河北赞皇杂岩中2.7Ga TTG片麻岩的厘定及其地质意义

本文对赞皇杂岩中的条带状TTG片麻岩样品进行了岩石化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和锆石Hf同位素研究。其中ZH39-1和ZH39-2的岩性为英云闪长质片麻岩,TZ50-1和TZ50-2为奥长花岗质片麻岩。对岩浆锆石的定年结果显示英云闪长质片麻岩ZH39-1具有2702±13Ma的结晶年龄,奥长花岗质片麻岩TZ50-2具有2690±10Ma的结晶年龄。同时这2个样品均具有新太古代晚期的变质年龄记录,说明岩石受到了新太古代晚期构造-热事件的影响。该片麻岩主量元素均具有高硅(66.4%～74.3%)、高铝(14.0%～15.9%)、富钠(4.13%～5.20%)、贫钾(1.17%～2.54%)和MgO(0.68%～2.12%)、具有低K_2O/Na_2O比值(0.25～0.62)的特征,Mg~#在43.0～47.4之间。微量元素具有富集Ba、Sr、Zr、Hf和Th,亏损Nb、Nd、Ti的特征,稀土元素具有总含量较低为47.6×10~(-6)～120×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N为16.4～56.5,Eu无异常或较强正异常,这些特征同太古宙高铝TTG岩系一致。英云闪长质片麻岩样品ZH39-1中绝大多数锆石具有ε_(Hf)(t)正值,变化范围是1.52～5.59,该样品锆石两阶段Hf模式年龄为2874Ma,显示新生地壳来自于亏损地幔。在赞皇杂岩不同地点再次发现～2.7Ga的TTG岩石,证明该地区在中太古代晚期和新太古代早期存在大规模陆壳增生事件。     

青藏高原东南缘“三江”地区含角闪石变质岩石的地球化学特征

青藏高原东南缘"三江"地区变质杂岩带中的岩石类型十分复杂,斜长角闪岩和含角闪石斜长片麻岩是本区常见的变质岩石类型。斜长角闪岩可进一步划分为由石榴辉石岩退变而成的和基性原岩经角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质形成的两种类型。斜长角闪岩的SiO2平均含量50.0%,具有高铝低钛的特点,轻稀土元素相对富集,铕无异常或略具负异常,Zr含量较低,Zr/Y比值较小,其原岩的主微量元素组成具有岛弧玄武岩的特点,反映其原岩形成于俯冲碰撞的构造环境。含角闪石斜长片麻岩的SiO2平均含量63.64%,MgO和TiO2含量低,轻、重稀土元素分馏,轻稀土元素明显富集而重稀土元素相对亏损,具有中等负Eu异常,大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th强烈富集,高场强元素Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb和Ta含量较低,其原岩具有安山质岩石或安山质/玄武质岩石的特点,主要形成于板块聚敛边缘的构造环境。     

吉林省太古宙TTG岩石的两种演化趋势

吉林省太古宙ＴＴＧ岩石形成于２．７～２．８Ｇａ，其母岩浆来自于下地壳角闪质岩石的部分熔融。母岩浆通过结晶分异作用形成了英云闪长质片麻岩类和花岗闪长质片麻岩类两大类岩石，早期的英云闪长质片麻岩类构成奥长花岗岩演化趋势，晚期的花岗闪长质片麻岩类则构成钙碱性演化趋势。研究表明这两种演化趋势的形成与岩浆结晶分离矿物相的种类及其比例有关。     

冀北变质杂岩的地球化学、Nd同位素特征与地壳增生

华北克拉通北缘中段主要由变质的太古宙单塔子杂岩、古元古代红旗营子杂岩、未变质的大庙-长哨营等辉长岩-斜长岩-偏碱性花岗岩和晚古生代变质铁镁质到花岗质岩石组成。约2.49Ga的单塔子杂岩包括麻粒岩相到角闪岩相变质的闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩,岩石化学特征表明它们属于中钾—高钾钙碱性演化系列,大部分岩石Mg#在40以下,右斜式从无Eu异常到明显的正Eu异常的稀土配分模式,具有明显的Th、Nd、Ta和Ti的负异常,εNd(t)= 0.65~-0.03,亏损地幔模式年龄tDM=2.78~2.71Ga。岩石成因研究表明,它们形成于初生岩浆和再循环地壳的铁镁质岩石部分熔融的岩浆混合,形成于大陆边缘弧的构造背景。形成于2.44~2.41Ga的红旗营子杂岩主要由变质铁镁质岩石-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩组成,表现了与单塔子杂岩类似的岩石化学特征,即中钾—高钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列,其中变质铁镁质岩石表现为大离子亲石元素变化较大,Th、Nb、Ta、Zr负异常,P为正异常。其他的花岗质岩石样品Th、Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常。所有岩石表现出右斜式无Eu异常的稀土配分模式。其中变质铁镁质岩石εNd(t)=-1....     

