基于3S的湿地景观格局动态变化研究——以银川平原为例

文章应用1991年的TM图像和2006年的ETM图像,将研究区湿地类型分为自然湿地(包括河流湿地、湖泊湿地、灌丛湿地)和人工湿地(包括水塘、输水渠、水产池塘),提取研究区两个时期的湿地景观,并应用斑块数量、斑块面积、破碎度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和分维数指数分析了研究区的湿地景观变化情况。结果表明:从1991年到2006年,银川平原的湿地斑块数量和面积减小幅度很大,在研究时段内银川平原自然湿地的面积均大于人工湿地,但是自然湿地占有比例下降,人工湿地比例上升。从景观格局来看,1991年到2006年间,银川平原湿地景观的破碎度和优势度指数降低,多样性指数和分维数指数略有增加。     

西北内陆干旱区河流绿色走廊湿地景观格局变化及其生态效应研究——以车尔臣河下游为例

应用"3S"技术,通过选取景观的多样性、优势度、破碎度和斑块形状等空间格局指数对车尔臣河下游绿色走廊1975~2007年近32 a间湿地景观格局变化进行研究,并对景观格局变化产生的生态效应进行了分析.结果表明:1975~2000年,湿地面积与斑块数量小幅度增大;2000~2007年,湿地面积与斑块数量大幅度减小,斑块平均面积与斑块密度持续减小,斑块形状趋于复杂,景观格局的多样性减小,优势度与破碎化程度增大.在各湿地类型中,河流湿地面积变化幅度较小,湖泊湿地面积大幅度增大,沼泽湿地面积大幅度减小.     

基于GIS和RS的郑州黄河湿地生态健康评价

基于遥感影像数据、基础地理数据和湿地监测数据,以郑州黄河湿地为研究区,选取归一化植被指数、景观多样性指数、景观形状指数、斑块密度指数、聚合度指数、平均弹性度、水体面积等7个评价指标,建立生态系统健康评价模型,对其健康状况进行评价。结果表明,郑州黄河湿地生态健康状况中等,湿地格局基本完整并具有一定的恢复能力。     

基于地理国情普查成果的农田景观格局分析——以辽宁省某县为例

随着RS技术和GIS技术的发展,景观格局分析的方法也越发完备,应用该方法来分析城市、森林、农田以及湿地等景观格局已经成为了取得了广泛应用。本文主要以我国第一次地理国情普查数据成果为依托,以辽宁省某农业大县作为研究区域,通过对研究区域的土地进行重分类来获取研究区的土地利用状况,然后计算研究区的相关景观格局指数,来实现对研究区域景观格局的定量分析。     

小兴安岭湿地景观格局模拟及动态演变分析

针对小兴安岭湿地生态功能退化,急须对其景观格局动态演变特征进行分析,该文提出 了耦合人工神经网络、元胞自动机和马尔科夫链构建模型来预测小兴安岭湿地未来景观格局的方法;通过转移矩阵、景观格局指数分析小兴安岭湿地1995-2025年景观格局动态演变特征.结果表明:所构建模型耦合了马尔科夫链数量预测与元胞自动机空间预测的优势,能够较大限度地克服元胞自动机模型主观赋权的影响,有效地提高了预测模型的精度;1995-2025年,小兴安岭地区湿地面积呈波动式变化,1995-2005年湿地面积急剧减少,2005年后缓慢增加,至2025年趋于平稳;小兴安岭湿地景观格局总体趋于破碎化,景观异质性增加,2005年达到最大值,2015年后各景观类型比例基本稳定.研究结果为小兴安岭湿地生态功能修复提供有力的技术支撑.     

1997—2017年盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区景观格局时空演变分析

为定量揭示江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区景观格局时空演变及与人类活动关系,本文基于1997、2000、2011和2017年4期Landsat遥感影像数据,利用景观格局指数、景观动态变化模型以及人类活动强度指数等方法,分析近20年来江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区景观格局变化情况.结果表明:1)1997—2017年间,研究区景观结构变化主要表现为互花米草沼泽和芦苇沼泽面积不断扩张;景观演替主要表现为碱蓬沼泽转变为芦苇沼泽和互花米草沼泽;2)景观多样性指数和景观均匀度呈下降趋势,景观破碎化程度有所改善;3)人类活动强度指数呈现出先缓慢增加后急剧下降的趋势,人类活动强度与景观演替受到的干扰呈正相关.本研究可为进一步研究江苏盐城滨海湿地景观格局以及人类活动对其影响提供参考.     

