地下水流模拟中的强隐式法

大家知道,无论是用有限差分法还是用有限单元法来离散水流方程,其结果均归结为解矩阵方程问题。对于线性流动问题,如果所得矩阵方程是低阶的,且系数阵的性质较好,则直接解法是有效的方法。但是在实际水文地质计算工作中,例如在进行水资源评价、矿床疏干计算时,涉及的问题通常相当复杂,为了逼近实际情况,保证计算精度,需要用迭代法解高阶矩阵方程。强隐式法就是一种十分接近于直接解法的迭代方法。      

边界元法及其在物探工作中的应用

边界元法在数值解法中利用拉普拉斯方程的基本解和格林公式,简单易行,可以解决物性参数分区均匀的一类正演问题(电法和重、磁法勘探问题),也可计算向上延拓.特别是将它与有限元法结合,解决复杂边值问题,可取得较理想的效果. 边界元法的基本计算方法有直接法和间接法两种. 边界元法的直接法现以磁法勘探正问题为例来说明. 解磁法正问题可归结为在求解区域Ω上解拉普拉斯方程的边值问题,并可用边界元法求解,     

时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟探地雷达极化测量

由于探地雷达偶极天线具有电磁极化特性,其发射天线主要发射沿着天线长轴方向的线性极化波,而接收天线对这种极化方向的电磁波也最灵敏。因此,在对混凝土中钢筋、电缆等目标体进行检测时,利用天线的极化特性可以了解目标体的延伸。时域有限差分法是麦克斯韦方程的直接时域法,其计算简单、直观、灵活性强、计算精度高、动态范围大。利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对地质雷达极化测量进行了正演模拟,取得了很好的效果。     

时域有限差分法在地质雷达正演模拟中的应用

时域有限差分法是麦氏方程的差分形式的数值解法,用于求解任意复杂目标与电磁场的相互作用问题。本文把这一理论应用于地质雷达的数值模拟,得到满意的结果。     

水气二相流方程的一种离散数值解法

提出了水气二相流方程的一种数值解法.在利用有限元方法求解水气二相流方程时,引入了离散Newton迭代方法,用于非线性有限元方程组的线性化处理,将这一步计算的收敛阶由原有研究的线性收敛提高到平方收敛,并避免了直接应用Newton迭代方法给编程带来的不便.同时在求解两相的有限元方程组时,采用两相方程组并行迭代的方法,与联立计算相比节省了大量的内存空间.     

地下水管理模型中响应函数解法探讨

响应矩阵法所形成的约束条件矩阵较嵌入法要小的多,加之直接实现管理决策目标,是管理模型建立及求解的有效方法。重点单值法对奇点的处理和时域上拉普拉斯变换解法,使边界元法较其他数值法更适于求解响应函数。      

解地下水渗流问题的有限差分法(二)

五、隐式差分方程的叠代解法 用隐式差分格式解地下水非稳定流问题时,每个时段都要解代数方程组。当含水层导水系数不随水位变化,或变化小到可以忽略不计时,方程是线性的。线性代数方程组的解法虽很多,但都可以归结为两类:直接解法及叠代解法。传统的直接解法工作量随结点数的增多而上升得很快,所以只适用于规模较小的问题。叠代方法也有很多种,对规则网格来说现在有     

滑坡稳定分析传递系数法若干问题探讨

滑坡稳定性分析传递系数法有隐式和显式两种解法。当前对这两种解法的认识在稳定系数定义、满足的静力平衡方程类型、稳定系数计算公式表达方式、稳定系数大小关系和稳定系数计算误差等方面存在着不清楚或不一致之处。本文对此逐一进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了传递系数法解法选择的建议。     

梯级水库优化调度的有后效性动态规划模型及应用

建立了梯级水库在洪水期间发电调度的优化模型,由于含有河道洪水演进方程,该模型成为一类有后效性的动态规划模型.提出了两种新的解法——多维动态规划近似解法与有后效性动态规划逐次逼近算法.实例研究表明:这两种解法可行,结果合理,特别是逐次逼近算法计算更快速,是求解这类问题的有效的方法.     

起伏地形下地面瞬变电磁法三维正演数值模拟研究

瞬变电磁法在地形条件复杂的地区应用时,勘探效果往往不理想,究其原因,主要是忽略地形因素影响致使解释结果偏差较大。笔者采用三维时域有限差分法模拟起伏地形下瞬变电磁响应,通过麦克斯韦方程直接导出瞬变电磁扩散方程,引入虚拟位移电流项构建时域有限差分方程。首先,针对均匀半空间模型的计算结果与解析解进行对比,检验本文算法精度;然后,模拟分析了山峰、沟谷模型的地形响应特征,得出早期信号表现为两种特征,沟谷地形,早期"前段"较正常地形感应电动势值减弱,导致"假高阻异常",早期"后段"较正常地形感应电动势值值增强,导致"假低阻异常",山峰地形特征恰好相反,至晚期地形影响呈逐渐减弱的趋势;最后,通过实测数据证实正演模拟结果的正确性。研究结果对地形效应识别及校正工作具有较好的参考意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861