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天山地质构造及演化史 总被引:71,自引:17,他引:71
天山横跨中苏两国.在我国境内,呈东西方向延展,长逾2000公里.本文研究的范围是中国天山部分.它包括准噶尔盆地以南、塔里木盆地以北的我国境内整个天山山系.以往,按照地质构造学的观点,一般是将柯坪塔格和库鲁克塔格划入塔里木地台,而其它诸山脉则归于天山地槽褶皱系. 相似文献
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天山北麓中段拗陷带地下水库的特征及其开发利用建议 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文在对天山北麓中段山前拗陷带地下水库的各项特征进行总结的基础上,将天山北麓中段山前拗陷带划分为5个巨型地下水库,它们具有储存量大、补给条件好、调蓄能力强、供水保证程度高、水质优良等诸多优点。进而提出了地下水库勘察评价、开发与保护的4点建议:①尽快开展天山北麓构造洼地巨型地下水库天然和人工调蓄能力的勘察评价,为水资源合理利用提供科学依据;②山前构造洼地巨型地下水库是首选饮水水源和重要的工业供水基地;③优化渠系利用方式,实现地表水与地下水联合利用;④实施地下水保护战略,确保人民群众饮水长治久安。 相似文献
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Glaciers, formed by snowfall and characterized by movement and size, are the most sensitive indicators to climate change.
The ice formation of glaciers (the processes, mechanisms and results of transformation from snow to ice) can indicate the
growth condition, the formation process and the physical characteristics of glaciers. Its spatial variation can also reflect
glacier change, and further reveal climate change. Studies on ice formation of glaciers in China were initiated in 1962, when
Xie and others studied the ice formation of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Other researchersfollowed
suit and did studies on ice formation of glaciers in Qilian Mountain. As time goes by, the concept of ice formation came into
being in China. This paper reviews the development history of glacier zones, and the studies of ice formation of glaciers
in China since the 1960s. These studies mainly focus on Qilian Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Altay Mountain, and the western
Kunlun Mountain, Himalaya Mountain, the southeastern Tibetan and Hengduan Mountains. The paper also discusses the significance
of ice formation studies, the limitation and deficiency of previous studies, and the prospects and suggestions for future
studies.
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Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(4): 386–395 [译自: 地球科学进展] 相似文献
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西天山伊犁地区广泛出露的大哈拉军山组火山-沉积岩系,是研究西天山早石炭世古地理格局和天山古生代造山作用演化过程最为直接的载体。文章对西天山乌孙山地区大哈拉军山组砂岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年。结果显示,其碎屑锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄分布范围较宽((321±2)~(435±2)Ma),按年龄及频率分布特征大致可以划分为2组:321~372 Ma和395~435 Ma。结合锆石的矿物学特征、CL图像特点及乌孙山区域地质资料,初步获得以下认识:(1)西天山乌孙山地区大哈拉军山组沉积时代不晚于早石炭世晚期;(2)所研究砂岩的碎屑物质主要来源于乌孙山及南部那拉提山相关的火山岩浆岩;(3)西天山造山带在中—晚泥盆世期间经历了一次重要的洋陆转换事件。早石炭世以后,进入后碰撞裂谷伸展演化阶段,因此大哈拉军山组火山-沉积岩系形成后碰撞伸展构造环境。 相似文献
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该区枯水径流分析和预测可用自回归模型进行。从自相关系数及枯水径流形成的条件,可将该区分为五个类型区。在自相关系数高、多年变化小的地区应用灰色残差模型预测枯水径流量能保证一定精度而又较简便。 相似文献
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在对东天山特殊景观地球化学条件研究的基础上,采用特定粒级(2~10 mm)、多点采样(采样点距内等距离等量筛取5处残积岩屑)的方法,开展了两个图幅的1∶5万岩屑地球化学普查,相继在C3,J2-4、J5异常内发现了铜、金、银等地表矿(化)体,显示出该方法在东天山戈壁荒漠特殊景观区普查找矿中具有较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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为了揭示长约2500 km的天山山脉中新生代隆升特征,本文系统梳理分析了已发表的磷灰石裂变径迹数据和本次野外采样测得磷灰石裂变径迹数据约460个,岩性以花岗岩和砂岩为主。结果显示整个天山山脉隆升具有明显的时空差异性。白垩纪以前记录的径迹数据约占14%,白垩纪以来的数据约占86%,晚古生代末天山已有径迹年龄记录,到晚侏罗世天山部分地区发生隆升,整体隆升不明显,早白垩世以来整个天山普遍隆升,且存在多期隆升事件,但隆升剥蚀速率存在明显差异。南北方向上,自南向北径迹年龄有减小的趋势,揭示山脉隆升自南天山向北天山扩展;东西方向上,西天山隆升时限较东天山隆升早,但白垩纪以来东、西天山均有隆升记录。天山山脉差异性隆升是不同陆块对亚洲板块南缘碰撞增生作用的共同结果,其内部块体的结构特征和力学性质是差异隆升的基础和前提。 相似文献
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南天山托云盆地晚白垩世——早第三纪玄武岩的地球化学特征 … 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
托云盆地晚白垩世--早第三纪碱性橄榄玄武岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成表明,本区玄武岩以低Sr、Pb和相对高的Nd同位素值(^87Sr/^86Sr为0.703554 ̄0.703884;^143Nd/^144Nd为0.512838 ̄0.512904;^206Pb/^204Pb为18.0063 ̄18.4720;^207Pb/^204Pb为15.4411 ̄15.5060;^208Pb/^204Pb为37. 相似文献
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Evaluation of heterogeneity and field-scale groundwater flow regime in a leaky till aquitard 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Recent work in southern Ontario, Canada, demonstrates anomalously high vertical groundwater flow velocities (>1 m/year) through
a thick (as much as 60 m), sandy silt till aquitard (Northern till), previously assumed to be of very low permeability (hydraulic
conductivity <10–10 m/s). Rapid recharge is attributed to the presence of fractures and sedimentary heterogeneities within the till, but the
field-scale flow regime is poorly understood. This study identifies the nature of physical groundwater pathways through the
till and provides estimates of the associated groundwater fluxes. The aquitard groundwater flow system is characterized by
integrating details of the outcrop and subsurface sedimentary characteristics of the till with field-based hydrogeologic investigation
and numerical modeling. Outcrop and subsurface data identify a composite internal aquitard stratigraphy consisting of tabular
till beds (till elements) separated by laterally continuous sheet-like sands and gravels (interbeds) and boulder pavements. Individual till elements
contain sedimentary heterogeneities, including discontinuous sand and gravel lenses, vertical sand dikes, and zones of horizontal
and vertical fractures.
Hydrogeologic field investigations indicate a three-layer aquitard flow system, consisting of upper and lower zones of more
hydraulically active and heterogeneous till separated by a middle unit of relatively lower hydraulic conductivity. Groundwater
pathways and fluxes in the till were evaluated using a two-dimensional aquitard/aquifer flow model which indicates a step-wise
flow mechanism whereby groundwater moves alternately downward along vertical pathways (fractures, sedimentary dikes) and laterally
along horizontal sand interbeds within the till. This model is consistent with observed hydraulic-head and isotope profiles,
and the presence of tritiated pore waters at various depths throughout the till. Simulations suggest that a bulk aquitard
vertical hydraulic conductivity on the order of 1×10–9 m/s is required to reproduce observed hydraulic-head and tritium profiles.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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