数字ADCP波束偏转公式的解算

波束偏转是由基阵旋转引起的.将Janus结构数字ADCP基阵旋转进行横滚、纵倾、航偏分解考虑,进而推导了波束偏转公式.     

海底沉积物声速测量方法及其比较

归纳了海底沉积物声速特性及声速测量的两大类方法,分析比较了其各自的特点。针对所存在的问题提出了海底沉积物声速实验室仿真测量的思想。对正确运用“703”专项海洋环境调查技术规程中所采用的底质声速计算公式具有指导意义。     

Zooplankton distribution patterns at two seamounts in the subtropical and tropical NE Atlantic

Spatial distribution patterns of zooplankton biomass in relation to local and large‐scale hydrographical and biological driving forces were studied at Ampère and Senghor, two shallow seamounts in the subtropical and tropical NE Atlantic, respectively. The study includes a first assessment of the taxonomic composition and an estimation of the respiratory carbon demand of the zooplankton community. Zooplankton was sampled during three cruises at the seamount and open ocean reference sites in May and October 2009 and in December 2010. Zooplankton standing stocks and the corresponding respiratory carbon demand were about six times higher at Senghor than at Ampère, with mean stocks of 24.7 and 4.6 g·m^?2, respectively, in the upper 1000 m. Mean respiratory carbon demand in the epipelagic zone was calculated as 61.4 mg·C·m^?2·day^?1 for Senghor and 9.6 mg·C·m^?2·day^?1 for Ampère. At neither site were differences between seamount and open ocean sites significant. However, horizontal surveys across Ampère Seamount show clear differences between day and night distributions and a reduced biomass above the summit. Across Senghor, zooplankton biomass increased from the SW to the NE flank, with the highest concentrations in the subsurface layer of the chlorophyll maximum and just above a strong oxycline. The zooplankton community at Ampère Seamount reflects the oligotrophic character of the NE Atlantic subtropical gyre, whereas the nutrient‐rich waters of the cyclonic tropical gyre at Senghor support a higher biomass. This difference in the zooplankton biomass between the two seamounts can be attributed to the large‐scale hydrographical features governing the productivity regimes rather than to regional seamount effects.     

Transverse vibrations of circular annular plates with edges elastically restrained against rotation, used in acoustic underwater transducers

Simply supported or clamped boundary conditions are rather ideal situations difficult to satisfy from a physical viewpoint. This paper considers a more “moderate” restriction: the case of edges elastically restrained against rotation for which no exact solution appears in the open literature. Eigenvalues corresponding to a wide range of the intervening geometric and mechanical parameters are determined. Good agreement is obtained with frequency coefficients determined two decades ago by means of a variational method. Obviously the problem is of basic interest in many ocean engineering applications: from the design of certain underwater acoustic transducers to pump and compressor elements passing through the design of naval vehicles and ocean structures.     

2004—2006年暖水季节闽东沿岸浮游动物主要生态特征比较研究

本文根据2004～2006年闽东沿岸（26°30′00″～27°10′00″N,119°59′40″～120°33′00″E）暖水季节6个航次的浮游动物调查资料,比较分析研究了调查区暖水季节的浮游动物种类组成、数量分布和优势种变化．3年调查结果表明,该海域出现的浮游动物种类数分别为151、127和144种,种类组成变化不大,强额孔雀哲水蚤（Pavocalanus crassirostri）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）等在各航次中都占据明显优势地位;调查期间该海域的浮游动物群落面貌以近岸暖水种和外海热带种为主,这两类生态类群的浮游动物构成本海区的主要优势类群;生物量分布不均匀,总体平面分布趋势是：北高南低,从沿岸到近海,浮游动物生物量随盐度上升而下降;优势种分布极不均匀,聚块现象明显．     

分层介质声特征阻抗反演 -预处理方法实验验证与比较

数值不稳定性长期困扰着声反演方法的应用.避免该问题的方法之一是进行冲激响应提取的预处理,由冲激响应反演实验材料的各层反射系数序列,重建特性阻抗剖面.该文采用不同反卷积的方法提取冲激响应,反演阻抗剖面,并就精度及运算时间进行详细比较,反演结果与实测及手册数值相当吻合.     

