Characteristics of Lower Crustal Granulite Xenoliths from the East Qinling Orogenic Belt and Their Tectonic Significance

The Tongbai granulites are present mainly as xenoliths in granodioritic gneisses. The xenoliths with a zircon age of 470Ma are older than the host rocks of granodioritic gneisses which yield a zircon age of 435Ma. It is suggested that the granulites were transported from the lower crust to the upper level along with granodioritic magma. Geothermometrical and geobarometrical studies based on the coexisting minerals (Opx-Cpx and Opx-Gar) show that the granulites were crystallized at 818 –840 °C and 9.5−9.8 × 10⁸ Pa corresponding to the lower crust. Tectonically, the Shangdan suture zone constitutes the boundary between the North China and Yangtze plates. The zone is char acterized by the occurrence of ophiolites in the western part and by that of granulites in the eastern part. So the western part marks the upper crustal level of the Qinling belt, while the eastern part represents the exposure of a deeper level. The results of isotopic dating and the geochemical characteristics of the xenoliths are consistent with those of metatholeiites of the ophiolites in the western part. Therefore, it is assumed that both ophiolites found in the west and granulites found in the east all represent the remnants of the ancient Qinling ocean plate. The difference is that the ophiolites are pieces of obducted fragments from the ocean floor during the subduction in the Early Palaeozoic. However, in the Tongbai area, when the ocean floor was subducting towards the lower crust, it underwent a granulite fades metamorphism. Subsequently, granodioritic magma formed by partial melting trapped some fragments of granulite upwards. This project was jointly granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Stiftung Volkswagenwerk of Germany     

What Happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the Period 2560-1850 Ma？

The Trans-North China Orogen （TNCO） was a Paleoproterozic continent-continent collisional belt along which the Eastern and Western Blocks amalgamated to form a coherent North China Craton （NCC）. Recent geological, structural, geochemical and isotopic data show that the orogen was a continental margin or Japan-type arc along the western margin of the Eastern Block, which was separated from the Western Block by an old ocean, with eastward-directed subduction of the oceanic lithosphere beneath the western margin of the Eastern Block. At 2550-2520 Ma, the deep subduction caused partial melting of the medium-lower crust, producing copious granitoid magma that was intruded into the upper levels of the crust to form granitoid plutons in the low- to medium-grade granite-greeustone terranes. At 2530-2520 Ma, subduction of the oceanic lithosphere caused partial melting of the mantle wedge, which led to underplating of mafic magma in the lower crust and widespread mafic and minor felsic volcanism in the arc, forming part of the greenstone assemblages. Extension driven by widespread mafic to felsic volcanism led to the development of back-arc and/or intra-arc basins in the orogen. At 2520-2475 Ma, the subduction caused further partial melting of the lower crust to form large amounts of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic （TTG） magmatism. At this time following further extension of back-arc basins, episodic granitoid magmatism occurred, resulting in the emplacement of 2360 Ma, -2250 Ma 2110-21760 Ma and -2050 Ma granites in the orogen. Contemporary volcano-sedimentary rocks developed in the back-arc or intra-are basins. At 2150-1920 Ma, the orogen underwent several extensional events, possibly due to subduction of an oceanic ridge, leading to emplacement of mafic dykes that were subsequently metamorphosed to amphibolites and medium- to high-pressure mafic granulites. At 1880-1820 Ma, the ocean between the Eastern and Western Blocks was completely consumed by subduction, and the dosing of the ocean led to the continent-arc-continent collision, which caused large-scale thrusting and isoclinal folds and transported some of the rocks into the lower crustal levels or upper mantle to form granulites or eclogites. Peak metamorphism was followed by exhumation/uplift, resulting in widespread development of asymmetric folds and symplectic textures in the rocks.     

