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基于GPS技术的活动断裂监测——以鲜水河、龙门山断裂为例 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
GPS作为重要的技术手段,在地壳运动研究中得到广泛应用。以青藏高原东缘的鲜水河、龙门山两条重要活动断裂为例,根据GPS监测获得的欧亚框架的运动速度场,用刚性地块假设下的最小二乘法拟合方法,对其现今断裂活动性进行了研究。研究表明鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂的整体运动速率分别为8.67±2.65mm/a、1.67±2.07mm/a;鲜水河断裂的甘孜-乾宁段、乾宁-康定段运动速率为8.88±2.74mm/a、9.73±2.30mm/a;龙门山断裂北段、中段、南段运动速率则分别为1.91±2.47mm/a、1.70±0.96mm/a、1.57±1.21mm/a。由此表明鲜水河断裂现今活动性大,而龙门山断裂的活动性相对不大。同时,断裂性质研究表明鲜水河断裂为左旋走滑挤压断裂;龙门山断裂性质为右旋挤压走滑断裂。 相似文献
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Characterization of active fault scarps from LiDAR data: a case study from Central Apennines (Italy)
Carlo Alberto Brunori Riccardo Civico Francesca Romana Cinti 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1405-1416
A high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM, 1 ms spacing) derived from an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) campaign was used in an attempt to characterize the structural and erosive elements of the geometry of the Pettino fault, a seismogenic normal fault in Central Apennines (Italy). Four 90- to 280 m-long fault scarp segments were selected and the surface between the base and the top of the scarps was analyzed through the statistical analysis of the following DEM-derived parameters: altitude, height of the fault scarp, and distance along strike, slope, and aspect. The results identify slopes of up to 40° in faults lower reaches interpreted as fresh faces, 34° up the faces. The Pettino fault maximum long-term slip rate (0.6–1.1 mm/yr) was estimated from the scarp heights, which are up to 12–19 m in the selected four segments, and the age (ca. 18 ka) of the last glacial erosional phase in the area. The combined analysis of the DEM-derived parameters allows us to (a) define aspects of three-dimensional scarp geometry, (b) decipher its geomorphological significance, and (c) estimate the long-term slip rate. 相似文献
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Source models such as the k -squared stochastic source model with k -dependent rise time are able to reproduce source complexity commonly observed in earthquake slip inversions. An analysis of the dynamic stress field associated with the slip history prescribed in these kinematic models can indicate possible inconsistencies with physics of faulting. The static stress drop, the strength excess, the breakdown stress drop and critical slip weakening distance D c distributions are determined in this study for the kinematic k -squared source model with k -dependent rise time. Several studied k -squared models are found to be consistent with the slip weakening friction law along a substantial part of the fault. A new quantity, the stress delay, is introduced to map areas where the yielding criterion of the slip weakening friction is violated. Hisada's slip velocity function is found to be more consistent with the source dynamics than Boxcar, Brune's and Dirac's slip velocity functions. Constant rupture velocities close to the Rayleigh velocity are inconsistent with the k -squared model, because they break the yielding criterion of the slip weakening friction law. The bimodal character of D c / D tot frequency–magnitude distribution was found. D c approaches the final slip D tot near the edge of both the fault and asperity. We emphasize that both filtering and smoothing routinely applied in slip inversions may have a strong effect on the space–time pattern of the inferred stress field, leading potentially to an oversimplified view of earthquake source dynamics. 相似文献
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F.J. García-Tortosa P. Alfaro J. Galindo-Zaldívar L. Gibert A.C. Lpez-Garrido C. Sanz de Galdeano M. Urea 《Geomorphology》2008,97(3-4):374-391
The present work investigates a mountain front within the Plio-Quaternary deposits belonging to the sedimentary fill of the Guadix-Baza Basin (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain). This 30 km-long front, developed in soft sediments and within a context of high erosion, is generated by the recent activity of the Baza Normal Fault. The mountain front is the natural limit between the western and eastern sectors, corresponding to the two sub-basins of Guadix and Baza. The two main glacis described in previous works in the area of the Baza Fault – the Old Glacis in the Guadix Sub-basin and the Recent Glacis in the Baza Sub-basin – are interpreted here as a single one, displaced by the fault. Using this Glacis as a marker we deduced that its age and the transition of the basin from endorheic to exorheic must be much older than previous estimations. The Baza Fault may be considered as one of the most active faults of the central part of the Betic Cordillera, according to the results of the general quantitative analysis of the mountain front relief using the Smf/Vf ratio and the SL index. 相似文献
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S. Wolf I. Manighetti M. Campillo I. R. Ionescu 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(2):677-691
