基于MapX Mobile开发的个人移动导航系统

随着导航技术的发展,个人移动导航系统成为人们关注的热点。本文开发了一种基于M apX Mob ile的个人移动导航系统,针对GPS与G IS集成中的以下关键技术进行研究:GPS信号的接收和处理、GPS信号点的地图匹配。     

A Chain-Code-Based Map Matching Algorithm for Wheelchair Navigation

Accurate vehicle tracking is essential for navigation systems to function correctly. Unfortunately, GPS data is still plagued with errors that frequently produce inaccurate trajectories. Research in map matching algorithms focuses on how to efficiently match GPS tracking data to the underlying road network. This article presents an innovative map matching algorithm that considers the trajectory of the data rather than merely the current position as in the typical map matching case. Instead of computing the precise angle which is traditionally used, a discrete eight-direction chain code, to represent a trend of movement, is used. Coupled with distance information, map matching decisions are made by comparing the differences between trajectories representing the road segments and GPS tracking data chain-codes. Moreover, to contrast the performance of the chain-code algorithm, two evaluation strategies, linear and non-linear, are analyzed. The presented chain-code map matching algorithm was evaluated for wheelchair navigation using university campus sidewalk data. The evaluation results indicate that the algorithm is efficient in terms of accuracy and computational time.     

Identification of GPS positioning solutions deteriorated by signal degradations using a fuzzy inference system

The accuracy of GPS positioning based on pseudorange measurements under signal degradation environments is limited by poor satellite geometry and signal distortions due to diffraction and multipath. As a result, the GPS position solutions could become unreliable. Those deteriorated solutions should be identified and not used for navigation. For that purpose, methods for reliable identification of deteriorated GPS positioning solutions from a navigation receiver should be developed. In this paper, a fuzzy inference system is proposed to classify the quality of GPS positioning solutions. The input for the system includes the signal quality evaluated by the difference between the measured and expected carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) and the satellites geometry strength evaluated by the dilution of precision (DOP) number. The proposed fuzzy inference system is developed based on the human knowledge and understanding of the problem under consideration and is further optimized using data acquired from the field. The test results indicate that the proposed method can be used for reliable identification of deteriorated GPS position solutions affected by signal degradations.     

GPS/DR/MM组合导航中的车辆定位精度研究

本文介绍了GPS/DR/MM的工作模式和地图匹配的原则和方法,探讨了将车辆位置匹配到路段上的两种方法,即利用地图数据库或GPS点直接向路段投影。本文从理论角度提出提高车辆路段定位精度的方法,并利用公式进行了推导证明。推导结果表明,利用上述两种方法对车辆位置进行最佳估计,所获得的车辆位置的不确定性大大降低,为组合导航提供了理论依据。     

基于模糊数学的GPS定位精度优化

提高C／A码GPS接收机的定位精度对导航具有重要意义。本文利用模糊数学知识分析对定位精度影响的因素，给出隶属度函数和定位精度评估函数。对其性质进行分析，最后给出最优解的计算方法。     

基于多尺度预处理的GPS/SINS组合导航系统

基于多尺度分析的思想,以离散小波变换为工具,利用小波对惯性元件输出的信息进行并行阈值消噪以削弱惯性元件误差对SINS及组合系统性能的影响;然后,对GPS输出的信息进行并行多尺度预处理,并结合传统的Kalman滤波方法,对系统进行综合滤波;将上述方法引入到GPS/SINS组合导航系统中,利用实测数据进行验证,并给出了基于不同方法的大量实验曲线。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效削弱惯性元件以及GPS误差对系统的影响,提高了GPS/SINS组合导航系的精度和可靠性。     

GPS车辆导航中的实时地图匹配算法

通过误差来源的分析和误差模型的建立，提出了一种车辆导航中GPS定位测量与数字地图实时配准的地图匹配算法，这使得在现有的基本硬件配置条件下，车辆导航定位精度更高。最后对算法进行了分析，并给出了统计结果。     

基于GPS/DR车辆定位与导航系统应用研究

介绍了基于GPS／DR车辆定位系统的基本框架，将其划分为7个功能模块。给出了满足导航电子地图的数据结构。在分析影响地图匹配正确性因素的基础上，给出了基于模糊逻辑的地图匹配算法，显著提高了车辆定位精度。分析了车辆路线导航系统的特点，采用启发式搜索技术，提高了算法效率。最后给出了采用上述关键技术的车辆定位导航系统设计方案，该方案的软硬件都采用嵌入式设计。     

