从防波效益分析湛江沿海红树林营造宽度

根据湛江沿海波浪分布情况,运用章家昌提出的防波林消波系数公式,以防波效益８０％为目标,通过计算和综合分析得：湛江沿岸营造红树林时,在潮差小（约２ｍ左右）海区,营造宽度应在８０～１２０ｍ左右;在潮差大（约４ｍ左右）海区,营造宽度应在２００～３００ｍ左右。     

南海区捕捞渔业现状与对策

南海是中国四大海区吕最大的海区 ,海域面积辽阔 ,其中大陆架面积约占总面积的一半以上 ,仅北部大陆架 (2 0 0 m等深线以浅 )海域面积约 3.74× 1 0 5km2 ,海区平均水深 1 2 1 2 m,海洋水文环境相对稳定 ,具有热带和亚热海洋的特征。南海北部地下自然环境优越 ,沿岸入海河流多 ,径流量大 ,水质肥沃 ,渔业资源丰富 ,渔场广阔 ,全区海底为大面积平缓地带 ,为发展海洋渔业提供了有利条件。但是 ,目前南海区海洋捕捞渔业的形势并不乐观。1　渔业现状1 .1　渔船数量及其功率不断增加　　据报告 ,南海区海洋捕捞机动渔船从 1 95 3年的 4艘 ,发展到…     

大黄鱼库道虫病的初步研究

在广东湛江海水网箱养殖的大黄鱼 (Pseudosciaenacrocea)中发现了库道虫病 (Kudoasis) ,检出率高达 31%。其症状表现为 :白色孢囊分布于胸鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍等的鳍膜下 ,剖检时发现腹壁和背部肌肉中布满许多白色呈球形或椭圆形的小孢囊 ,在肠系膜、腹膜以及近口腔的粘膜上也有大量的白色小孢囊分布。镜检发现孢囊中含有典型的库道虫 ,其孢子宽为 ( 8 90± 0 55) μm ,长为 ( 8 35± 0 4 6 ) μm ,极囊宽为 ( 2 39± 0 36 ) μm ,极囊长为 ( 4 4 8± 0 39) μm。孢子在淡水中 2 0min后全部死亡 ,在盐度为 6的水体中 ,12h和 2 4h后存活率分别约为 87.4 %和 70 % ;在盐度为 16、2 6和 36的水体中 ,孢子存活率均为 10 0 % ;在盐度为 4 6的水体中 ,12h和 2 4h后存活率分别约为92 %和 84 %。孢子对低温有较强的耐受力 ,当水温达到 4 4℃时 ,8h、12h和 2 4h后 ,孢子的存活率分别约为 91%、80 .5%和 6 6 %。     

山东省平度—莱西地区透辉石矿矿床地质特征

平度—莱西地区透辉石矿成矿带西起平度长乐镇东至莱西市南墅镇,全长约50km,宽约5km,总体分布方向近EW向.矿体控制长度为510～1873.5m,厚度为45.72～67.59m,最大延伸约200m.矿石矿物透辉石含量一般为80％～98％.有害组分Fe2O3含量一般为0.22％～0.31％,MnO+TiO2含量一般为0...     

施氏獭蛤的生态观察

施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii Reeve)属暖水性贝类，分布于热带-亚热带海区，在我国东海和南海都有。据在广西和海南沿海的调查，它生活在潮下带至水深78m的沙或沙泥底质中。营埋栖生活，深度达21cm。生活海区的水温为8～32℃，盐度11．50～33．00，pH值8．2～8．4，透明度4～7m。食物以底栖硅藻和有机碎屑为主。繁殖期在5～9月。其肉供食用，是较珍贵的食品，可以发展人工增养殖。     

杭州雷峰塔遗址地下遥感考古研究

雷峰塔位于杭州西子国宾馆内 ,始建于公元 972年 ,于 192 4年倒塌 ,曾是著名的西湖十景之一--雷峰夕照。为了重现昔日的景观 ,浙江省政府、杭州市政府决定重建雷锋塔 ,为此需要对雷锋塔进行考古清理 ,包括地下部分的清理。为了确定塔基是否存在地宫 ,我们利用雷达设备对该塔基进行了探测 ,明确了地宫的存在。而且 ,地质雷达探测成果资料非常准确 :水平位置 1.0～ 2 .8m,纵向深度 1.3～ 2 .6 m处的雷达波异常反射 ,是由夯土层引起的。水平位置 1.5～ 2 .4 m,纵向深度 2 .6 m处的双曲线型拱起反射波同相轴是地宫顶板 (石板 )引起的。据此亦明确了地宫的大致位置。现场开挖发现地宫大小 (包括地宫周边砖墙 )为 0 .9× 0 .9m,高 0 .5 m,这与雷达图像资料吻合。     

