中国大陆边缘构造属性与超巨量金属工业堆积

研究了大陆边缘的形成与演化,以中国大陆已存在的3条陆壳对接消减带为界,划分了5个大陆边缘构造带、13个次一级的边缘构造区及其内部的58个时空配置结构,并据区内现有金属矿产地计算了其发现几率。依据大陆边缘的形成、演化及其动力学特征,将中国大陆边缘划分为离散型、汇聚型、对接碰撞型和转换型4类,并总结了其成矿专属。大陆边缘虽然有利成矿,但是超巨量金属工业堆积应取决于其成矿有利因素是否达到最佳耦合。提出了最佳耦合应是异常地质事件激发正常成矿作用发生“引潮共振”①的结果。     

典型被动大陆边缘深水盆地构造演化与层序地层学分析

深水油气勘探是当前全球油气勘探的热点和最具发展潜力的新领域,研究被动大陆边缘深水盆地的构造演化过程和层序地层学特征无疑具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过对典型被动大陆边缘深水盆地的综合研究,分析了被动大陆边缘深水盆地的构造演化过程和层序地层学特征,认为被动大陆边缘深水盆地“经历了四大区域构造演化阶段（大陆开裂、大陆裂谷、新生大陆边缘、成熟大陆边缘）,相应发育三个不整合（裂开不整合、分离不整合和陆裾转换不整合）,可划分为四大构造层序（大陆开裂层序、大陆裂谷层序、新生大陆边缘层序和成熟大陆边缘层序）”。     

北美东部被动大陆边缘盆地的分段性与油气勘探

北美东部被动大陆边缘是世界上最古老的完整被动大陆边缘之一,是研究被动大陆边缘发育演化的天然实验室。本文在大量国外研究成果的基础上,应用盆地构造解析方法,深入研究了北美东部被动大陆边缘盆地群的地质结构和构造演化特征,并揭示了盆地群的油气地质规律。研究认为,北美东部盆地群沉积充填和不整合面发育具有明显的分段性和差异性。以区域不整合面为界,不同段盆地可划分为不同的构造层:南段盆地可划分为两套构造层;中段南部盆地可划分为3套构造层;中段北部盆地可划分为4套构造层;而北段盆地可划分为5套构造层。盆地群整体经历了陆内裂谷—陆间裂谷—被动大陆边缘的演化过程,但不同段盆地的构造演化具有明显的分段性和迁移性:晚三叠世沉降中心位于南段盆地;早侏罗世初期迁移至中段盆地,南段大陆开始裂解;中侏罗世逐渐迁移至北段盆地,中段大陆开始裂解;早白垩世晚期,北段大陆开始裂解。受持续的抬升剥蚀及大西洋岩浆活动省的联合作用,南段盆地和中段大多数盆地缺乏油气保存条件;斯科舍盆地和大浅滩盆地是主要的含油气盆地,以上侏罗统烃源岩为主,主要发育断层—背斜圈闭和盐体刺穿圈闭,整体表现为“自生自储”和“下生上储”的特征。     

中国中、新生代构造与含油气盆地

中国大陆与沿海有数以百计的中新生代盆地,其中绝大部分蕴藏着丰富的油气资源。关于这些盆地的形成,朱夏曾认为是阿尔卑斯构造运动对前阿尔卑斯中国地台进行改造而产生的一种新的构造格局,并曾借用和引伸S.V.Bubnoff的“变格运动”(Diktyogenese)一辞来说明。1980年又指出,当时所说的阿尔卑斯运动体制(从泛大陆开始解体以来,控制了新全球构造格局的板块运动体制)在中国大陆内部不同地壳块段上的表现。     

白垩纪：中国及邻区板块构造演化的一个重要变换期

中国及邻区是一系列不同起源的微大陆（克拉通）和地块经多期增生和碰撞而形成的复合大陆,海西-印支旋回和新特提斯旋回在其形成中起了决定性的作用。侏罗纪末白垩纪初部分新特提斯洋（有人称中特提斯）闭合,亚洲大陆的雏形出现,白垩纪末新特提斯洋全面消减,亚洲大陆形成,因而白垩纪是中国及邻区板块构造演化的一个重要变换期。笔者从地球动力学系统的变换、构造格局的变换、北东向新生构造的出现和造山作用类型的多样化等方面论述了这一变换。这一变换集中表现在中国及邻区的构造演化由原来的南、北分异在白垩纪转变为东、西两部发生分异,西部以构造的继承性为特色,东部则新生构造起了主要作用。反映在地形一地貌上,早白垩世该区东高西低,白垩纪末开始出现今日的西高东低面貌。盆地发育和“盆”“山”系统也在白垩纪开始发生重要变换,说明东亚大陆边缘因向太平洋的蠕散而不断解体,大陆内部构造则日趋复杂。中国及邻区的这一实例再次说明必须坚持活动论构造观,以动态演化的思路来重塑区域大地构造演化。     