华北克拉通南缘四十里长山地区中生代脉岩的锆石 U-Pb 定年及成因初探

华北克拉通南缘四十里长山地区岩浆活动弱,仅发育中生代脉岩,因此缺乏对形成时代和岩浆作用的研究。本文依据四十里长山地区脉岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果和全岩元素地球化学分析确定其形成时代及成因。四十里长山地区脉岩由基性、酸性两个端元组成,按岩性可分为煌斑岩脉岩、花岗斑岩脉岩及正长岩类脉岩,其侵位年龄分别为：80.9±1.8 Ma、86.1±1.0 Ma和85.6±1.0 Ma,构成一套晚白垩世双峰式侵入岩组合。四十里长山地区基性煌斑岩起源于富集大陆岩石圈地幔的部分熔融岩浆,内含416 Ma左右的继承性锆石和偏钠质的煌斑岩,暗示了地幔源区含俯冲扬子陆壳的混入岩和软流圈地幔的改造;酸性脉岩属于A型花岗质岩石,起源于底侵的幔源基性岩浆诱发地壳物质部分熔融形成的壳源酸性岩浆以及它们的混合岩浆。中国东部乃至东北亚地区晚白垩世火成岩的空间展布特征证实,四十里长山地区双峰式脉岩的形成与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲作用相联系,其形成于类似弧后盆地的板内伸展环境。     

胶北地体多期变质事件的P-T-t轨迹及其对胶-辽-吉带形成与演化的制约

胶北地体位于华北克拉通东部陆块胶-辽-吉带南端,主要由闪长质-TTG-花岗质片麻岩、变质表壳岩系和变质镁铁-超镁铁质岩所组成。本文通过对胶北早前寒武纪变质岩系的岩石学、矿物化学、变质反应结构和序列、变质温度和压力估算与同位素年代学资料的综合研究和总结,得出以下重要结论:(1)与华北克拉通东部陆块其它地区太古宙变质基底类似,本区也存在~2500Ma区域性新太古代变质事件,且与本区2550~2500Ma岩浆作用在时间上非常接近,其变质作用发生的时间比岩浆作用要晚10~50Myr,指示本区~2500Ma区域性变质事件可能与大规模的幔源岩浆底侵作用存在密切的成因关系。(2)胶北还存在1950~1850Ma区域性古元古代变质事件,并导致了大量高压基性和泥质麻粒岩的形成,高压基性麻粒岩主要以不规则透镜体、变形岩墙群或岩脉群的形式赋存于闪长质-TTG-花岗质片麻岩之中,并集中分布在安丘-平度-莱西-莱阳-栖霞一带,大致沿北东-南西向断续带状分布,构成了一条长约300km的古元古代高压麻粒岩相变质带。(3)本区古元古代高压麻粒岩以记录近等温减压(ITD)及随后近等压降温(IBC)的顺时针P-T-t轨迹为特征,指示本区变质杂岩在古元古代晚期曾强烈地卷入了与俯冲-拼贴-碰撞造山有关的构造过程,并可能经历了如下复杂的构造演化:(I)在古元古代晚期2000~1950Ma,随着有限大洋地壳的持续俯冲作用,本区各类变质岩的原岩开始经历一次构造增厚事件,并导致了它们的原岩经历了早期绿片岩相-角闪岩相进变质作用;(II)1950~1870Ma,大洋地壳俯冲作用结束,本区开始发生弧-陆拼贴和陆-陆碰撞作用,大陆地壳持续缩短和加厚,在加厚下地壳或岛弧根部带约50km的深度,发生了区域性高压麻粒岩相变质作用,并导致了本区变基性岩和变泥质岩分别形成了石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石±角闪石±石英±铁-钛氧化物和石榴石+蓝晶石+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+石英+铁-钛氧化物+熔体的高压麻粒岩相矿物组合。(III)1870~1800Ma,在同碰撞峰期变质结束之后,本区造山作用进入了后碰撞构造折返-伸展演化阶段,先后经历了早期快速构造折返和晚期缓慢冷却降温两个构造热演化阶段。其中,在早期快速构造折返阶段,高压麻粒岩经历了峰后近等温或略微增温减压退变质作用的叠加,高压基性麻粒岩表现为沿石榴石边部形成了含斜方辉石的后成合晶。与此同时,早期快速构造折返阶段还伴随着热松弛和伸展作用,出现一系列的幔源基性岩浆活动,不仅导致了本区大量未经历高压麻粒岩相变质的变基性岩群的形成,同时也诱发了区内大规模的地壳深熔作用的发生。自温度高峰期之后,本区地壳岩石还经历了一个近等压冷却降温过程,并发生了区域性角闪岩相退变质作用,高压基性麻粒岩表现为石榴石和斜方辉石边部常出现含角闪石的退变边或后成合晶。最终,在1800Ma左右,本区含电气石花岗伟晶质岩脉的大量出现,则标志着胶北地体古元古代晚期(2000~1800Ma)俯冲-拼贴-碰撞造山作用的最终结束。     