三十年来西辽河流域湿地景观格局演变分析

为了研究近30年内西辽河流域湿地景观格局变化特征,本文基于1985年TM数据、2000年ETM数据和2015年OLI数据,利用景观格局软件Fragstats4.2,选取了8个景观格局指标,进而分析30年来西辽河湿地景观格局变化情况,结果表明:1)各湿地类型总斑块数和斑块密度呈下降趋势,湿地逐渐转化为建设用地和非建设用地,湿地主导类型变为人工湿地; 2)研究区湿地破碎化虽然有所减弱,但景观格局变化依然明显; 3)湿地大面积减少,湿地多样性大大降低,空间连通性较优,景观类型趋于单一化。     

基于卫星遥感的城市绿地景观格局变化研究进展

城市绿地景观是城市景观自然要素和社会经济可持续发展的生态基础,在城市景观结构、功能及其变化中起重要作用。利用卫星遥感技术开展城市绿地格局研究已成为热点。本文通过梳理相关研究成果,阐述了城市绿地景观遥感分类方法、景观格局指数的选择及城市绿地景观格局动态变化驱动力分析的具体内容,分析出基于遥感技术的城市绿地景观格局研究在数据源和景观格局指数选择时所存在的不足,并且从遥感数据源、分类方法、景观指数筛选和多学科、多角度交叉综合的研究方法等方面对城市绿地景观格局分析提出展望。     

湿地景观格局与生态安全遥感监测分析——以江苏滨海湿地为例

基于景观生态学原理及遥感、地理信息系统技术,分析了1992—2009年江苏滨海湿地景观格局动态变化。结合"压力-状态-响应"模型、层次分析法及Delphi法,评价了湿地生态安全及其变化趋势。结果表明,1992—2009年间,研究区自然景观总面积显著减少,人工景观面积持续增加,大量湿地自然景观转为人工景观;景观破碎化程度逐渐加强,景观平均分维数呈递减趋势,受人类干扰程度不断加剧;Shannon多样性指数逐步增加,表明随着自然景观向人工景观转移,湿地景观类型丰富度在增加。湿地生态系统在3个时相均处于临界安全状态,病态和不安全等级的总比例逐年增加。     

珠海市湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力分析

湿地生态系统是全球三大生态系统之一,为地球上20％的已知物种提供了生存环境,享有"地球之肾"的美誉.然而,在城市快速发展的时代背景下,湿地生态系统遭遇了重大威胁.以珠海市生态系统为研究对象,基于2016-2019年10 m分辨率的Sentinel-2遥感影像,解译得到珠海市湿地景观空间分布格局;再利用ArcGIS空间分析方法和Fragstats计算其景观格局指数,并分析了珠海市湿地景观格局变化及其驱动因素.结果表明:①水库、坑塘是珠海市湿地景观中的优势景观地类,其中坑塘、湖泊、沼泽湿地的破碎度在加剧,空间连通性较差,河流、红树林地的聚集度相对较好;②2016-2019年珠海市湿地面积逐年减少,减少总量达到1656.66 hm2,其中面积减少最多的为坑塘水面和沼泽湿地,面积增加最多的为红树林地湿地;③坑塘、沼泽湿地的减少主要转移为非湿地,而非湿地转移为湿地的现象相对较少;④导致珠海市湿地景观减少的主要因素是经济的飞速发展,人口扩张和渔业发展也给湿地带来了威胁.     