夏季闽江口和椒江口浮游动物群落结构的比较

根据2008年9月在闽江口水域和2010年8月在椒江口水域的调查资料,对两个河口浮游动物的种类组成、生态类群、优势种和生态适应差异进行分析比较,探讨夏季闽江口海域和椒江口海域浮游动物群落结构的区别及其组成受水团变化的影响。研究结果表明:夏季,椒江口受上升流的影响出现13个暖温带种,导致椒江口(44)水域浮游动物种类数要大于闽江口(36);闽江口海域夏季主要受到台湾暖流的影响,6个优势种全部为亚热带种,椒江口有7个优势种,包括4个亚热带种和3个暖温带种;从适温性上看,闽江口和椒江口均主要以亚热带种为主,椒江口由于上升流的原因出现较多数量的暖温带种,从适盐性上看,椒江口主要以近海种为主,闽江口主要以外海种为主,这是闽江口和椒江口浮游动物生态类群的主要差异;闽江口浮游动物群落结构主要受到台湾暖流和沿岸流的影响,而椒江口主要受到浙江近海上升流和沿岸流的影响,通过对两个河口群落结构的比较和生态适应差异的分析,表明水团是各自浮游动物群落结构的形成过程中的一个重要因素。     

Comparison of benthic and pelagic suspension feeding in shallow water habitats of the Northeastern Baltic Sea

Combining field experiments with the biomass distribution data of dominant suspension feeders we compared the benthic and pelagic suspension feeding rates in shallow non-tidal brackish water coastal habitats. We found that pelagic grazing exceeded benthic grazing in almost all cases, on average from 14 to 4819 times depending on the site. Benthic grazing rates were related to site-specific environmental parameters and showed no relationship with water chlorophyl a (Chl a ) content, whereas pelagic grazing rates varied both spatially and temporally and were related to water Chl a content. Our results indicate that in several shallow coastal habitats, pelagic suspension feeding substantially exceeds benthic suspension feeding. This suggests that pelagic recycling is higher than the amounts of energy redirected from pelagic to benthic food webs by benthic suspension feeders. These results increase our knowledge of the energy flows in coastal ecosystems.     

Seasonal physical–chemical structure and acoustic Doppler current profiler flow patterns over multiple years in a shallow, stratified estuary, with implications for lateral variability

The overall goal of this study was to strengthen understanding of the hydrographic structure in shallow estuaries as influenced by seasonal and depth-dependent variability, and by variability from extreme meteorological events. The mesohaline Neuse Estuary, North Carolina, U.S.A., which was the focus, receives surface inputs from upriver and tributary freshwater sources and bottom inputs from downriver high-salinity sound water sources, resulting in varying degrees of stratification. To assess depth-dependent, estuary-wide changes in salinity, a multiple time series was created using data from four discrete depths (surface and 1, 2, and 3 m±0.25 m). The database was developed from weekly to biweekly sampling of the entire water column, and included side-channel as well as mid-channel data. We characterized seasonal differences in halocline depth affecting the hydrographic structure of the mesohaline estuary and site-specific variation in nutrient concentrations, based on a comprehensive eight-year physical/chemical database. The first two years of the record showed an expected seasonal signal and included events that impacted the surface layer from freshwater inputs. Remaining years had greater variability over seasons and depths, with freshening events that affected all depths. Halocline depth was compared at specific locations, and a “snapshot” view was provided of the relative depth of these water masses within the estuary by season. We also examined flow patterns at the same cross-estuary sites over a three-year period, using a boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with bottom-tracking capability. Composite visualizations constructed with single-transect ADCP data revealed a classical estuarine circulation pattern of outflow at the surface/southern shore and inflow at the bottom/northern shore. Although this pattern deviated under extreme climatological events and was sometimes variable, the estuary generally exhibited a high probability of direction of flow. Wind fields, hurricanes, and small-scale, high-precipitation events represented significant forcing variables.     

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of deep‐sea mesozooplankton in the eastern Mediterranean – indications of a climatically induced shift?

Zooplankton samples from the eastern Mediterranean were collected in April/May 1999 with a multiple opening and closing net (mesh size 333 μm) to examine the distribution and taxonomic composition of mesozooplankton, mainly Calanoida (Copepoda), some years after the onset of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT), a climatically induced shift in hydrography. The samples from seven stations on a transect from the Ionian Sea to the eastern part of the Levantine Basin were collected at closely spaced vertical intervals from the surface to water depths of 4250 m. Data from January 1987, June 1993, January 1998 and October 2001 from the main site of investigation, south of Crete, were used to describe the temporal evolution before (1987), during (1993) and after (1998–2001) the EMT. The eastern Mediterranean mesozooplankton fauna is dominated by three Calanoida species along the west–east transect, with varying abundances in different depth‐zones: Haloptilus longicornis in the epipelagic zone, Eucalanus monachus in the mesopelagic zone, and Lucicutia longiserrata in the bathypelagic zone. A drastic change in mesozooplankton composition and abundance occurred at the main site during the EMT, whereupon increased abundances of Candacia elongata and L. longiserrata were observed in the bathypelagic zone in the following years; L. longiserrata accounted for 43% of the total mesozooplankton in this zone. The hypothesis is posed that the Mediterranean deep‐sea ecosystem is able to respond quickly to changes in the environment and memorizes these changes over time. We claim that the biological effects of climatically induced changes can be easily monitored in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea using calanoid copepod key species due to the hydrographically extreme, but ‘simply structured’ ecosystem.