华北北缘承德地区高压麻粒岩的变质演化历史——锆石年代学和地球化学证据

冀北承德一带的高压麻粒岩多呈弱应变域构造透镜体, 出现于由花岗片麻岩组成的宽阔的复式剪切带内, 其代表的深部地壳热运动及相应的折返机制对华北克拉通的碰撞造山模式和克拉通构造演化模式研究有着重要的制约作用。冀北承德高压麻粒岩及其围岩的锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示, 围岩原岩年龄约2500 Ma, 大约在2297 Ma基性岩侵入花岗片麻岩, 在大约2381 Ma后开始俯冲, 经历高压麻粒岩相变质, 经历俯冲及长期地壳加厚过程, 于2001 Ma之后某个时间开始折返, 在此过程中1896 Ma还有另外一期基性岩墙侵入, 在1885 Ma经历了抬升过程与麻粒岩相退变质, 而在1850 Ma经历了华北大面积高角闪岩相事件, 甚至有部分熔融出现, 此事件抹杀了大部分古元古代变质演化过程。由此可见, 承德地区甚至整个华北北部古元古代地质演化历史并不是不同地点的一两期不同事件, 而是一个复杂连续的演化过程, 以往的研究只揭示了一期或两期事件, 而承德地区高压麻粒岩的证据则记录了更多信息。     

阿尔金南缘鱼目泉岩浆混合花岗岩LA-ICP-MS测年与构造意义

阿尔金南缘鱼目泉花岗质岩体中含有大量暗色闪长质包体,岩相学及地球化学特征研究表明该岩体是由同期的幔源基性岩浆和酸性岩浆在近于液相(或"晶粥状")状态下发生不均匀混合作用的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其形成年龄(496.9±1.9Ma)与南阿尔金山大陆深俯冲超高压变质岩的峰期变质年龄(504～487Ma)相一致,且在地球化学特征上具有高Al2O3(平均15.88%),较高的K2O/Na2O值(平均1.26),高Sr(平均446×10-6),高(La/Yb)N值(平均24.04)和Sr/Y值(平均40),极低的Y(平均14.0×10-6)及Yb含量(平均1.5×10-6),类似于加厚地壳背景下形成的高Sr、低Y及Yb型花岗岩,反映出约500Ma时的南阿尔金造山带总体上处于地壳相互叠覆增厚的陆-陆碰撞造山作用阶段。分析认为,约500Ma时,南阿尔金山地区伴随着增厚地壳发生熔融作用产生大规模酸性岩浆活动的同时,还存在幔源基性岩浆的底侵,其原因可能与同时期大陆深俯冲作用所诱发的深部热地幔上升有关。     

柴达木盆地北缘新元古代-早古生代大洋的形成、发展和消亡

柴达木盆地北缘构造带是一条典型的早古生代造山带,是由陆壳深俯冲形成的高压/超高压变质带,产于其中的高压/超高压变质岩石原岩形成时代普遍大于750Ma,原岩的性质为陆壳属性,但柴北缘东段都兰沙柳河地区出露的含柯石英榴辉岩原岩的形成时代为516Ma,原岩的性质为洋壳属性,证实柴北缘局部地段还存在洋壳深俯冲,柴北缘地区可能记录了从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲再到碰撞造山这一完整的演化历史。本文主要从岩石学、年代学、地球化学以及同位素地球化学等方面对柴北缘地区陆壳深俯冲前新元古代-早古生代大洋发展与演化的岩石记录进行了系统总结,认为柴北缘地区在700~850Ma时受Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的影响发生了裂解;535~700Ma时在裂解事件的基础上形成了一个新元古代-早古生代的大洋,沿柴北缘连续分布的岩石记录表明该洋盆可能在早古生代已具有一定的规模;460~535Ma时该洋壳发生了俯冲消减作用;450~460Ma期间洋盆闭合消失。这一认识对全面深入了解柴北缘高压/超高压变质带早古生代构造演化历史具有重要意义。     