多传感器与道路网数据用于汽车导航的研究

对车载导航系统中GPS接收机，车论计数器和电子罗盘传感器数据与导航电子地图所提供的道路网络数据进行了综合处理，建立了道路网络数据的网络拓扑关系，在此基础上提出了基于道路网络拓扑关系，利用GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器对汽车进行实时定位的算法。最后，对导航中汽车的定位误差进行了分析。实验证明，GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器与道路网络数据综合，在导航过程中能够补偿GPS信号技失，实时、高精度、高可靠性地确定汽车的位置。     

Performance of GPS and GPS/SINS navigation in the CE-5T1 skip re-entry mission

A CE-5T1 spacecraft completed a high-speed skip re-entry to the earth after a circumlunar flight on October 31, 2014. In addition to the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a lightweight GPS receiver with rapid acquisition was developed as a navigation sensor in the re-entry capsule. The GPS receiver effectively solved the poor accuracy problem of long-term navigation using only the SINS. In contrast to ground users and low-earth-orbit spacecraft, numerous factors, including high altitude and kinetic characteristics in high-speed skip re-entry, are important for GPS positioning feasibility and were presented in accordance with the flight data. GPS solutions started at nearly 4900 km orbital altitude during the phases of re-entry process. These solutions were combined by an inertial measurement unit in a loosely coupled integrated navigation method and SINS navigation initialization. A simplified GPS/SINS navigation filter for limited resources was effectively developed and implemented on board for spacecraft application. Flight data estimation analyses, including trajectory, attitude, position distribution of GPS satellite, and navigation accuracy, were presented. The estimated accuracy of position was better than 42 m, and the accuracy of velocity was better than 0.1 m/s.     

GPS和惯性测量设备的数据联合处理研究

惯性导航设备有采用率高、自主强等特点。由于惯性导航设备的定位结果随误差漂移,因此需要其他定位技术的结果来校正这种漂移。GPS具有定位精度高全球覆盖等特点,但卫星信号在受到阻挡时会对定位结果产生影响,采用GPS和惯性导航设备相互结合可以弥补单系统的不足,使得定位系统更加完善。本文针对某型号惯性测量单元数据采集中的粗差进行处理,实现了非耦合GPS和惯性测量单元的组合处理。行车试验的重复测量结果表明,GPS和惯性测量的组合可以抑制惯性测量导航系统的飘移误差,获得高采样率的输出结果。     

一种新型的城市道路地图匹配方法

提出了一种充分利用道路交叉口约束的地图匹配方法,并采用低成本的IMU/里程计组合导航系统采集无人驾驶汽车的定位数据,利用开源的OpenStreetMap地图对其进行地图匹配.试验表明,本文算法适用于城市交通环境,并能满足实时解算要求,单点平均耗时0.11 ms,在查全率89%的情况下,匹配准确率可达100%.     

切比雪夫多项式拟合方法在车辆导航应用中的研究

车辆导航已成为交通领域一个研究热点。利用GPS导航系统可以获取良好的导航定位精度,但是GPS信号在城市大密度的建筑群中容易被遮挡,从而影响车辆导航过程。而DR系统虽能持续地提供服务,但是其精度随时间变差,从而无法取得良好效果。利用切比雪夫拟合方法,在GPS卫星信号失锁情况下,对DR数据进行拟合处理,并把处理结果与未失锁情况下的GPS导航数据进行比较,验证切比雪夫拟合效果。     

车载导航系统的高精度定位算法

提出了一种基于联合卡尔曼滤波理论和地图匹配技术的高精度车载导航系统定位方法。该方法一方面对联合卡尔曼滤波器的结构进行简化,简化后的联合滤波器能够较好地将全球定位系统（GPS）与航位推算系统（DR）获取的空间信息进行融合,不仅较大程度地减小滤波计算量,而且避免了子滤波器间误差的互相干扰,提高了空间定位精度。另一方面提出了根据行车方向与位置匹配行车道路的技术,该技术不仅具有较好的行车道路匹配效果,而且能够对各种行车异常情况进行处理。实验证明,本文提出的方法能够较好地满足车载导航系统对空间定位方法实时性及高精度的要求。     

SDINS/GPS in-flight alignment using GPS carrier phase rate

The alignments of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) utilizing GPS carrier phase rate measurements is introduced. In this paper, a measurement model of GPS carrier phase rate under two antenna configurations is derived in order to be used for the SDINS alignment process. For in-flight alignment, the performance of the proposed SDINS/GPS integration method is analyzed using the covariance analysis and the overall performance is briefly confirmed by the navigation result of a van test. Furthermore, we find that during in-flight alignment the proposed SDINS/GPS integrated system using GPS carrier phase rate measurements can be implemented in real time because the integer ambiguity problem resulting from carrier phase measurements is avoided.     