辽河盆地沙三期火山-侵入岩地球化学与岩石成因

辽河盆地沙三期火山-侵入岩为一套偏碱性的双峰式岩系，其基性端元为碱性玄武岩，中偏碱性端元为粗面质熔岩和侵入岩。碱性玄武岩富集高场强元素(如Nb、Th、Zr、Hf、V等)和轻稀土、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素，而亏损Rb和K，具有与板内碱性玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩类似的特征。粗面质岩石显示与基性端元相似的地球化学特征，其不相容元素含量总体上高于碱性玄武岩，但具强烈的Sr和Eu亏损。矿物学、岩石学及地球化学证据表明，玄武质岩石是软流圈地幔低程度部分熔融的产物，并经历了橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用，其源区可能有金云母和石榴石残留。玄武质岩浆上升到较浅部位后进一步发生橄榄石、辉石、斜长石和磁铁矿等的分离结晶作用而形成粗面质岩浆，地壳物质混染作用不显著。     

伊春东风经营所新元古代花岗质片麻岩U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征

张广才岭中段东风经营所一带发现新元古代花岗质片麻岩,岩石具有高硅、富碱和低钙、镁及偏铝质-过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式中轻稀土元素富集且缓向右倾斜,重稀土元素曲线较为平坦,为具有铕亏损的海鸥型,富集高场强元素Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta等大离子亲石元素,微量元素特征指示其形成于大陆地壳的部分熔融。锆石LA--ICP MS U--Pb定年结果表明,岩石加权平均年龄为(850.2±2.0)Ma,形成于新元古代。构造环境显示研究区花岗质片麻岩形成于挤压造山环境,为造山期的深熔产物。新元古代花岗质片麻岩的发现,表明研究区之前存在一古老的微陆块。     

西秦岭北缘天水地区新元古代花岗质片麻岩地球化学特征及其形成环境

西秦岭北缘新元古代花岗质片麻岩位于天水地区分隔北秦岭造山带和北祁连构造带的新阳-元龙韧性剪切带中。花岗质片麻岩具高Si、高Al的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK在1.104～1.389之间,为硅、铝过饱和类型,属典型的强过铝质S型花岗质岩石。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具中等负Eu异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La等）,强烈亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf等）,明显的Ba、P、Sr负异常,相对富集Zr。该花岗质岩石是一种典型的壳源成因类型,主要为上地壳中以成熟度较低、含泥质成分较高的杂砂岩、岩屑杂砂岩为原岩的古元古界秦岭岩群中含水矿物相脱水部分熔融形成的,可能存在少量的分离结晶作用。该花岗质片麻岩具有同碰撞型花岗岩的特征,可能是北秦岭微地块与相邻地块在新元古代早期发生汇聚的产物,是Rodinia超大陆在西秦岭地区汇聚的响应。     

西秦岭北缘天水地区新元古代花岗质片麻岩 地球化学特征及其形成环境

西秦岭北缘新元古代花岗质片麻岩位于天水地区分隔北秦岭造山带和北祁连构造带的新阳－元龙韧性剪切带中。花岗质片麻岩具高Si、高Al的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK在1.104～1.389之间,为硅、铝过饱和类型,属典型的强过铝质S型花岗质岩石。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具中等负Eu异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La等）,强烈亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf等）,明显的Ba、P、Sr负异常,相对富集Zr。该花岗质岩石是一种典型的壳源成因类型,主要为上地壳中以成熟度较低、含泥质成分较高的杂砂岩、岩屑杂砂岩为原岩的古元古界秦岭岩群中含水矿物相脱水部分熔融形成的,可能存在少量的分离结晶作用。该花岗质片麻岩具有同碰撞型花岗岩的特征,可能是北秦岭微地块与相邻地块在新元古代早期发生汇聚的产物,是Rodinia超大陆在西秦岭地区汇聚的响应。     