南阿尔金高压-超高温麻粒岩变质作用:大陆地壳超深俯冲与折返过程的记录

南阿尔金造山带是目前报道的具有最深俯冲记录的大陆超高压变质带,其内出露有高压-超高温麻粒岩,它们对深入理解大陆地壳岩石超深俯冲与折返过程具有重要意义.介绍了对南阿尔金巴什瓦克地区长英质麻粒岩和基性麻粒岩的岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟及锆石U-Pb年代学研究成果.其中基性麻粒岩主要记录了深俯冲大陆地壳折返过程的变质演化:包括高压榴辉岩相、高压-超高温麻粒岩相、低压-超高温麻粒岩相及随后的近等压降温演化阶段;长英质麻粒岩除了记录与基性麻粒岩相似的折返过程外,还记录了从角闪岩相到超高压榴辉岩相的进变质演化过程.结合已有研究资料,确定超高压榴辉岩阶段峰期条件> 7~9 GPa和>1 000℃,可达到斯石英稳定域.锆石年代学显示两种岩石类型的原岩和变质年龄均分别在900 Ma和500 Ma左右.变质作用与年代学研究表明,南阿尔金大陆地壳岩石在早古生代发生超深俯冲至200~300 km后,折返至加厚地壳底部发生高压-超高温变质作用,随后被快速抬升至地壳浅部发生低压-超高温变质作用并经历迅速冷却.      

北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的多期变质时代及其地质意义

在岩相学观察和锆石CL图像研究的基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区定年分析方法,本文确定北秦岭清油河退变榴辉岩的峰期变质时代为490±6Ma,退变质时代为453±9Ma,原岩形成时代为655±9Ma;松树沟超高压长英质片麻岩的峰期变质时代为497±8Ma,两期退变质时代分别为448±4Ma和421±2Ma,原岩形成时代上限832±25Ma;寨根石榴石辉石岩的峰期变质时代为498±2Ma,中压麻粒岩相退变质时代为450±3Ma,角闪岩相退变质时代为426±1Ma,原岩形成时代为573±40Ma;西峡北榴闪岩的角闪岩相变质时代为423±3Ma,原岩形成时代为843±7Ma。新确定的这些岩石的峰期变质时代与前人已报导的区内高压-超高压岩石的峰期变质时代在误差范围内基本一致,结合区内高压-超高压岩石不仅分布在秦岭岩群北缘的官坡-双槐树一带,而且断续出露在秦岭岩群中部或偏南侧的清油河北-松树沟-寨根北甚至西峡北东西一线,进一步表明它们应是同一期构造地质事件的产物。北秦岭已发现的全部正变质的高压-超高压岩石均呈透镜体状分布在围岩片麻岩中,松树沟超高压长英质片麻岩的原岩为典型的陆壳沉积物,因此,这些高压-超高压岩石的形成可能都是陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的产物。结合岩相学观察、锆石CL图像和锆石U-Pb定年表明,这些高压-超高压岩石在～500Ma经历了峰期变质作用后,又分别在～450Ma和～420Ma遭受了中压麻粒岩相和或角闪岩相退变质作用的叠加,充分说明这些高压-超高压岩石经历了一个完整的由陆壳俯冲-深俯冲、之后连续两次抬升的构造演化过程。另外,本次研究新获得的这些岩石的原岩形成时代介于843±7Ma～573±40Ma之间,结合官坡榴辉岩的原岩形成时代为791～814Ma以及松树沟榴闪岩原岩时代为787±16Ma的研究,共同表明北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的原岩形成时代均为新元古代,因此,限定俯冲-深俯冲的陆壳物质应来自形成时代为新元古代的大陆地壳或地质体。结合区域地质背景和前人研究成果综合分析,本文初步认为,北秦岭高压-超高压变质岩带的形成是商丹洋向北俯冲拖曳南秦岭新元古代陆壳物质在～500Ma发生陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的产物,之后在～450Ma与～420Ma经历了两期抬升。     

