不同植被LAI的MODIS反演及其在青藏高原东部的应用

应用Terra和Aqua卫星的MODIS资料和三维叶分布模式,结合MODIS陆地植被覆盖产品数据,估算了6种生物群落的LAI,并与我国西北地区叶面积仪观测结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,从两颗卫星连续8天的观测资料可以估算出LAI,反演结果的相对误差基本在±20%以内,平均相对误差为13.7%,说明该方法可以反演实际植被的LAI;根据植被类型的差异,建立了6种生物群落LAI与NDVI的指数关系,相关性较好;青藏高原东部的LAI时间变化有不一致性的特征,反映了不同生物群落的生物学特性的差异;不同季节的LAI变化在空间上有很大差异,说明本研究区域西部冷、干和高原东部相对暖、湿的复杂气候特征。     

利用ASTER数据估算2002年4月阿克苏地表特征和植被参数

利用ASTER卫星可见光和短波红外波段数据,估算了2002年4月12日阿克苏地区地表特征参数(地表温度T、地表反射率α)和植被参数(归一化植被指数NDVI、修正的土壤调整植被指数MSA-VI、植被覆盖度Pv和叶面积指数LAI等)。结果表明,各种植被参数在沙漠地区较小,而在绿洲中的值较大。同时本文认为ASTER遥感数据有较高的地面分辨率,利用它可以更好地反映地表的植被参数及地表特征参数状况;还指出了ASTER卫星数据在沙漠绿洲中的适用性。     

基于NOAA AVHRR NDVI的西藏拉萨地区植被季节变化

根据每周的NOAA全球植被指数(GLOBAL VEGETATION NDVI,GVI),分析了西藏拉萨地区1985-1999年GVI的变化趋势及其与降水、气温等主要气候要素的相关性,并选择沿91°E和30°N两条区域内典型的样本带,进一步分析了这两个样本带上基于1 km分辨率NOAA NDVI反映的地表植被随季节的变化情况.研究表明,1985-1999年长时间序列的NOAA GVI反映了拉萨地区以天然植被为主的植被覆盖的生长特点,包括季节和年际变化.自20世纪80年代中期到90年代末拉萨地区以天然植被为主的植被覆盖状况有所好转;拉萨地区NDVI值对降水的变化很敏感,月平均NDVI和月降水总量之间存在明显的相关,其相关系数达0.75,而与温度的相关系数为0.63.     

黄河源区植被变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应过程研究

利用1982～2001年NOAA/AVHRR(美国大气海洋局卫星/甚高分辨率辐射计)NDVI(归一化植被指数)资料、2000～2008年EOS/MODIS(地球观测系统卫星/中等分辨率成像光谱仪)NDVI资料以及1982～2008年黄河源区的玛多、玛曲和兴海气象台站逐月气温和降水资料,分析了黄河源区玛多、玛曲和兴海地区...     

巴里坤植被覆盖动态变化及气象因素分析

利用2003-2010年5-10月巴里坤250 m分辨率的EOS-MODIS卫星影像数据,通过预处理、几何校正、NDVI计算以及最大值合成,并计算植被盖度,依照盖度值将地表植被总盖度划分为高、中、低覆盖三类,得到连续8 a巴里坤植被盖度的动态变化:植被总盖度在16%～44%范围内波动,2007年植被盖度相对较高,200...     

基于植被生长规律的陕西省植被遥感分类

植被类型的差异除了可表现为光谱差异外,还可表现为植被生长规律的差异。植被生长以年为周期,在这个生长周期内不同植被类型有着各自的生繁衰枯的物候节律,表现出不同的生长规律。归一化植被指数NDVI是植被生长状况的敏感指示器,一年内的NDVI所构成的NDVI的时间序列曲线是表征植被生长规律的理想方法,因此利用NDVI时间序列进行植被分类是完全可行的。利用2004年全年的MODIS资料,选取距离星下点周围1000 km以内完全包含陕西省行政区域的晴空(包括部分晴空)250 m分辨率资料计算NDVI,采用NDVI多时相最大值合成法(MVC),生成了一年的月合成NDVI数据集产品,应用ISODATA算法进行非监督动态聚类。在地理信息系统的支持下,结合以往的植被类型、土地利用、种植制度区划、电子地图等辅助地理信息数据,对分类结果进行了解译和验证,并分析了各类植被类型的NDVI时间序列曲线。表明分类结果能客观地反映植被分布的地域性;各类NDVI曲线之间差别显著,有着明显的可分性,它们如实地刻画了各种植被的生长规律,并能区分植被生长规律的细微差异。     

