.     

An Improved Method for Calculating Paleoheat Flow from Vitrinite Reflectance Profiles

lNTRODUCTIONIt is wel1 established that the vitrinite reflectance (R<, ) de-pends on the temperature history that a basin has undergone.In general, Ro is a function of maximum paleotemperature andeffective heating time. Thus, the paleotemperature of sedi-ments and the value of vitrinite ref1ectance are controlled by theflow of heat Q(t) into the basin and by the thermal parametersof the sediments. Therefore, in principle, it is possible to cal-culate the thermal vitrinite reflectance of …     

Two New“Notostracans”,Chenops gen.nov.and Jeholops gen.nov. (Crustacea:Branchiopoda:?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation,Northeastern China

<正>The Early Cretaceous Jehol biota of northeastern China contains a diverse group of notostracans, including two genera,Chenops and Jeholops,described here.Chenops is characterized by a combination of an ovate carapace,narrow anal plate,equant distal endites and endopod on the anterior thoracic limbs.In addition to the new species,Chenops yixianensis,the genus also provisionally includes Prolepidurus oblongus Oleynikov, 1968.Jeholops,however,is monotypic,represented by the new species Jeholops hongi.It is characterized by a combination of kazacharthran and notostracan features unique to this taxon.Both new genera are provisionally placed in the taxon Notostraca.More detailed work exploring the morphology of exceptionally-preserved branchiopod crustaceans is needed.The difficulties in placing fossil notostracans into a phylogenetic framework are discussed.     

济南张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水供水潜力探讨

济南南部广布巨厚张夏组灰岩,其中赋存优质丰富的岩溶地下水。出露众多泉水,其流量为800—8000m^3／d。该文通过简述济南地区张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水的赋存条件与水文地质特征,概略计算与评价其资源量,论证开发利用这一新水源的可行性,以期为济南供水与保泉开辟新途径。     

陕北横山晚三叠世造迹鱼类恢复

运用遗迹化石恢复造迹动物的形态结构是古遗迹学研究的难点.近年来在陕北横山晚三叠世地层中发现大量完好的鱼类游泳遗迹, 能较好地恢复造迹鱼类鳍的着生位置及相关形态结构, 确定造迹鱼的类型.通过游泳遗迹的形态结构与鱼类形态结构相互关系的分析, 建立了游泳遗迹形态结构参数与造迹鱼类形态结构参数之间的数学关系式.通过计算显示同一遗迹种的鱼鳍间距与鱼体长度比值一定, 这与现代鱼类形体特征一致.应用该方法恢复了研究区两遗迹种的造迹鱼类, 其中Undichna britannica造迹鱼类的尾鳍和臀鳍间距与体长之比为0.3, 臀鳍和胸鳍间距与体长之比为0.45~0.5, 尾鳍和腹鳍间距与体长之比为0.49~0.5, 与邻区相同层位发现的鱼类实体化石Wayaobulepis zichangensis相关特征一致.另一遗迹种Undichna tricosta恢复的尾鳍和臀鳍间距与体长之比约为0.35, 可能与本区相同层位发现的Saurichthys huanshenensis特征相似.      

膨胀土边坡稳定性非连续变形分析新方法

许多膨胀土边坡在长期的地质和干湿循环的自然气候作用下裂隙逐渐发展,以致被裂隙分割成块体系统。将膨胀土边坡看成是一个具有非饱和土本构关系、块体间存在摩擦力和膨胀力和具有牵引式滑动及时空效应特点的块体系统,建立了一种新的边坡稳定性非连续变形分析方法,并应用于某高速公路段膨胀土边坡稳定性的分析中,获到了很好的效果。     

A New Genus of Paleonisciformes from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in Heilongjiang Province,China

We report a new genus and species of Paleonisciformes-Cretolepis dongbeiensis gen. et sp. nov.,from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. The new materials can be distinguished from other Paleonisciformes genera by possessing the following characteristics: a sclerotic ring composed of more than five small bones; three pieces of suborbitals; one dermohyomandibular;a jaw hanging apparently inclined anteriorly; long and tall horizontal branch of the preopercular, a short vertical branch, with the angle formed by the two branches slightly higher than 90°; a triangular dorsal fin in the middle point between the pelvic and anal fins. The discovery of Mesozoic Paleonisciformes in northeastern China adds to the biodiversity and geographic distribution of Paleonisciformes.     

天然气——21世纪的能源

天然气是一种生态型能源或理想的城市能源。综述了世纪之交的全球天然气工业发展状况,包括储量的增长、输气管道的延长、液化天然气厂的发展和天然气利用技术的进步。介绍了有关国家的天然气利用法规和政策。预测了21世纪全世界天然气供需趋势。论述了为什么说天然气是21世纪的能源。指出了当前和未来全球天然气工业面临的挑战。     

西秦岭东段侵入岩的构造成因类型

造山带复杂的地壳组成决定了侵入岩的地球化学特征，侵入岩的分布规律、就位机制受造山过程制约。在综合分析西秦岭东段侵入岩的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素地球化学等特征的基础上，提出一个新的侵入岩构造成因分类方案，即造山带侵入岩可分为俯冲碰撞型、陆陆碰撞型、造山期后型、板内裂谷型、板内浅熔型和板内深熔型６类     

灰色系统理论在1：20万区域重力调查研究中的应用

根据石牛山、石柱山实测火山构造的重力、航磁、物性、地质，地貌等特征，应用灰色系统理论中灰关联分析方法推测石牛山－石柱山晚白垩世火山构造洼地东部局部重力低异常由火山构造引起。     

New Genus and Species of Fossil Dragonflies （Insecta： Odonata） from the Yixian Formation of Northeastern China

Two well-preserved fossil dragonflies from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China are described and assigned to a new genus, Sopholibellula gen. nov. in Araripelibellulidae Bechly, 1996, closely related to the type genus Araripelibellula. This new genus differs from AraripelibeUula in the following characters： origins of RP and MA distinctly separated at arculus in both pairs of wings; anal loop wider and shorter, with Y-shaped veins inside; MA and IR2 not zigzag; several small intercalary veins present in the postdiscoidal area of hindwing; cells smaller and much more dense, especially in the apex and hind margin; bigger in size. Structures, including head, abdomen and parts of legs, were first described in details of this family.