中国东部燕山期埃达克岩的特征及其构造—成矿意义

埃达克岩是一套中酸性的火成岩，以亏损HREE和无负铕异常为特征，表明其形成深度很大，源区有石榴石残留。中国东部燕山期有许多中酸性岩浆岩类似埃达克岩的地球化学特征，但其形成环境却与消减作用无关。因此，本文将埃达克岩分为O型和C型两类：O型埃达克岩富Na，其成因与板块的消减作用有关；C型埃达克岩富K（大部分仍然是钠质的，少数为钾质的），可能是玄武岩底侵到加厚的陆壳（＞50km）底部导致的下地壳麻粒岩部分熔融的产物。C型运行达克岩对解释中国东部燕山期许多地质现象是有启发的。由于C型埃达克岩保存了下地壳的许多印记，因此，还可以利用C型埃达克岩来反演下地壳的组成，探讨与下地壳及壳－幔过程有关的成矿作用问题。     

Episodic widespread magma underplating beneath the North China Craton in the Phanerozoic: Implications for craton destruction

A comprehensive synthesis of U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of zircons from granulite/pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Phanerozoic magmatic rocks and inherited xenocrysts from the associated lower crust rocks from various domains of the North China Craton (NCC) provides new insights into understanding the Phanerozoic evolution of the lower crust in this craton. Episodic widespread magma underplating into the ancient lower crust during Phanerozoic has been identified throughout the NCC from early Paleozoic to Cenozoic, broadly corresponding to the Caledonian, Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan orogenies on the circum-craton mobile belts. The early Paleozoic (410–490 Ma) ages come from xenoliths in the northern and southern margins as well as the central domain of the Eastern Block of the craton which mark the first phase of Phanerozoic magma underplating since the final cratonization of the NCC in the Paleoproterozoic. The magmatism coincided with the northward subduction of the Paleotethysian Ocean in the south and the southward subduction of the Paleoasian Ocean in the north. The subduction not only triggered magma underplating but also led to the emplacement of the diamondiferous kimberlites on the craton, marking the initiation of decratonization. The late Paleozoic event as represented by the 315 Ma garnet pyroxenite and/or lherzolite xenoliths in Hannuoba was restricted to the northern and southern margins of the craton, correlating with the arc magmatism continuous associated with the subduction of the Paleotethysian and Paleoasian Oceans and resulting in the interaction between the melts from subducted slabs and the lithospheric mantle/lower crust. The early Mesozoic event also dominantly occurred in the northern and southern margins and was related with the final closure of the Paleotethysian and Paleoasian Oceans as well as the collisional orogeny between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. The late Mesozoic (ca. 120 Ma) was a major and widespread magmatic event which manifested throughout the NCC, associated with the geothermal overturn due to the giant south Pacific mantle plume. The Cenozoic magmatism, identified only in the dark clinopyroxenite xenoliths in the Hannuoba, was probably induced by the Himalayan movement in eastern Asia and might also have been influenced by the subduction of the Pacific Ocean to some extent. These widespread and episodic magma underplating or rejuvenation of the ancient lower crust beneath the NCC revealed by U–Pb and Hf isotope data resulted from the corresponding addition of juvenile materials from mantle to lower crust, with a mixing of the old crust with melts. The process inevitably resulted in the compositional modification of the ancient lower crust, similar to the compositional transformation from the refractory lithospheric mantle to a fertile one through the refractory peridotite — infiltrated melt reaction as revealed in the lithospheric mantle beneath the craton.     