An analysis of changes in the urban landscape composition and configuration in the Sancaktepe District of Istanbul Metropolitan City,Turkey using landscape metrics and satellite data

Changes in landscape composition and configuration patterns of Sancaktepe Municipal District in the Asian side of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey were analysed using landscape metrics. Class-level and landscape-level metrics were calculated from the land cover/land use data using Patch Analyst, an extension in the Arc View GIS. The land cover/land use data were derived from classified satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper of 2002 and 2009 for Sancaktepe District. There was evidence of increase in agglomeration process of built-up patches as indicated by the increases in mean patch size, decrease in total edge and number of patches between 2002 and 2009. The urban expansion pattern experienced overall was not fragmented but concentrated due to infilling around existing patches. Changes in Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index and Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension Index indicated that the physical shapes within built-up, forest and bareland areas were relatively complex and irregular. A conclusion is made in this study that spatial metrics are useful tools to describe the urban landscape composition and configuration in its various aspects and certain decisions whether to approve a specific development in urban planning could, for example, be based on some measures of urban growth form or pattern in terms of uniformity and irregularity, attributable to the dynamic processes of agglomeration and fragmentation of land cover/land use patches caused by urban expansion.     

Measuring the relationships between landscape aesthetics suitability and spatial patterns of urbanized lands: an informed modelling framework for developing urban growth scenarios

This study develops an informed modelling approach that follows a bottom-up planning strategy to define plausible urban growth scenarios. In this case, landscape aesthetics suitability of the area was first generated using multi-criteria evaluation method. Then, a buffer zone of 1 km was considered to extract the average values of aesthetics suitability scores surrounding urban patches with medium physical size (10–30 hectares). The averaged values were considered as the dependent variable. In the next step, landscape metrics of these urban patches, as explanatory variables, were also computed to measure compositional and configuration-based attributes of urban clusters. Bivariate associations (Pearson correlation analysis) and statistical relationships (linear regression algorithm) between landscape metrics and their associated aesthetics values were measured and modelled. According to the results, both composition and configuration values are significantly correlated to the dependent variable in which configuration-based attributes depicted a stronger explanatory power.     

基于目标分割和景观格局特征的城市土地利用分类

根据相同土地利用类型景观格局特征相似的原理,在传统遥感分类方法的基础上,结合景观生态学理论,建立了土地利用分类新方法; 应用SPOT遥感图像提取了北京市五环内的居民用地和非居民用地类型,总分类精度达到了85.9%,Kappa系数为71.1%.本研究结合学科交叉的优势,为遥感技术应用和土地利用信息提取提供了新思路.     

基于随机森林的土地利用分类与景观格局分析

基于景观格局分析方法,分别选取8个反映景观格局类型和6个反映景观水平格局指数用于探索土地利用变化状况.实验结果表明:①基于选择合适的训练样本下,对3期遥感影像采用随机森林的监督分类方法,总体精度均在94％以上,kappa系数均为90％以上;②综合来看,研究期内建设用地为优势景观类型.研究区斑块数量增加,破碎化程度有所加...     

基于细粒度人口数据的深圳公园绿地可达性评价

公园绿地是城市公共基础设施的重要组成部分,公园合理的空间布局有助于城市居民便捷和公平地享用其服务功能。根据深圳市建筑普查数据和细粒度的人口数据提取住房信息,结合公园绿地数据和土地利用情况,针对不同类型公园的服务能力分别采用合适的可达性计算方法,从住房、社区和街道三个尺度评价深圳公园绿地可达性,结果表明:社区公园可达性一般,仅57.62%的社区的居民步行500 m以内能到达最近的社区公园;城市公园可达性总体较好,95.87%的社区市民步行前往最近城市公园所需时间在20 min以内。然而,大鹏半岛无城市公园,且多为自然生态保护区,市民到达城市公园所需时间长。社区公园可达性好的区域呈带状分布于深圳南部各区,城市公园高可达性区域呈多核围绕在各区行政中心。     

A quantitative framework for analysing long term spatial clustering and vegetation fragmentation in an urban landscape using multi-temporal landsat data