紫红笛鲷随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD技术分析了湛江近海紫红笛鲷 (LutjanusargentimaculatusForsk l)的遗传多样性。从 12 0个随机引物中筛选出了 14个引物。 14个引物共检测到 173个位点 ,其中多态位点比例 (P)为 6 8.79%,遗传距离 (D)为 0 .2 2 2 8,遗传多样性指数 (H)为 0 .190 4。结果表明 ,目前湛江近海的紫红笛鲷自然群体的遗传多样性仍然维持在良好水平 ,捕捞尚未对其造成明显影响。     

七台河新建煤矿构造发育规律探析

一、新建煤矿概况 新建煤矿位于七台河市新兴区,为七台河矿区的一部分,北部为新立矿,东部与桃山矿相邻,西部紧邻新建矿,南部境界为煤系基盘不整合线,深部境界为－500m标高线。走向长度8km～10km,宽度为4km,井田面积约为38km^2。整个煤系地质的厚度约900m,共发育30层～80层煤,其中可采或不可采煤层20层～50层。区内交通极为方便,铁路、公路可通,七勃公路从本区通过,距哈尔滨430km,距牡丹江230km。     

引黄入晋工程测量坐标系统设计与应用

引黄入晋工程全长 5 38.78km ,跨越经差达到了 1°5 2′ (相当于经向宽度达到 2 0 0多公里 ) ,工程海拔高度 90 0～ 1890m ,其高差达到 990m ,工程比高达到 6 48m。工程的施工测量精度普遍要求较高 ,某些特殊工程 (例如 ,超长隧洞的贯通、大型水工建筑物的放样、地下泵站的施工等 )的施工测量精度要求更高。因此 ,在引黄入晋工程施工测量中 ,为了满足工程的整体布置和局部放样的高精度之需要 ,选用了标准高斯坐标系、局部高斯坐标系和施工坐标系等 3套测量坐标系 ,介绍了这 3套坐标系的设计 ,并重点对其应用进行了论述。     

斑节对虾虾苗白斑综合症杆状病毒的检测和养殖跟踪

利用 2步 PCR检测技术对湛江和阳西地区的虾苗进行白斑综合病杆状病毒 ( WSSV)检测。在仔虾 2日龄最早检测到病毒 ,有 2 5%的虾苗带有 WSSV病毒。带病毒虾苗和不带病毒虾苗分别在不同养殖模式的养殖过程中跟踪。前者在湛江湖光镇普通虾塘跟踪养殖 ,它们在变化的环境中容易发病 ,p H、盐度和温度是重要的诱发因子 ,在养殖 50～ 60 d时发病死亡 ;后者在高位池和普通池养殖跟踪 ,它们对变化的环境有较大的适应性 ,养殖时间为 80～ 1 1 0 d,在相对优良的养殖技术条件下大部分可望养殖成功。环境中有 WSSV病原传入 ,不带病毒虾苗在养殖后期可以带有 WSSV病毒 ,出现白斑虾。跟踪的普通池有爆发病害 ,但是时间延后 ,跟踪的高位池没有爆发病害。     

日照市海岸带海滩沉积物粒度特征及物源分析

根据日照市海岸带2个重点海滩所采集的样品,通过粒度、磁化率、主微量及稀土元素等方面的调查资料,综合分析了研究区沉积物类型、分布特征、搬运路径及物质来源。结果表明,研究区沉积物类型以砂为主,在平行海岸方向上,沉积物粒径自北至南由细变粗。在垂直海岸方向上,从滩肩到滩面再到低潮线处,沉积物粒径逐渐变细。海滨国家森林公园海滩的分选性要好于万平口海水浴场海滩。沉积物受黄海沿岸流影响,多自北向南运移。海滩中浅部物质的来源与陆内一侧基岩中斜长片麻岩和二长花岗岩的关系较为密切,深部物质的来源与靠海一侧基岩中花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩的关系较为密切。     

SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE TIDAL FLAT FROM JINHUIGANG TO CAOJING ALONG THE NORTH BANK OF HANGZHOU BAY