北秦岭松树沟榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义

松树沟石榴石角闪岩(榴闪岩)呈透镜状产于松树沟超镁铁岩旁侧的斜长角闪岩中,一直以来被认为是形成于接触交代变质或麻粒岩相变质过程。详细岩相学及矿物元素分析,在榴闪岩的基质矿物、石榴石幔部及锆石包体中发现残留的绿辉石,而且石榴石也保存了明显的进变质主、微量元素成分环带,表明松树沟榴闪岩为榴辉岩退变质的产物,至少经历了从角闪岩相到榴辉岩相再到角闪岩相的三阶段顺时针PT演化过程。锆石定年结果得到榴辉岩的变质年龄为500±8Ma,原岩结晶时代为796±16Ma,与秦岭岩群北侧官坡超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄和原岩年龄完全一致,也与北秦岭区域高压-超高压变质时代和原岩的结晶时代一致。表明松树沟榴辉岩与北秦岭造山带已发现的高压-超高压变质岩石一起都应是古生代大陆深俯冲作用的结果,而松树沟超镁铁岩可能是俯冲的大陆板片在折返过程中携带的俯冲隧道中的交代地幔岩。     

东秦岭大蛇沟钨矿区赋矿围岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

大蛇沟钨矿床是东秦岭杨斜—丰北河金钨成矿带一处典型的石英脉型钨矿床,矿体赋存于杨斜片麻岩套的NE—NEE向构造破碎带内。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,赋矿含斑眼球状斜长片麻岩的加权平均年龄为(434.2±1.6) Ma (MSWD=0.022, n=24),表明原岩形成于早志留世。地球化学研究表明:岩石属于高钾钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩类,相对富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素(HREE),具岩浆弧岩浆岩特征。此外,高Sr、高Sr/Y和La/Yb、低Y和低Yb及弱Eu正异常等特征参数,与典型埃达克岩一致;推测岩浆源于加厚下地壳石榴石角闪岩的部分熔融,形成于早古生代商丹洋向北秦岭板块俯冲的活动大陆边缘弧环境。     

北秦岭西段唐藏石英闪长岩岩体的形成时代及其地质意义

在对陕西宝鸡一带进行地质大调查时,发现北秦岭造山带西段的唐藏石英闪长岩体具有埃达克岩的特征。利用阴极发光、LA-ICPMS方法对唐藏石英闪长岩的单颗粒锆石进行了U-Pb测年,所选锆石晶体均呈长柱状,振荡环带发育,Th/U=0.33～1.10,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。测试的29个样品的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(454.0±1.7)Ma,各测点206Pb/238U表面年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内近于一致,因此,这一数值代表岩浆生成年龄。结合北秦岭造山带西段代表洋壳残片的关子镇、岩湾蛇绿(混杂)岩形成时代,说明早古生代古秦岭丹凤洋沿商丹带一线向北发生俯冲消减作用,(454.0±1.7)Ma可能代表俯冲消减的初始时期。研究结果为北秦岭早古生代造山作用过程、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学的研究提供了重要的依据。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区黄羊山花岗岩和包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,黄羊山岩浆混合花岗岩加权平均~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为311±12Ma,首次获得闪长质微细粒包体加权平均~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为300±6Ma,在误差范围内完全一致,均属于晚石炭世,前者代表黄羊山岩浆混合花岗岩成岩年龄,后者代表暗色闪长质微粒包体的形成年龄,表明两者是同时代形成的,属于300Ma前后准噶尔周边地区后碰撞岩浆活动的产物.岩石地球化学研究表明,寄主岩石具有高硅、低铝、贫钙镁、富碱和高分异的特征,寄主岩石、包体和辉绿岩脉成分均落在了混合趋势线上,寄主岩富集Rb和Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Ta和Ti等元素,δEu值(为0.01)极低,具有低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值和高正的ε_(Nd)(t)值.黄羊山碱性花岗岩是在后碰撞拉张的构造背景下,幔源岩浆发生底垫作用,由于幔源岩浆底垫作用,下地壳温度升高而熔融形成酸性壳源岩浆,部分幔源岩浆沿着地壳中的深断裂带上涌,发生不同程度壳幔混合形成的,其中闪长质微细粒包体就是基性的幔源岩浆和酸性的壳源岩浆不同程度的混合的记录者,研究区的辉绿岩脉是幔源岩浆直接分异演化的产物.     

