A study of the evolution of the close binaries Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1, NGC 300 X-1, SS 433, and M33 X-7 using the “scenario machine”

Evolutionary tracks for the X-ray binaries Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1, NGC 300 X-1, SS 433, and M33 X-7 are computed using the Scenario Machine code. The compact objects in IC 10 X-1, NGC 300 X-1, and M33 X-7 are the most massive stellar-mass black-hole candidates. Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1, and NGC 300 X-1 are the only currently known Wolf-Rayet stars with degenerate companions. SS 433 is the only known superaccretor in the Milky Way. Therefore, the stars studied provide excellent laboratories for testing scenarios for the evolution of binaries under extreme conditions. The classical evolutionary scenario is consistent with modern observational data. During the evolution of these binaries, hypernova explosions accompanied by the collapse of stellar cores with large angular momenta can occur, leading to long gamma-ray bursts. At the end of their evolution, Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1, NGC 300 X-1, and SS 433 may form binary relativistic objects, which will subsequently merge due to the radiation of gravitational waves. The gravitational waves emitted during mergers of relativistic stars should be detectable by existing and future gravitational-wave antennas. In the course of its future evolution, M33 X-7 will pass through a Thorne-?ytkow stage. The formation of a Thorne-?ytkow object can also be accompanied by gravitational-wave radiation.     

X-402型水龙头

为了适应我队当前大、小口径钻进并用的实际情况，我们设计了一种较轻便适用的X－402型水龙头，结构见图。在选定方案时，着重考虑了如下几个方面：     

Analysis of optical spectra of V1357 Cyg≡Cyg X-1

Optical spectra and light curves of the massive X-ray binary V1357 Cyg are analyzed. The calculations were based on models of irradiated plane-parallel stellar atmospheres, taking into account reflection of the X-ray radiation, asphericity of the stellar surface, and deviations from LTE for several ions. Comparison of observed spectra obtained in 2004?C2005 at the Bohyunsan Observatory (South Korea) revealed variations of the depths of HI lines by up to 18% and of HeI and heavy elements lines by up to 10%. These variations are not related to the orbital motion of the star, and are probably due to variations of the stellar wind intensity. Perturbations of the thermal structure of the atmosphere due to irradiation in various states of Cyg X-1 (including outburst) do not lead to the formation of a hot photosphere with an electron temperature exceeding the effective temperature. As a result, variations of the profiles of optical lines of HI, HeI, and heavy elements due to the orbital motion of the star and variations of the irradiating X-ray flux do not exceed 1% of the residual intensities. Allowing for deviations from LTE enhances the HI and HeI lines by factors of two to three and the MgII lines by a factor of nine, and is therefore required for a fully adequate analysis of the observational data. Analysis of the HI, HeI, and HeII lines profiles yielded the following set of parameters for theOstar at the observing epoch: T _eff = 30 500±500 K, log g = 3.31±0.05, [He/H] = 0.42 ± 0.05. The observed HeI line profiles have emission components that are formed in the stellar wind and increase with the line intensity. The abundances of 11 elements in the atmospheres of V1357 Cyg and ?? Cam, which has a similar spectral type and luminosity class, are derived. The chemical composition of V1357 Cyg is characterized by a strong excess of helium, nitrogen, neon, and silicon, which is related to the binarity of the system.     

苏3X-1区块侧钻水平井优选方法研究

近年来技术日趋成熟的老井侧钻水平井技术,具有提高气藏开发水平、节约钻井成本等方面的优势,已经在苏里格气田得到了试点应用并取得了良好效果。在研究借鉴前人成果基础上,通过对已侧钻水平井产量、地质条件、井况条件及开发预测指标进行详细分析,结合净现值计算公式,进一步建立完善了侧钻水平井的产量、储量及经济评价标准,并根据标准优选了苏3X-1区块并设计了苏3X-X-XCH侧钻水平井。     

苏3X-1区块侧钻水平井优选方法研究

近年来技术日趋成熟的老井侧钻水平井技术,具有提高气藏开发水平、节约钻井成本等方面的优势,已经在苏里格气田得到了试点应用并取得了良好效果。在研究借鉴前人成果基础上,通过对已侧钻水平井产量、地质条件、井况条件及开发预测指标进行详细分析,结合净现值计算公式,进一步建立完善了侧钻水平井的产量、储量及经济评价标准,并根据标准优选了苏3X-1区块并设计了苏3X-X-XCH侧钻水平井。     

X-射线能谱分析实践

一般常用的X射线能谱范围内,si(Li)探测器分辨率较晶体分光低一个数量级,谱线的重叠现象更为普遍。如何辨认和处理能谱谱线的重叠是保证能谱分析中定性分析的准确性和减少定量分析误差的关键。尽管采用电子计算机对重叠谱线和各种:干扰因素进行子数学处理和校正,然而在许多情况下还要凭人们的验经作最后的辨认和处理。否则,往往引起漏测元素或把重叠谱线误定为某个元素的特征X射线,从而造成定量分析的误差。     

X-402型水接头

为了适应我队当前大、小口径钻进并用的实际情况,我们设计了一种轻便适用的X-402型水接头,其结构见图.在选定方案时,着重考虑了如下几个方面:1.加工简单,耐用,重量轻.2.大、小口径钻进能通用.3.适用于关门闩式提引器起下钻,实现塔上无人升降钻具.4.修理方便,容易更换磨损件.     