冈底斯带中段渐新世花岗质岩石锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其意义

以藏南冈底斯带中段渐新世花岗质岩石为研究对象,对其进行了岩相学、年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究,结果表明区内渐新世花岗质岩石岩性主要为中粗粒花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb定年表明,似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为26.4±0.4 Ma,属晚渐新世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征上里特曼指数σ为1.58～3.20,为高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列;铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.90～1.04,属准铝质—弱过铝质;岩石相对富集Rb、K和亏损Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素;轻稀土元素明显富集,轻重稀土元素分馏较强(La_N/Yb_N值为5.37～14.26),具有较弱的Eu负异常。岩相学及岩石地球化学指示花岗岩成因类型为I型。似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为0.08～6.31,Hf同位素一阶段模式年龄变化范围为445～687 Ma,主要来自新生地壳的部分熔融,并有幔源物质的加入;岩浆在成岩过程中存在分离结晶作用。综合分析认为,冈底斯带在渐新世时期处于印度与亚洲板块的碰撞造山环境,挤压作用及幔源物质侵位导致地壳加厚,使青藏高原在该时期发生了一次强烈的隆升。     

周口店官地杂岩中斜长角闪岩的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

周口店房山岩体南北两侧的官地杂岩主要由长英质片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和混合岩组成。笔者首次对东岭子官地杂岩中斜长角闪岩进行研究,斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年上交点年龄为(2 551±37)Ma,代表岩浆结晶年龄。其地球化学显示具有低TiO_2,高MgO的特点,Mg~#平均值为70,LREE与HREE分异度高,具有Eu的负异常。地球化学特征和岩相学揭示其岩浆经历分离结晶作用,原岩矿物主要由辉石、斜长石组成。锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)处于亏损地幔演化线和球粒陨石之间示踪源区为岩石圈富集地幔,微量元素方面富集LILE(Rb,Ba,K),亏损HFSE(Nb,Ta,Zr)的特点显示岛弧有关的富集地幔源区。初步认为大洋板片向东俯冲于增生岛弧和东部陆块之下,镁铁质成岩物质来源于大洋板片重熔流体交代的岩石圈地幔楔,同时,对于华北地块新太古宙末期大陆地壳生长的时间提供约束。     

Geology and geochemistry of the granitic rocks and associated dykes, East Gabal Nuqra, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

A crescent-shape granitic stock and associated dykes is located to the East Gabal Nuqra at the extreme western part of Wadi Natash,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.The examined granites are classified as alkali-feldspar granites and mainly consist of quartz,potash feldspars,plagioclases,and aegirine-augite.Xenotime,zircon,apatite and allanite are accessories representing the source of Y,U,Th and REEs in these rocks.These granites are characterized by high K2O,Na2O and Zn contents and Rb/Sr ratio.Also,they are highly enriched in high field strength elements(HFSE),especially Zr(1529×10-6),Nb(100×10-6),Hf(91×10-6) and Y(624×10-6) and light rare-earth elements(LREE,141×10-6) concentrations and strongly depleted in Ca,Mg,Sr and Eu contents.These features suggest that they are similar to A-type granites(type-2).The rhyolite dykes and granites have similar geochemical characteristics whereas the chondrite-normalized REE patterns show a LREE enriched feature with strong negative Eu-anomaly,whereas the REE pattern of trachydacites show slightly fractionated pattern with no Eu-anomaly.It is suggested that the trachydacites were generated by small degree of partial-melting deep-seated basic source.Such liquid,when subjected to fractional crystallization involving separation of plagioclases as residue,generated the alkali-feldspar granites.And further fractional crystallization gave rise to the alkali rhyolites.The igneous rock suite originated from metaluminous to alkaline trachytic magma,and was developed in a within-plate tectonic environment.The extension caused by NW-SE right-lateral shear in area led to the emplacement of the alkali-feldspar granites.The later extrusion of the alkali rhyolite and trachydacite dykes was due to cauldron subsidence.     

峨眉山大火成岩省晚期酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学特征

峨眉山大火成岩省出露有少量酸性火山岩,它们与基性火山岩共生,表现出双峰式的特征,为研究峨眉山地幔柱晚期岩浆活动提供了重要的窗口。本文通过对双峰式火山岩主、微量元素和斑晶电子探针分析研究表明,基性火山岩属于碱性玄武岩,酸性火山岩主要由粗面岩组成;相对玄武岩,粗面岩中MgO、Fe2O3、P2O5、TiO2、CaO含量明显降低;粗面岩与玄武岩具有相互平行的REE配分模式,但粗面岩出现明显的Eu负异常,以及Sr、Ti等元素的强烈亏损;粗面岩与玄武岩具有同源的特征,通过稀土元素模拟计算表明粗面岩可以由玄武质岩浆经过80%分离结晶作用(辉石、斜长石和Fe-Ti氧化物)而形成。在峨眉山大火成岩省晚期出现双峰式火山岩,可能与地幔柱活动晚期岩浆供给少,在地壳岩浆房中停留时间长,岩浆发生强烈分离结晶作用有关。     