武当地块西部席状基性侵入岩群地球化学特征：南秦岭古生代底侵作用的依据

武当地块西部顺层侵位了大量的基性岩席。本文对其进行的岩石学、地球化学和Sr、Nd同位素等特征研究表明，该基性岩席群的岩浆属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列，来源于混合异常大陆岩石圈地幔型源区，为武当地块裂解和中古生代时南秦岭地区曾发生大规模的地幔岩浆底侵及壳幔相互作用重要标志之一。此外，该基性岩席群的岩石地球化学特征与勉略地区玄武岩及变辉绿岩总体的特点具有较大的一致性，结合该基性侵入岩席群的形成时代(401—407Ma)、武当地块伸展构造(425—260Ma)与勉略带火山岩(230Ma)同位素年代学的差异，武当地块西部基性岩席群很可能是由于勉略洋拉开前地幔柱活动使大陆岩石圈拉伸减薄发生拆离、深部岩浆上涌的结果。因此，它们应该是勉略洋打开的早期阶段在武当地块区的响应。     

北秦岭榴辉岩及相关岩石年代学的进一步确定及其对板片俯冲属性的约束

在岩相学观察和锆石CL图像研究的基础上,利用LA ICP MS原位分析方法,对北秦岭官坡超高压榴辉岩和伴生的石榴石角闪岩(榴闪岩)进行了详细的锆石微区微量元素和U Th Pb同位素分析,在榴辉岩样品中得到变质年龄为(502±11)Ma,原岩结晶年龄>(657±18)Ma;在榴闪岩样品中得到原岩结晶年龄为(791±6)Ma,变质年龄为487~503 Ma,角闪岩相退变质年龄为(366±4)Ma。岩石地球化学研究显示,北秦岭官坡地区的榴闪岩具有低Si(SiO2质量分数为4916%~5078%),高Ti(TiO2质量分数为228%~283%)、富集LREE、LILE和大部分的HFSE元素,不显Nb、Ta负异常的板内玄武岩特征,与北秦岭超高压榴辉岩地球化学特征一致。结合两者的野外产状、岩相学特征、锆石形貌和年代学研究结果,表明本文研究的官坡地区的榴闪岩是超高压榴辉岩在抬升过程中在角闪岩相条件下退变质的产物。综合两者的年代学研究结果,得到北秦岭地区超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄为(502±11)Ma,原岩结晶年龄为(791±6)Ma,角闪岩相退变质年龄为(366±4)Ma。研究得到的(502±11)Ma的榴辉岩相变质年龄与前人得到的该榴辉岩围岩超高压泥质片麻岩的变质年龄(507±38)Ma以及北秦岭松树沟地区的超高压长英质片麻岩的变质年龄485~514 Ma一致,表明它们经历了同期超高压变质作用。而且,榴辉岩(502±11)Ma的变质年龄与其原岩的结晶年龄(791±6)Ma存在近300 Ma的时间间隔,表明原岩具有板内玄武岩性质的北秦岭官坡超高压榴辉岩不可能是秦岭古生代大洋板块深俯冲的产物,而可能是已构造就位的古洋壳或裂谷火山岩在古生代随陆壳一起发生大陆深俯冲作用的产物。     

阿尔金南缘帕夏拉依档沟斜长角闪岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

阿尔金造山带南缘帕夏拉依档沟零星发育一些斜长角闪岩,主要呈透镜状或豆荚状产于阿尔金岩群大理岩中。文章对这些斜长角闪岩开展了岩相学、年代学以及地球化学方面的研究,获得斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(857.4±7.1)Ma和(432.5±5)Ma,前者代表其形成年龄,后者代表其变质年龄。地球化学特征显示斜长角闪岩轻稀土微弱富集,轻重稀土分异不显著,并有部分消减带玄武岩地球化学特征,源区为古俯冲带再循环的富集地幔源区,并受到流体或熔体的改造。结合判别图解和区域构造演化,分析得出斜长角闪岩原岩形成于初始裂谷环境,是大陆拉张向裂谷转换机制下形成的过渡岩石类型,较新年龄(432.5±5)Ma为早志留世陆壳伸展和软流圈底辟作用引起的变质年龄。本次研究为新元古代中晚期阿尔金南缘基性岩浆活动提供了新的年代学和地球化学方面的证据,这期基性岩浆活动可能为Rodinia超大陆初始裂解事件在阿尔金南缘的响应。     