This paper deals with the seasonal changes of the tidal flat along the north bank of Hangzhou Bay. Analysis of a one year set of weekly measured tidal flat profiles from Jinhuigang to Caojing shows that the tidal flat on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay accretes during winter and erodes during summer. To identify the characteristic patterns of the tidal flat spatio-temporal variations, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) is applied on the tidal flat profile data. The results show that most of the variations of the tidal flat profiles can be represented by three eigenfunctions corresponding to the three largest eigenvalues. The first eigenfunction represents the long-term variation of the tidal flat over a year, the second eigenfunction represents the seasonal changes of the tidal flat resulting from the seasonal variations in wave regime, the third eigenfunction indicates sediment exchanges between different parts of the tidal flat associated with the variations of sea level.     

Climate projections of spatial variations in coastal storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast

Using statistically downscaled atmospheric forcing, we performed a numerical investigation to evaluate future climate's impact on storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast. The focus is on the impact of climatic changes in wind pattern and surface pressure while neglecting sea level rise and other factors. We adapted the regional ocean model system(ROMS) to the study region with a mesh grid size of 7–10 km in horizontal and 18 vertical layers. The model was validated by a hindcast of the coastal sea levels in the winter of 2008. Model's robustness was confirmed by the good agreement between model-simulated and observed sea levels at 37 tidal gages. Two 10-year forecasts, one for the IPCC Pre-Industry(PI) and the other for the A1 FI scenario, were conducted. The differences in model-simulated surge heights under the two climate scenarios were analyzed. We identified three types of responses in extreme surge heights to future climate: a clear decrease in Middle Atlantic Bight, an increase in the western Gulf of Mexico, and non-significant response for the remaining area. Such spatial pattern is also consistent with previous projections of sea surface winds and ocean wave heights.     

Three Decades of Sea-Ice Variability in Jiaozhou Bay Revealed by Landsat Observations

In this study, we used Landsat images and meteorological data to examine the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of sea ice in Jiaozhou Bay(JZB) between 1986 and 2016. The results show that JZB is not always covered by sea ice in winter, but in some extreme cases, sea ice has covered more than one-third of the sea area of the bay. Sea ice in JZB has generally formed between January 1 and February 5, primarily along the coast, and gradually expanding to the central area of the bay. Both meteorological and artificial factors have played important roles in modulating the sea ice distribution. We found sea ice coverage to have been strongly correlated with the accumulated freezing-degree days nine days before the occurrence of sea ice(R2 = 0.767). North-northwest surface winds have dominated the freezing period of sea water in the JZB, and wind speed has exerted a more significant influence on the formation of sea ice when the sea ice coverage has been generally small. Additionally, artificial factors began to affect the expansion of sea ice in JZB since 2007. The construction of the Jiao-Zhou-Bay Bridge(JZBB) is believed to have retarded water flow and reduced the tidal prism, thereby leading to the formation of an ice bridge along the JZBB, which effectively prevents the southward expansion of sea ice.     

岭南文学中的一抹湛蓝——论湛江本土文学作品中的海洋韵味与海洋色调

近年来,湛江的本土作者踵武前贤,致力于＂海洋文章＂,创作出了一批具有海洋韵味与海洋色调的作品,为岭南文学版图添加了一抹湛蓝。湛江本土作者发表了一批＂女人与海＂的小说,塑造出具有＂深广博大＂情怀的＂海的女儿＂形象。另外,湛江本土诗文＂面朝大海＂,表现了＂天容海色＂的人文与自然景观,创造了＂湛蓝渺远＂的艺术境界。湛江本土文学的意义在于,优秀的本土文学作品可以让外界认识湛江,树立湛江的文化形象。湛江本土文学的未来在于,本土作家应该发挥＂地灵福气生天外＂的地理优势,奋力开创＂自有高人出世才＂的局面。     

IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON COASTAL EROSION IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA AND NORTH JIANGSU COASTAL PLAINO

（季子修）（蒋自巽）ＩＭＰＡＣＴＳＯＦＳＥＡＬＥＶＥＬＲＩＳＥＯＮＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＥＲＯＳＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡＡＮＤＮＯＲＴＨＪＩＡＮＧＳＵＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＰＬＡＩＮＯ￥ＪｉＺｉｘｉｕ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