“大陆构造及成矿作用研究现状”笔谈会

在探索地球岩石圈构造及其演化中,人们认识到必须把注意力集中于大陆构造.因为现代海洋年龄仅两亿年,大陆岩石圈则全面系统地保留了四十六亿年来岩石圈的变形构造和演化过程,所以大陆及其边缘被列为80年代国际岩石圈计划的主要研究课题.我国夹持在西伯利亚板块、印度板块和太平洋板块之间.在几大板块的相互作用中,中国大陆展现了一幅丰富多彩、复杂纷繁的构造图景.为了探索我国东部大陆构造及其形成演化的规律,开拓找矿远景,今秋将在中国地质大学(武汉)召开“中国东部大陆构造及成矿作用讨论会”.本刊约请几位专家对大陆构造中的几个问题抒发己见,供关心大陆构造及成矿作用研究现状的同志们参考.今后我们还将采用这种笔谈形式对地质领域的重大课题进行讨论交流.     

活动论构造历史观——朱夏教授1990年4月17日在地矿部无锡石油地质中心实验室的讲话

上海市地质学会前任理事长,中科院学部委员、地质学家朱夏教授已于1990年11月25日因病谢世,终年70岁。本刊这期刊登“活动论构造历史观”一文,並转载《中国现代地质学家传》中“大地构造学家、石油地质学家——朱夏”,以志悼念之情。“活动论构造历史观”一文是先生生前抱病所作的最后一个学术报告。他以生动、幽默的语言,深入浅出地论述了他对活动论构造的历史观点。报告涉及面广,观点鲜明。现全文发表,以响读者。本文系根据录音整理,未经先生本人校核,如有不确之处,概由本刊编辑部负责。     

中国西部三大海相克拉通含油气盆地沉积-构造转换与生储岩

从含油气盆地沉积-构造演化的视角和盆地性质转变的动态观出发，把中国西部的油气盆地划分为4种类型，塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯3个古生代海相盆地具有相似的地质演化和生储体系。泛大陆解体后，震旦纪-早中奥陶世为被动大陆边缘，中晚奥陶世至志留纪为夭折前陆盆地，代表三大陆块与周边洋盆的盆山转换。构造演化在克拉通上的地质响应表现在3个方面：一是沉积了2套烃源岩，即大陆边缘和“夭折”的前陆盆地阶段的沉积物；二是形成古隆起、古暴露和古岩溶，并在克拉通上有4个盆山转换面；三是晚古生代海侵盆地阶梯式地上超在早古生代海退盆地序列之上，导致下生上储和封隔盖层。     

东北亚中生代火山岩研究若干问题的思考

东北亚中生代火山岩包括大陆边缘北北东向线型火山岩带,以及大陆内部俄罗斯西伯利亚、蒙古、中国大兴安岭等面型火山岩带。它们是东北亚古亚洲洋构造域向太平洋构造域转换时期深部地幔地球化学过程以及东亚大陆与古太平洋板块相互作用的产物。对它们的研究涉及古生代古亚洲构造域闭合过程的深部地幔的动力学和地球化学演化历史,以及东亚大陆边缘由被动边缘向活动大陆边缘转换历史。古亚洲域大洋岩石圈向地幔深部潜入而引发的热地幔     

中国造山带研究的回顾和展望

本文简要回顾了20世纪50年代以来中国地质学家在研究显生宙陆（板）缘造山带或古大陆边缘造山带中所取得的进展：多数巨型造山系经历了多阶段古洋盆形成和消亡，陆块碰撞演化历史；离散大陆边缘多样性；洋盆产出环境和消减 迁移多样性。近20年来我国学者加强了造山带三维变形运动学研究，提出了多层次滑脱叠置构造，剖面上、平面上的楔入构造等重要新认识。最后指出中国大陆造山带今后研究热点和展望。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861