云南白秧干净多金属成矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

通过区域地质构造，矿区构造特征分析，论述了云南白秧坪多金属成矿东矿带，西矿带的主要地质构造特征及其构造控矿作用，并探讨了区域构造导矿与成矿及其对成矿带的控制作用，小型褶皱及推覆构造对矿床的控制作用，次级断裂对矿体的控制作用，构造环境下岩石的屏蔽与容矿作用和构造环境中碳质水源及其成矿作用等问题。     

辽宁东胜地区金、银、多金属剪切带矿床控矿构造特征

运用剪切带控矿理论，通过对剪切带内变形岩石的应变测量和不同惊讶的成矿构造研究，阐明了辽宁东胜地区金、银、多金属剪切带矿床的控矿构造特征，探讨了此类矿床控矿构造与矿化的关系。     

一个褶皱控矿的典型—厚婆坳银多金属矿床成矿构造浅析

广东潮州厚婆坳银多金属矿床、是一个成矿裂隙严格受褶皱控制的典型。矿区内含矿裂隙带与褶皱要素，如层面、劈理面、轴面、枢纽以及某些显微构造等，具有密切的空间展布和相同的应力与应变关系，褶皱构造地球化学控制成矿逆分带。中讨论成矿构造展布规律与找矿的指导意义。     

超大型金属矿床研究现状和某些进展

介绍了近年来超大型金属矿床理论研究现状,探讨了超大型铜、铅、锌、金和铂族等有色贵金属矿床的成矿构造背景,认为该类超大型矿床产出的主要全球构造背景为板块俯冲带和大陆裂谷,并论述了不同构造背景中超大型矿床的成因类型、矿床特征、控矿构造和矿床空间展布规律以及裂谷构造垂向分带和不同地史时期裂谷与超大型矿床的关系,对当前研究工作中一些问题进行了讨论。     

湘东金管冲铀矿床控矿构造解析

通过金管冲铀矿床成矿构造背景和矿田构造的多尺度解析，系统论述了不同尺度的构造对成矿的控制作用，结合成矿流体的物理化学性质，探讨了矿床的形成机制，以上研究反映了“构造场地准备→富铀岩体形成→成矿流体演化→成矿元素沉淀”这一动态过程。     

相山矿田铀多金属成矿条件分析

相山矿田是我国目前最大的火山岩型铀矿田.我们在铀矿勘探过程中,于相山矿田西部河元背、牛头山等矿区深部陆续发现多金属（Pb、Zn、Ag等）矿化现象,呈现出多金属矿的找矿前景.通过与银山、紫金山等多金属矿区对比分析,认为相山矿田具有良好的铀多金属成矿地质条件.文章对矿田的区域构造背景、深部地质环境、小岩体活动及控矿构造等成矿条件进行了分析,认为在相山矿田的中心部位或深部,可能存在大规模的铜铅锌银等多金属成矿作用.     

浙江武义剃刀畈萤石矿构造控矿特征与规律

浙江萤石矿严格受断裂构造控制，构造控矿特征明显，文章以武义盆地剃刀畈萤石矿区为例，重点探讨了控矿裂规模，产状及其力学性质，变形特征等萤石矿成矿的重要控制作用，揭示了相应的构造控造特征与规律。     

长江中下游多金属成矿带逆冲推覆构造的控矿作用初探

长江中下游多金属成矿带中逆冲推覆构造的控矿作用表现在两个方面：１．深部的韧性推覆拆离剪切，控制作为主导成矿要素的中生代花岗岩的形成；２．浅表的台阶式推覆构造是重要的成矿构造，其控矿具有系统性和层控性等特征。     

滇黔桂金三角金矿构造矿类型及控矿规律探讨

文章首先介绍了滇黔桂金三角地区金矿成矿构造环境，研究及总结出该区微粒浸染型金矿的四种（断裂，褶皱、环形构造，不整合面）控矿构造类型，并对构造控矿规律进行了探讨，提出构造分级控矿，控矿构造与容矿岩石组合控矿，褶皱构造与断裂联合控矿等规律，及“不整合面构造带是一种具有重大意义的成矿及控矿构造体系”的新观点新认识。     

山东胶西北金矿带成矿构造应力场反演及其控矿作用

以控矿构造因素为主线，研究了成矿构造应力场的基本特征及其控矿作用。采用有限元数值模拟法反演了成矿期构造应力状态，为宏观构造分析提供了佐证，亦为成矿预测提供了定量一半定量的实验数据，并预测了成矿远景区。     

Partition of magnesium and iron between Olivine and spinel,and between pyroxene and spinel

Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO₃ pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe²⁺ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.     

Tectonics and oil and gas potentials of the Kolyma and Primor'ye lowlands and adjacent shelves

The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, a lack of H₂O, and a sharp predominance of Fe⁺² over Fe⁺³. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies.     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订

在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。     

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for     

Resource-based industrialization and country size: Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago

There are scale advantages in resource-based industrialization (RBI). Trinidad and Tobago's small size meant that its RBI projects resulted in: relatively low revenue retention, heavy dependence on export markets, skilled personnel shortages and severe ‘Dutch disease’ effects. However Venezuela squandered its size advantage because its RBI strategy was over-ambitious. Instead of taking advantage of its ample scope for risk-reducing diversification, Venezuela concentrated largely on metals processing in a single location. Although it captured more backward linkage than Trinidad and Tobago it did so at high cost as a result of inefficient project execution. Worse, Venezuela's metals projects greatly exceeded its sizeable domestic demand, overtaxed its human resources and exacerbated existing distortions in the economy. Since poorly implemented RBI projects can overwhelm even a large developing economy, RBI is risky and should therefore only be pursued as part of a flexible, broadly-based diversification drive.     

矿物——成矿与找矿

单颗粒矿物微量元素激光原位定量分析测试数据的大量积累和研究,使矿物成为矿床地球化学研究和矿床勘查的重要示踪剂。本文重点选择磁铁矿、磷灰石、石榴子石、榍石、锆石、绿泥石和绿帘石等的原位分析研究所获得的认识,介绍单颗粒矿物成分组合及变化在矿床类型划分、成矿年龄测定、氧逸度、成矿过程与物质来源、找矿与勘探等方面的应用。不同矿床类型中普遍存在的矿物,如磁铁矿、磷灰石等的微量元素含量及组合差异,提供了矿床类型识别的标志。单颗粒矿物,特别是矿石矿物和密切共生矿物如锡石、铌钽铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴子石、方解石等的原位定年,使成矿年龄的直接准确测定成为现实。矿物中变价元素,如Fe、V、Mn、Ce、Eu含量和/或比值的变化,指示了成矿过程氧逸度及其变化特点。从矿物核部向震荡环带与边部的微量元素含量或同位素组成的变化,示踪了成矿过程中流体来源或性质的变化。斑岩和矽卡岩矿床中与成矿作用关系密切的蚀变矿物,如绿泥石、绿帘石的形成温度、特征微量元素比值,如Ti/Sr、Ti/Co、V/Ni、Mg/Sr等,与距矿床中心距离呈线性函数关系,可定量预测距矿床中心的距离,使以绿泥石、绿帘石为代表的找矿指示矿物研究迅速发展。