新疆中天山南缘库米什地区蛇绿岩的锆石U-Pb同位素定年:早古生代洋盆的证据

新疆中天山南缘库米什地区的榆树沟和铜花山蛇绿混杂岩包括地幔橄榄岩,辉石岩、辉长岩、斜长岩等堆晶岩,辉绿岩墙和基性熔岩,以及上部的硅质岩等。岩石地球化学研究表明,蛇绿岩的岩石类型来自MORB型和SSZ型两种构造背景。蛇绿岩及有关岩石的锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究表明,与中天山南缘洋盆扩张和闭合有关的事件至少可以分为4期: (1)奥陶纪-志留纪的洋盆形成事件,证据来自蛇绿岩斜长花岗岩和斜长岩,两者的年龄分别为435.1±2.8Ma、439.3±1.8Ma;(2)志留纪的岛弧岩浆作用,获得岛弧火山岩英安岩年龄422.1±2.6Ma 和花岗闪长岩年龄423.1±1.8Ma;(3)泥盆纪的剪切变形和糜棱岩化变质作用,由于板块斜向俯冲和碰撞作用,产生大规模的走滑作用和与之伴生的由剪切作用形成的糜棱岩,糜棱岩的形成年龄为402.8±1Ma,为早泥盆世;(4)俯冲碰撞后的造山带伸展阶段的岩浆作用,在俯冲碰撞作用之后发生与垂直主受力面张裂作用伴生岩浆作用,获得石英正长斑岩294.8±1.2Ma年龄,即晚石炭世。 此外,认为榆树沟蛇绿岩北部出露的麻粒岩是一个很特殊的构造岩块,岩石的锆石中普遍存在500~1800Ma的老核,表明其原岩很复杂,不属于蛇绿岩的组合 。     

Origin of high-velocity anomalies beneath the Siberian craton: A fingerprint of multistage magma underplating since the Neoarchean

Despite the violent eruption of the Siberian Traps at ~ 250 Ma, the Siberian craton has an extremely low heat flow (18–25 mW/m²) and a very thick lithosphere (300–350 km), which makes it an ideal place to study the influence of mantle plumes on the long-term stability of cratons. Compared with seismic velocities of rocks, the lower crust of the Siberian craton is composed mainly of mafic granulites and could be rather heterogeneous in composition. The very high V_p (> 7.2 km/s) in the lowermost crust can be fit by a mixture of garnet granulites, two-pyroxene granulites, and garnet gabbro due to magma underplating. The high-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle (V_p = 8.3-8.6 km/s) can be interpreted by a mixture of eclogites and garnet peridotites. Combined with the study of lower crustal and mantle xenoliths, we recognized multistage magma underplating at the crust-mantle boundary beneath the Siberian craton, including the Neoarchean growth and Paleoproterozoic assembly of the Siberian craton beneath the Markha terrane, the Proterozoic collision along the Sayan-Taimyr suture zone, and the Triassic Siberian Trap event beneath the central Tunguska basin. The Moho becomes a metamorphism boundary of mafic rocks between granulite facies and eclogite facies rather than a chemical boundary that separates the mafic lower crust from the ultramafic upper mantle. Therefore, multistage magma underplating since the Neoarchean will result in a seismic Moho shallower than the petrologic Moho. Such magmatism-induced compositional change and dehydration will increase viscosity of the lithospheric mantle, and finally trigger lithospheric thickening after mantle plume activity. Hence, mantle plumes are not the key factor for craton destruction.