Research on the Dynamic Change of Regional Stress Fields before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Using the digital telemetric seismic waveform data of Chengdu and Kunming, this article studies the focal mechanism solutions and the apparent stress values of a large number of small earthquakes, and then analyzes the dynamic variation of regional stress fields and the spatio-temporal distribution of apparent stress values. The annual variation values of the azimuth of average principal stress field before the May 12, 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan-Yunnan region were 58° from 2003 to 2004, 85° from 2003 to 2005,61° from 2006 to 2007 and 90° from 2006 to April 2008 respectively. In recent years, deflection or disturbances occurred in the azimuth of the average principal stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Analysis shows that this may be related to the change of stress field states of crustal blocks before and after the December 26, 2004 M_S9.0 Sumatra earthquake and the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The ratio of thrust-type earthquakes in the Sichuan-Qinghai block was on the higher side in the period from 2006 to 2007, and the source faulting type of the regional moderate and small earthquakes had changed before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The change of state of the stress field is consistent with the changes in block displacement fields revealed by GPS data and the crustal shortening velocity vertical to the Longmenshan fault zone. Based on the radiation energy calculated from all bands of the seismic waveform, the value of apparent stress σ_app is obtained. The fluctuation shape of the fitting trend of the apparent stress is related to the intensity of regional seismicity. It reveals that the micro-dynamic fluctuation process of the regional stress value is similar to the azimuth transition of the regional principal compressive stress field, which can be used to probe for pregnant physical processes. Areas with a higher value of apparent stress σ_app are possible areas of potential seismic risk. It can be seen from the spatial distribution of the medium and short-term apparent stress σ_app before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the Longmenshan fault zone is in a low stress distribution area, and the relatively high apparent stress is in the peripheral area. These images may show medium and short-term locking phenomena near the seismogenic tectonics of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. For example, changes with time of the focal parameter consistency of the sub-blocks in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, continual increase of thrust-type earthquakes in the Sichuan-Qinghai block and the appearance of spatial distribution areas of high apparent σ_app stress. The work on this aspect was continued after the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, and the results seem to be shown a clearer relationship between these phenomena and future great earthquakes.     

汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与应变场动态特征

利用中国地壳运动观测网络GPS资料, 通过获取水平相对运动、 水平应变场分布变化等, 研究了汶川8.0级地震前的区域水平运动与应变率场变化, 以及大尺度地壳运动动态特征等。 研究结果表明, 发生汶川8.0级地震的龙门山断裂带, 由于受到其西侧巴颜喀拉地块向东运动的构造动力作用, 处于缓慢的应变积累状态。 在汶川地震前龙门山断裂带相对华南地块的差异运动小于GPS观测误差。 川滇地区应变场图像显示2004-2007年面应变率负值最高区出现在汶川8.0级地震震中区及其附近, 可能反应了局部挤压增强。 GPS基准站资料反映的大尺度北东向地壳缩短的相对运动增强, 也形成了促进龙门山断裂带发生大破裂的区域构造动力增强的背景条件。     

关于汶川8.0级地震前电磁扰动异常的讨论

通过对汶川8.0级地震前四川金河台电磁扰动数据变化的研究,结果显示:①电磁扰动0.001～1 Hz在震前每天06:00～22:00出现非脉冲性高值波动变化,在12:00和18:00达到最大;1～10 Hz在2008年1～3月出现与超低频类似的高值变化,最大幅度为300 mV; 10～20Hz无明显异常.②分析了电磁扰动...     

Preliminary Research on the Characteristics of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Hazard

The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 caused heavy casualties and economic loss. According to the field investigations, the characteristics can be described as follows: The meizoseismal region with an intensity of XI shows an obviously zonal distribution and suffered serious destruction from the earthquake, and the destruction perpendicular to the earthquake surface rupture decreased sharply. At the same time, the intensity X and IX regions perpendicular to the rupture are narrow and therefore their coverage area is small. The intensity on both sides of the rupture attenuates rapidly, but intensity VII and the VI regions are wide, the latter covering about 240,000 km~2. In intensity VI region, the damage area perpendicular to the rupture in the southern part is much larger than that of the northern part. Also, much new understanding about destruction types and destructive modes for all kinds of buildings, landforms and terrain is achieved in this paper.     