Mapping Apeldoorn

Abstract

Navigation around urban areas is often constraining for the mobility-impaired due to the fabric of the urban landscape, and there is a need to provide maps tailored to individual abilities. Barriers to effective navigation, such as slope, surface type and dropped kerbs, differ for able-bodied pedestrians and wheelchair users. This study identifies and quantifies such differences, and develops a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) network model for the creation of accessibility maps for wheelchair users. The measurement of barriers uses Digital Elevation Models, calculation of rolling resistance, and surveys in the field using hand-held GIS. A spatial database has been constructed which contains the pedestrian route network and barriers to navigation. A GIS application runs the model, providing a user-friendly interface to define and calculate routes through the pedestrian route network that take account of impedances to accessibility. The model, application and interface has been tested with wheelchair users and the route selection provides a good correspondence with patterns of route finding already established through experience. The interface and individually tailored maps generated, provide a tool suitable to assist wheelchair users new to an area; to enable better navigation for existing users, and a means for planners to consider the way in which access is restricted for wheelchair users in their designs for more inclusive urban environments.     

Design of a low-cost attitude determination GPS/INS integrated navigation system

Due to their complementary features of GPS and INS, the GPS/INS integrated navigation system is increasingly being used for a variety of commercial and military applications. An attitude determination GPS (ADGPS) receiver, with multiple antennas, can be more effectively integrated with a low-cost IMU since the receiver gives not only position and velocity data but also attitude data. This paper proposes a low-cost attitude determination GPS/INS integrated navigation system. The proposed navigation system comprises an ADGPS receiver, a navigation computer unit (NCU), and a low-cost commercial MEMS IMU. The navigation software includes a fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm for integrity. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed navigation system, two flight tests have been performed using a small aircraft. The first flight test confirmed the fundamental operation of the proposed navigation system and the effectiveness of the FDI algorithm. The second flight test evaluated the performance of the proposed navigation system and demonstrated the benefit of GPS attitude information in a high dynamic environment. The flight test results show that the proposed ADGPS/INS integrated navigation unit gives reliable navigation performance even when anomalous GPS data is provided and gives better navigation performance than a conventional GPS/INS unit.     

基于GPS软件接收机的SINS／GPS紧组合系统仿真

为了系统验证SINS／GPS紧组合系统的性能,基于GPS软件接收机,进行了仿真系统构建。仿真系统由轨迹发生器、GPS中频信号模拟器、IMU信号模拟器、GPS软件接收机、SINS导航解算模块、组合滤波算法和导航性能分析模块等部分构成,其中详细设计了GPS软件接收机中的捕获和跟踪算法、SINS解算以及基于伪距和伪距率的组合滤波算法。仿真结果表明：紧组合导航系统收敛性较好,能够一定程度上抑制惯导系统误差的积累,有较好的导航性能。设计的该系统满足紧组合导航系统性能验证的需要,也为后续的超紧组合研究奠定了良好的基础。     

北斗/INS组合导航关键技术分析

组合导航系统有利于充分利用各导航系统进行信息互补与信息合作,成为导航系统发展的方向。在所有的组合导航系统中,以GPS与惯性导航系统INS组合的系统最为理想,而深组合方式是GPS与惯性导航系统（INS）组合的最优方法。鉴于GPS的不可依赖性,北斗卫星导航系统与INS的组合是组合导航系统的发展趋势,研究其组合模式具有重要意义。通过分析、评述国外INS/GPS深组合导航系统的发展现状,提出我国自主研制INS/北斗深组合导航系统需要解决的关键技术。     

GPS/INS组合制导技术在现代战争中的应用及发展趋势

现代战争大量使用精确制导武器,广泛应用先进的GPS／INS组合制导技术。分析了GPS／INS组合制导技术的优势,结合其在军事领域的应用,展望了GPS／INS关键技术的发展趋势。