Rapid urbanization threatens urban green spaces and vegetation, demonstrated by a decrease in connectivity and higher levels of fragmentation. Understanding historic spatial and temporal patterns of such fragmentation is important for habitat and biological conservation, ecosystem management and urban planning. Despite their potential value, Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) measures have not been sufficiently exploited in monitoring the spatial and temporal variability in clustering and fragmentation of vegetation patterns in urban areas. LISA statistics are an important structural measure that indicates the presence of outliers, zones of similarity (hot spots) and of dissimilarity (cold spots) at proximate locations, hence they could be used to explicitly capture spatial patterns that are clustered, dispersed or random. In this study, we applied landscape metrics, LISA indices to analyse the temporal variability in clustering and fragmentation patterns of vegetation patches in Harare metropolitan city, Zimbabwe using Landsat series data for 1994, 2001 and 2017. Analysis of landscape metrics showed an increase in the fragmentation of vegetation patches between 1994–2017 as shown by the decrease in mean patch size, an increase in number of patches, edge density and shape complexity of vegetation patches. The study further demonstrates the utility of LISA indices in identifying key hot spot and cold spots. Comparatively, the highly vegetated northern parts of the city were characterised by significantly high positive spatial autocorrelation (p < 0.05) of vegetation patches. Conversely, more dispersed vegetation patches were found in the highly and densely urbanized western, eastern and southern parts of the city. This suggest that with increasing vegetation fragmentation, small and isolated vegetation patches do not spatially cluster but are dispersed geographically. The findings of the study underline the potential of LISA measures as a valuable spatially explicit method for the assessment of spatial clustering and fragmentation of urban vegetation patterns.     

土地利用景观格局对居民就业可达性的影响——以武汉市中心城区为例

城市的制度转型和空间重构加剧了职住分离现象,降低了居民就业可达性,土地利用景观格局特征是影响居民就业可达性的因素之一。基于经济普查、人口普查数据以及2010年和2014年两期土地利用数据,对武汉市中心城区街道尺度的居民就业可达性进行分析,定量描述土地利用景观格局对居民就业可达性的影响。研究结果表明,景观格局指数中景观尺度的边缘密度、香农多样性指数和斑块类型尺度的斑块面积、斑块占景观面积比例、回旋半径、聚合度均对就业可达性有显著影响;就业类斑块特征对居民就业可达性的影响比居住类斑块更大,居住区规划应考虑周边就业岗位数量;土地利用多样性、斑块分布紧实度的提升均有助于提高居民就业可达性。     

Ecotourism planning using multiple criteria evaluation with GIS

Hong Kong as an international metropolis is well known for its vibrant urban life, which attracts millions of mass conventional tourists for shopping and business. Recently, ecotourism has flourished and attracts ecotourists who visit the ecological and cultural resources of the rural landscape, country parks and marine parks. Yan Chau Tong, also known as ‘Double Haven’, is remote from the urban centre, which helps preserve its natural flavour and cultural heritages such as Hakka walled villages. It is noted as an important site for developing ecotourist activities. A symbiosis of humans and nature cannot be achieved without a sound planning and zoning scheme. This paper investigates the use of IKONOS imagery and a geographic information system for rational planning of ecotourist activities and conservation measures. Through image classification of IKONOS and integrated with ecological data, essential habitats can be mapped and a spatial database is established. Suitable sites for recreational activities (including camping, heritage visiting, hiking and snorkelling) and important ecological habitats can both be identified using multiple criteria evaluation techniques. The use of a multiple objective land allocation model helps resolve conflict between recreation and conservation. Sites are generally identified as (a) those where conservation or recreation should receive the highest priority; (b) those that can be treated as additional recreation or conservation sites; and (c) conflict areas that can serve both purposes. The result can assist in planning land resources for ecotourism to satisfy both objectives and attain sustainability in the area.     

基于多时相遥感影像的龙岩市景观格局变化分析

基于龙岩市多时相Landsat TM/ETM+数据,应用最大似然、决策树及支持向量机分类方法对龙岩市景观类型进行分类.从3种分类方法的比较得知,支持向量机分类方法表现出较高的性能,分类精度明显高于其他的分类方法.因此选择最佳的支持向量机分类结果,并结合景观生态学方法,分析了1992-2008年龙岩市新罗区景观格局及其动态变化信息.结果表明,1992-2008年新罗区主城区农业用地大幅度降低,相应转化为建筑用地,但是却保持着良好的森林覆盖率.同时城市景观组分经历了由扩散式增长过程到粘合式集聚增长过程的转变,城市形态由不稳定形态逐步向稳定形态演化.整体上而言,城市景观呈现出破碎度变小、多样性降低和聚集度升高的发展趋势,建筑用地是龙岩市新罗区的主要景观类型.