X-射线衍射分析仪简介

X-射线衍射分析仪X—Ray Diffractomer（XRD）是西安地质调查中心实验测试中心于2008年新引进的一台日本理学生产的X-射线衍射仪。X-射线衍射分析仪利用衍射原理,精确测定物质的晶体结构、织构及应力,精确的进行物相分析、定性分析和定量分析。广泛应用于冶金、石油、化工、科研、     

Spectroscopic monitoring of V1357 Cyg = Cyg X-1 in 2002–2004

We discuss the results of optical spectroscopic monitoring of Cyg X-1 = HDE 226868/V1357 Cyg in 2002–2004. Our spectroscopy was carried out at the Terskol Observatory (Kabarda-Balkaria, Russia; the resolving power was R = 45 000 and 13 000) and at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO, Korea, R = 30 000 and 44 000). Each spectrum covers most of the optical range. We obtained a total of 75 echelle spectra on 33 nights, during both “soft” and “hard” X-ray states of Cyg X-1. We study the influence of the X-rays on spectral-line profiles using RXTE/ASM X-ray data. We find that the X-ray flare of June 13, 2003 resulted in strong variations of the emission profiles of the H_α and Hellλ4686 Å lines within a night. This behavior is due to variations of the ionization state of the gas in the system. We also analyzed line-profile variations with orbital phase. A spectral atlas of Cyg X-1 was created, and the lines it contains identified. A total of 172 stellar lines and blends belonging to 12 chemical elements (H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Fe, Zn) were identified. The spectral classification of HDE 226868 as an ON star is confirmed.     

X-射线荧光室内样品测定

在《X-射线荧光方法的理论基础》一文中已经介绍了根据射线的能量可以定性地大致判定是什么元素,而根据某一元素特征X-射线的强度可以确定该元素的含量。通常用相对比较法进行,即采用组分与待测样品相似的、含量已知的试样作标准样,在相同的条件下分别测量待测元素的特征X-射线强度。     

X-射线徘循照相法介绍

一、緒言几种不同用途的X-射綫照相方法及其所甩的相机(如用于粉末法的德拜-謝勒相机和塞姆-保林相机;用于单晶体分析的劳埃、迴摆、旋轉以及范申保等照相方法及其所用的相机),已在許多书刊中分别有了較詳尽的描述和介紹。近年来在党的領导下,随着祖国科学技术的大发展,这些方法都已得到了越来越广泛的应用。較新的用于单晶体分析的摄取,无歪曲的倒易点陣的照相机也随着上述发展在我国开始应用到科学研究工作中来了。     

X-射线荧光方法的现场测量

X-射线荧光技术的现场测量,原理基本上和室内样品分析是相同的,这就是根据特征X－射线能量的不同来区别不同的元素,根据元素的特征X－射线强度来测定该元素的含量。     

X-射线荧光测井仪研制初步成果

X-射线荧光测井技术,国际上是在六十年代末期发展起来的。目前在美国、英国、苏联、瑞典等国,已用于地质工作,且效果显著。英国测锡含量与岩心化学分析十分一致。苏联全苏储量委员会确认X-射线荧光测井技术所定的矿床储量可靠。     

X-3型钻进参数仪软硬件设计

Ｘ－３型钻进参数仪是与ＣＤ－３型岩心钻机配套的钻进参数监测仪器，它由三大部分组成。介绍了各参数传感器电气单元设计、硬件设计、软件设计及生产试验情况。     

硅锰合金的X-射线荧光分析

在硅锰合金样中加入一定量的硼酸作为黏结剂进行压片试样，然后选择合适条件，用X－射线荧光光谱法测定硅锰合金中的Si,Mn，P，S，C5个元素，分析结果符合国标要求。     

白云石的晶体结构特征和X-射线研究

本文讨论了白云石的晶体结构特征和有序-无序问题.发现了面网间距d_(116)与白云石中CaCO_3含量之间有良好的相关关系。面网间距可以用X-射线粉晶衍射方法测定,于是可以用d_(116)值换算出白云石的成分。其结果表明,X-射线粉晶衍射方法可以广泛用来研究天然产出的白云石。     

X-荧光分析基本参数法FLY-FPM软件系统投入使用

X-荧光分析基本参数法基于严格的理论计算对被分析样品的基体效应进行有效的校正,从而提高分析的准确性。地化所丰梁垣开发的基本参数法FLY-FPM软件系数,适用于元素系统各种合金、素化合物等、氧化物系统(硅酸盐等)以及混合样品系统(如元素-氧化物系统),可以测定样品中Na(11)—U(92)间所有元素,     

单斜角闪石的X-射线粉晶法鉴定

 从140个已知成分的角闲石的晶胞参数作图,发现在β-v₀图上不同种属的角闪石有各自的分布区,克服了前人用β-d₁₀₀图难以喹定角闪石种属的困难。     

单斜角闪石的X-射线粉晶法鉴定

从140个已知成分的角闲石的晶胞参数作图,发现在β-v₀图上不同种属的角闪石有各自的分布区,克服了前人用β-d₁₀₀图难以喹定角闪石种属的困难。     

应用携带式X-γ射线400道谱仪勘查金矿

一、概述在一般金矿床中,金在矿石中的含量极少(0.n～ng/t),因而金的存在,不能使含金岩体呈现出明显的地球物理特征。但是与金伴生,共生或相关的某些元素如Ag、As、Bi、Pb、Zn、Cu、Sb、Te、Mo、Hg、Fe、W、Ba、U、Th、K等往往具有较高的含量,因而金的勘查可通过寻找与金矿有关元素的原生晕、次生晕、分散流的分布规律、富集程度、间接寻找金矿。我国目前已找到与Cu、Ag、Mo,Ni、Pb、Zn、Fe、