The Geodynamic Mechanism of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Located on the east boundary of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake is the strongest event to hit the active block since the 2001 Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake. In this study, a simplified source model of the Wenchuan earthquake is constructed based on the deep/shallow tectonic settings and crust/mantle structure features of the Longmenshan thrust fault zone. On the basis of dynamic model abstraction, we construct a system of dynamical equations for the seismogenic process and obtain the analytical expressions of stress and strain in the seismogenic process. A preliminary study of the seismogenic process of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, based on the analytical solution of the model and observation of tectonic deformation in the Longmenshan region, indicates that the seismogenic process of the Wenchuan earthquake took place over a period of more than 3200 years. The slow process of seismogeny and the long recurrence period of strong earthquakes are attributed to the low deformation rate of the Longmenshan tectonic zone.     

汶川8.0级地震前地下流体长趋势变化特征讨论

通过对汶川M_S8.0地震震中周围地区震前地下流体长期观测资料的分析表明, 震前地下流体出现了长趋势变化, 其特征是时间早、 范围广, 具有协调性以及向未来震中迁移等特征, 形态主要为趋势转折、 破年变、 加速等, 其中大多数为趋势转折变化。 进一步对比研究地壳形变、 地下流体长趋势变化发现, 地壳形变和地下流体长趋势变化迁移特征一致, 地壳形变长趋势时间较早于地下流体长趋势变化时间, 形变出现张压变化与水位变化有比较密切的关系, 即形变大部分出现缓慢压性变化或张性减缓变化, 水位大部分出现缓慢上升或下降减缓变化。 最后讨论了地下流体长趋势变化机理。     

汶川8.0级地震前后表层水温的异常变化研究

对汶川8.0级地震震中周围800km范围内73个井孔的表层水温资料进行了分析。根据设定的异常与不确定性异常判定依据,发现有9个井孔出现了前兆异常;有5个井孔的异常不能确定是否为前兆异常;有3个井孔出现了典型非前兆异常变化;其余未出现任何异常变化。分析认为异常存在早期、中期和晚期三个阶段,表现为缓变、突变和向下的阶梯状变化。对9个异常井孔的同井水位、气氡等其它流体测项以及同台或邻近台站形变仪器(钻孔应变、钻孔倾斜、洞体应变等)在表层水温异常变化时段内的动态变化特征进行了对比,发现地壳形变与表层水温在异常的晚期阶段具有一定的相关关系;而同井水位与表层水温异常的关系不大。     

汶川Ms8.0地震及余震序列重新定位

从2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发震时刻起到2008年12月31日,四川省及其周边省区布设的区域台网、水库台网以及流动台共记录到10000余次余震序列(M≥2.0).我们采用双差定位法对主震及余震序列进行重新定位,得到7000多个地震的重新定位结果.结果表明,余震分布带长约350 km.在西南部,余震沿龙门山后山...     

汶川地震前龙门山区域地壳密度动态变化分析

利用龙门山区域重力网经平差处理和去基准点干扰、 去高程变化影响的1997—2007年11期重复重力观测数据, 借助密度的三维反演方法, 分析研究了龙门山地区地壳各深度的介质密度的动态变化特征。 结果显示: 2008年汶川8.0级地震孕育发生过程中区域密度场的整体时空分布均表现出显著特征。 从时间进程来看, 震前10年的密度变化趋势呈现阶段性变化: 密度变化平稳阶段—变化剧烈阶段(加速增加—缓慢减少)—变化缓慢减少阶段—密度变化缓慢增加阶段, 密度变化程度由强到弱, 表明大地震孕育达到了最后阶段; 从空间分布来看, 密度变化分布有分散—相对集中的趋势, 震前地下密度场具有熵值减小的现象; 密度变化剧烈的地方多发生在龙门山断裂带及其以西的川西高原上。 此外, 随深度的增加, 密度变化趋势越来越明显。 通过比较分析, 在汶川地震前密度变化对重力的影响远远超过高程变化对重力的影响。     

汶川地震前后中国大陆地磁场动态演化特征初步研究

利用我国地磁观测台网每天的子夜均值资料,运用高性能计算技术,建立了中国大陆地磁场动态演化模型.利用该模型,研究了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前后中国大陆地磁异常场动态演化.结果表明:地震前后地磁异常场变化特性较明显,具有显著的阶段性特征,这可能反映了地震不同孕育阶段的特征.