We seek to understand how the stress interactions and the slip-weakening process combine within a non-coplanar, normal fault network to allow a slip instability to develop, and shape the final slip distribution on the system. In a first part, we perform a non-linear spectral analysis to investigate the conditions of stability and the process of slip initiation in an antiplane non-coplanar fault system subject to a slip-dependent friction law. That numerical model allows determining the zones that are able to slip within a fault network, as well as the location of the stress singularities. The resulting slip profiles on the faults show only a few different shapes, some of them with long, linear sections. This leads to formulate a general classification of slip profiles that can be used to infer the degree of fault interaction within any non-coplanar system. In a second part of work, we use our modelling to try reproducing the cumulative slip profiles measured on three real normal interacting faults forming a large-scale en echelon system. For that, we assume that cumulative slip profiles can be compared to the first static modal solution of our conceptual model. We succeed reproducing the profiles quite well using a variable weakening along the faults. Overall, the weakening rate decreases in the direction of propagation of the fault system. Yet, modelling the slip along the propagating, isolated termination segment of the system requires an unlikely distribution of weakening. This suggests that factors not considered in our analysis may contribute to slip profile shaping on isolated, propagating faults. 相似文献
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Gonghua Song Maomao Wang Danqi Jiang Zhuxin Chen Bing Yan Wang Feng 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):210-226
Along‐strike structural linkage and interaction between faults is common in various compressional settings worldwide. Understanding the kinematic history of fault interaction processes can provide important constraints on the geometry and evolution of the lateral growth of segmented faults in the fold‐and‐thrust belts, which are important to seismic hazard assessment and hydrocarbon trap development. In this study, we study lateral structural geometry (fault displacement and horizon shortening) of thrust fault linkages and interactions along the Qiongxi anticline in the western Sichuan foreland basin, China, using a high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection dataset. Seismic interpretation suggests that the Qiongxi anticline can be related to three west‐dipping, hard‐linked thrust fault segments that sole onto a regional shallow detachment. Results reveal that the lateral linkage of fault segments limited their development, affecting the along‐strike fault displacement distributions. A deficit between shortening and displacement is observed to increase in linkage zones where complex structural processes occur, such as fault surface bifurcation and secondary faulting, demonstrating the effect of fault linkage process on structural deformation within a thrust array. The distribution of the geometrical characteristics shows that thrust fault development in the area can be described by both the isolated fault model and the coherent fault model. Our measurements show that new fault surfaces bifurcate from the main thrust ramp, which influences both strain distribution in the relay zone and along‐strike fault slip distribution. This work fully describes the geometric and kinematic characteristics of lateral thrust fault linkage, and may provide insights into seismic interpretation strategies in other complex fault transfer zones. 相似文献
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The magnitude and frequency of normal-fault palaeoearthquakes are usually determined by trenching studies that ascertain the size and number of colluvial wedges along the fault. Such information can be invaluable in predicting the seismic hazard and potential for a future earthquake in that region. Digging trenches across normal faults, however, is environmentally intrusive, expensive and limited in the penetration depth. To overcome these problems we propose the use of 3-D seismic tomography as a means to identify the shapes and sizes of colluvial wedges along normal faults. As an example,2-D and 3-D seismic surveys were conducted across the Oquirrh fault, Utah with the purpose of imaging the normal-fault structure to a depth of about 10 m. Results show that the 3-D tomogram clearly delineates the fault zone and a colluvial wedge, both of which correlate extremely well with the geological cross-section interpreted from an adjacent trench. The thickness of the colluvial wedge image is used in conjunction with a seismic section to compute an estimate of a 6.8 moment magnitude earthquake for the most recent event on this fault, which is in close agreement with the 7.0 estimate based on a nearby trenching study. These tomographic results demonstrate, for the first time, that seismic imaging methods can be used in some cases to estimate unambiguously the shapes of colluvial wedges and the sizes of prehistoric earthquakes. Thus, seismic tomography has the possibility of providing cheaper, deeper and wider, but less resolved, images of fault systems than the intrusive excavation of trenches across faults. 相似文献
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活动断层的位置分布及其地表变形变位特征的准确识别是研究和评价活动断层的基础,国内外学者利用数字高程模型(DEM)对断层提取进行了大量研究。本文基于DEM的活动断层位置的提取方法进行综述,总结了DEM提取断层位置的地貌形态特征分析、图像处理以及综合处理提取方法,突出介绍了高分辨率DEM在详细的断层位置分布提取中的优势,DEM在断层地表变形变位及其特征参数提取研究中的最新应用进展。随着高分辨率DEM的快速发展,DEM及其空间分析技术已成为一种常见的地学研究方法,将其与野外调查、遥感、测年等技术结合进行综合分析,能够促进对活动断层的深入研究,并成为断层定量化研究强有力的技术手段。 相似文献