云南个旧似长石正长岩类及其岩石成因

云南个旧碱性岩体主要的岩石类型有碱性正长岩和似长石正长岩,其中,似长石正长岩中出现大量似长石矿物霞石、方钠石和碱性暗色矿物。本文根据矿物成分及特征,将这些似长石正长岩进一步划分为黑榴霞石方钠正长岩、霞石方钠正长岩、霞石正长岩及方钠霞石正长岩4类。岩石地球化学结果表明,4类岩石的地球化学行为整体表现出过碱质岩的特征,K2O+Na2O含量很高,为钾玄岩系列,同时表现出钾质的特点。分异指数高,呈现高度分异演化特点。稀土元素变化大,轻重稀土元素分异明显,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Th、U及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr大离子亲石元素,而P和高场强元素Ta、Ti亏损,同时Cr、Co、Ni含量非常低,具有中等的负Eu异常和微弱的负Ce异常。研究表明,似长石正长岩在岩浆演化过程中表现出明显的分离结晶作用特征,且岩浆起源温度较高,约为835℃,起源较深。个旧似长石正长岩为A型岩套A1亚型,结合构造判别图解,认为其可能来自角闪石或者金云母相矿物存在的富集地幔,形成于燕山晚期伸展的构造背景,岩浆在较高温度下高度结晶分异,并在侵位过程中伴随陆壳成分的混染。     

胶东海阳所超镁铁岩中强亲铁元素的地球化学特征及其构造环境探讨

强亲铁元素与亲石元素具有不同的地球化学行为,因此能够从不同的角度为造山带中超镁铁岩的成因及演化提供重要信息.位于苏鲁造山带东北端的胶东海阳所超镁铁岩主要由橄榄岩和辉石岩组成,它们常以团块状赋存于花岗质片麻岩中.虽然前人对这些超镁铁岩已经开展大量岩石学研究,但关于其成因及构造属性仍存在较大争议.本文开展了海阳所超镁铁岩的...     

Paleozoic alkaline volcanism: geochemistry and petrogenesis of Um Khors and Um Shaghir trachytes of the central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Um Khors and Um Shaghir trachyte (UKT and UST) plugs and sheets represent two conspicuous outcrops of Paleozoic alkaline volcanism in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The trachyte magmatisms erupted along the Pan-African NW-trending shear zone (302?±?15 and 273?±?15?Ma, respectively) and intruded the Late Proterozoic rocks of the studied area. The trachyte rocks consist mainly of sanidine, anorthoclase, albite, and quartz with a noticeable amount of aegirine?Caugite, aegirine, hedenbergite, and arvedsonite. The studied trachytes are moderately evolved in composition (with 62?C67.5?wt.% SiO₂) and exhibit a limited compositional range in most of the major elements. They are alkaline in nature and considered as silica-oversaturated rocks. The rare earth elements (REE) patterns are somewhat uniform and highly fractionated, being enriched in light REE over heavy REE and show prominent negative Eu anomalies. The UKT and UST are enriched in high field strength elements Nb, Zr, and Y, consistent with typical within-plate alkaline magmatisms of extensional tectonic regimes. They were generated through the fractional crystallization of mantle-derived magmas. Although the UST is younger than the UKT, they show approximately similar chemical compositional ranges of the most major and trace elements, with somewhat higher MgO, Cr, Ni, and Ba contents in the former. This may argue against the evolution of the UST via a continuous fractional crystallization of the residual magmatic melt of the UKT. Thus, the UKT and UST are genetically related but could be emplaced through two various magmatic pulses of the same parent source (i.e., asthenospheric mantle source) at different times. The ascending magmatisms were subjected to variable significant degrees of crustal contamination during their generation.     