西北地区陆地生态系统植被状态参数业务化遥感研究

植被指数(NDVI)和叶面积指数(LAI)是两个非常重要的陆地生态系统植被状态参数.我们首先利用最大值(MVC)合成方法使用先进遥感数据如MODIS、AVHRR3等得到旬合成植被指数(NDVI),然后利用最新的经验方法针对不同的陆地生态系统类型反演得到叶面积指数,重点研究了我国沙尘暴发生频率较高的我国西北地区植被覆被状态及其变化情况.植被指数能够反映区域,乃至全球范围植被年季状态,用于监测陆地生态系统植物光合作用活动及其变化.植被指数作为一个基础参数能够用于计算反演更高级别的陆地生态系统状态参数.叶面积指数直接影响植被的光合作用,蒸腾作用的变化和陆面过程的能量平衡状态.在沙尘暴预测研究中使用的起沙过程模型需要将叶面积指数作为一个关键输入变量,另外,绝大多数生态过程模型模拟碳、水循环时也都需要将叶面积指数作为一个非常重要的输入变量.我们总结了最新的叶面积指数经验反演方法,针对6钟不同的陆地生态系统类型应用不同经验模型计算得到了叶面积指数.     

黄河源区植被覆盖度对区域气候影响的数值模拟

利用1997-2006年8km空间分辨率的AVHRR/NDVI,得到了与区域气候模式RegCM3具有相同分辨率的植被覆盖度时间序列,并用其替代RegCM3模式中默认的植被覆盖度,对黄河源区主要气候要素进行了数值模拟。结果表明,使用卫星遥感估算的植被覆盖度,模拟的黄河源区气象台站月平均气温更接近实测值,局地降水量也有一定...     

利用卫星遥感资料估算区域尺度空气温度

空气温度是地球大气系统能量和水分循环的关键参数,气象台站观测的空气温度是单点观测的,空间代表性较差,在区域尺度模型中应用还存在一些问题,作者提出了一个从卫星遥感资料直接反演空气温度的新方法。基于NOAAAVHRR资料反演的地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,T_(LS))和地面观测的空气温度(Air Temperature,T_a)的相关关系,建立了稀疏植被区域不同高程范围的空气温度遥感估算统计方法;基于NDVI和T_(LS)的梯形空间特征关系,建立了在中、高植被覆盖区域的空气温度遥感估算物理方法。经检验,稀疏植被区域空气温度反演绝对误差在1.5～1.8℃之间,中、高植被覆盖区域空气温度反演平均绝对误差为1.61℃,表明作者提出的空气温度遥感反演方法是可行的。     

京津冀地区气溶胶光学厚度反演及其空间分布特征

利用2014年9月1日至2015年5月31日Terra/MODIS MOD 021KM数据,以京津冀地区为研究区域,采用深蓝算法和查找表法反演京津冀地区1 km分辨率的气溶胶光学厚度,并将反演的气溶胶光学厚度与NASA产品和CE-318观测的气溶胶光学厚度进行比较。结果表明:反演的气溶胶光学厚度与NASA MOD 04_L2(10 km×10 km)和MOD 04_3K(3 km×3 km)两种气溶胶产品的空间分布具有高度的一致性,且空间分辨率更高;反演的气溶胶光学厚度与石家庄站CE-318观测气溶胶光学厚度的平均绝对误差为0.07左右,二者之间的相关系数R~2=0.956。卫星过境时,1 km反演的气溶胶光学厚度与MOD 04_L2气溶胶产品的平均误差约为0.06,反演的气溶胶光学厚度与MOD 04_3K气溶胶产品的平均误差约为0.03。对反演的气溶胶光学厚度与河北省PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的空间分布进行相关性分析表明,气溶胶光学厚度AOD与PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的相关系数分别为0.745、0.663,说明1 km反演的AOD可以有效反映区域PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的空间分布。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.