加强生态环境保护 促进湛江珍珠养殖业持续发展

为促进湛江珍珠养殖业的持续发展,各级政府和海域管理部门应认真贯彻执行国家有关海域管理的法律法规,加强海域环境保护的宣传教育工作,提高养殖者的环境保护意识。珍珠养殖者要创新养殖方式,拓展新的养殖空间,尊重自然规律,自觉保护海洋生态环境,以解决湛江珍珠养殖业存在的养殖海域无证使用、无度开发、生态功能丧失等问题。     

Tidal current observation in the southern Yellow Sea in the summers of 2001 and 2003

Direct current observations in the Yellow Sea interior are very scarce due to intense fishing and trawling activities. Most previous studies on tides in the area were based on coastal measurements or satellite altimeter sea levels and have not been rigorously compared with direct measurements. In this paper, tidal currents are studied with current profiles from three bottom-moored Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profilers （ADPs） deployed in the southern Yellow Sea in summer of 2001 and 2003. The measured current series were dominated by tidal currents. Maximum velocities are between 40-80 cm/s at the mooring stations. M2 current is the most dominant primary tidal constituent, while MS4 and M4 are the most significant shallow water tides with much smaller amplitudes than the primary tides.     

Impacts of sea level rise on coastal erosion in the Changjiang River delta and north Jiangsu coastal plain

At present, approximately 36% of coasts are experiencing net erosion in the Changjiang River delta and the north Jiangsu coastal plain. Future sea level rise will accelerate the process of coastal erosion. According to the ratio of the calculated value of coast retreat by Bruun rule to the estimated value by using measured data, the proportion affected by sea level rise in total coastal erosion has been estimated in this paper. When sea level rises by 20cm, the proportion determined by sea level rise will increase from 1.0% at present to 2.2% in the future in the coasts of abandoned Huanghe River delta and from 8.5%–9.6% to 13.5%–15.2% in the north and south banks of the Changjiang River delta. This result is lower than that from the similar research in the world, and this phenomenon is related with the special development process of the coasts in this area. The mechanism of accelerating coastal erosion by sea level rise is that sea level is will increase the intensity of tidal current, wave and storm surge and decrease the ability to reduce the force of waves on the tidal flat and coastal wetland due to the loss of their areas. Therefore, the length of erosion coasts will increase, the sedimentation rate of accretion coasts will decrease or even turn accretion into erosion, the width of tidal flat will reduce and coastal slope will increase. So the project of coastal protection of this area must be reinforced. Project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Tidal analysis in the venturi-shaped area between Zhenhai and Shenjiamen in the East China Sea

In order to better understand the general tidal features in the venturi-shaped area between Zhenhai and Shenjiamen in the northern coastal region of Zhejiang Province in the East China Sea, the tidal data were obtained from both the three permanent tide stations of Zhenhai, Dinghai and Shenjiamen, and four temporary tide stations of Mamu, Chuanshan, Guoju and Liuheng, along with the current speed being observed at Luotou Waterway. Results from harmonic analysis show that: (1) The area was dominated by shallow water tides with irregular semi-diurnal features, and the smallest tidal range occurred in the area near a crossing line between Zhenhai and Dinghai stations, indicating that a tidal node existed in the southern Hangzhou Bay; (2) Formulae, HS2/HM2 >0.4 and gM2-(gK1+gO1)=270° (where H and g are harmonic constants), could be used as judging criteria for high and low tidal level diurnal inequalities; (3) The duration difference between ebb and flood tides could be roughly assessed by the ratio of HM4 vs. HM2; and the larger the ratio is, the bigger the duration difference is. At the same time, the duration period could be assessed by 2gM2-gM4, the epoch difference between M2 and M4 tidal constituents. If 2gM2-gM4 <180°, then the ebb duration is longer than the flood duration; if 180°< 2gM2-gM4 <360°, the result is reversed; (4) Taking Dinghai station as a center point, the highest tidal levels and the average high tidal levels, as well as the average tidal ranges at all stations became higher and larger both southeastwards and northwestwards, while the lowest tidal levels and the average low tidal levels appeared to be lower both southeastwards and northwestwards; and (5) The tidal patterns were not all in line with the tidal current patterns. As a conclusion, the smallest tidal range occurred in the narrow part of the venturi-shaped area. Along the both sides of the area, the highest tidal level and tidal range became higher and larger, while the lowest tidal level became lower with the increase of the distance from the narrow throat area. This is somehow different from the theory that the tidal level increases gradually when it moves towards the top narrow area of a V-shaped bay or estuary.