西秦岭甘青交界一带晚三叠世火山岩岩石成因及构造指示意义

西秦岭甘肃、青海交界一带中生代火山岩较为发育,火山岩组成以安山质、流纹质为主,均为高钾钙碱性火山岩,主、微量元素含量变化较大。SiO2的质量分数为5667%～7817%,平均6978%, Al2O3含量较高(1277%～1729%,平均1464%)。TiO2含量少(002％～075%,平均022%),Na2O/K2O比值较小(003％～268%,平均065%)。轻稀土元素中等富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,稀土元素配分曲线明显右倾,具Eu负异常。安山质火山岩与流纹质火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石配分曲线中重稀土型式明显不同,暗示二者来自不同的源区。微量元素中P、Nb、Ti、Ta等高场强元素(HFS)相对亏损,Th、 Ba、K、Rb等大离子亲石元素相对富集。研究区安山岩LA ICP MS锆石U Pb同位素定年结果为(236±12)Ma,代表了火山岩的喷发年龄。它们形成于隆务峡蛇绿岩洋壳向南俯冲的活动大陆边缘弧环境,为俯冲洋壳在地幔深部发生高程度部分熔融作用的产物,并在上升过程中受到陆壳物质作用。在岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分异结晶作用的控制,但安山质火山岩主要受控于分异结晶作用,而流纹质火山岩受部分熔融作用较大。     

Mineralogical and Petrological Characteristics of the Neoproterozoic Orthoamphibolite and Orthogneisses in the Mutki Area, the Bitlis Massif, Southeast Turkey

<正>The rocks form as amphibolite±garnet±epidote and orthogneisses in the Pan-African basement of the Bitlis Massif.The petrochemical data of the studied metamorphic rocks suggest different igneous protoliths ranging from calcalkaline basalt to andesite in composition. Petrochemically,the rocks can be classified as group 1(low Zr and La) and group 2(high Zr and La), all showing various enrichments in large ion lithophiles and light rare earth elements,and a depletion in high-field strength elements,suggestive of a destructive plate margin setting.The protoliths of the all samples might have formed mostly by the partial melting of an enriched source,possibly coupled with the fractional crystallization of plagioclase,apatite,and titaniferous magnetite±olivine±clinopyroxene±amphibole in relation with subduction-related magmatism neighboring the Andeantype active margins of Gondwana.The group 2 samples could,however,be generated by a relatively lower degree of the partial melting of an inhomogeneous source with a preponderance of a high-level, fractional crystallization process in comparison to group 1.The protoliths of the samples were metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies conditions,which destroys original igneous texture and mineral assemblages.Geothermobarometric calculations show that the metamorphic rocks are finally equilibrated between 540 and 610℃and～5 kbars,following a clockwise P-T-t path.     

西准噶尔北部比图岩体的地球化学特征及构造环境

选择西准噶尔北部晚志留世比图岩体进行系统的岩石学、地球化学特征研究,揭示其岩石成因及形成的大地构造环境。比图岩体岩性以钾长花岗岩为主,边部为碱性花岗岩、正长岩和闪长岩。钾长花岗岩和正长岩贫Mg O(0.3%~0.5%)、CaO(0.8%~1.1%),稀土含量高(105~204μg/g),Eu异常明显,属于碱性高分异I型花岗岩;碱性花岗岩富碱(6.8%)、贫Al_2O_3(9.9%),稀土含量较高(271μg/g),极度亏损Sr、Ba、Eu,属于典型的A型花岗岩。闪长岩富MgO(4.1%)和CaO(7.5%),稀土含量较高(93μg/g),属于高钾钙碱性系列,源自富水地幔的部分熔融。岩体地球化学特征表明比图钾长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、正长岩均是新生地壳部分熔融之后不同程度结晶分异的产物;比图岩体的各种岩性普遍具有富碱、轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),弱亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)的地球化学特征,形成于后碰撞的伸展环境。     

Petrology and Genesis of Hercynian Alkaline Orthogneisses from Provence, France

Major and trace element variations in an Ordovician alkalineorthogneiss (ortholeptynites) series of the Maures massif, France,suggest that the pre-metamorphic rocks were alkaline and peralkalinerhyolites derived by fractional crystallization from trachy-rhyoliticmagma. Differentiation proceeded under low oxygen fugacity conditions,with the production of high-silica comendites. By comparisonwith unaltered alkaline and peralkaline rhyolites, it is possibleto prove that the parental magma was not similar to the metatholeiitesthat are associated with the orthogneisses in the field. Norwere the metarhyolites derived from the alkaline to transitionalmetabasalts of the same age which occur elsewhere in the Mauresmassif. The orthogneisses have geochemical features typicalof alkaline and peralkaline rhyolites occurring with basaltsin continental, anorogenic, bimodal associations. This hypothesisis also supported by zircon morphology and mineral chemistry.The Maures massif was a within-plate continental volcanic province,whose crust underwent doming and thinning, but not break up,during lower Palaeozoic times.     

藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.