儿童新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株感染的胸部CT影像特点

目的：探讨儿童新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株感染的胸部CT影像特点。方法：回顾性分析2022年12月10日至2022年12月31日深圳市儿童医院77例核酸检测或抗原检测确诊为COVID-19患者的胸部CT表现，男51例，女26例。其中CT表现阳性50例，年龄1月～14岁，平均5.5岁，中位年龄3.9岁，婴幼儿组（≤3岁）21例，学龄前组（3～7岁）14例，学龄组（≥7岁）15例。由两名放射科医师独立识别肺内病灶位置、肺内病灶CT表现、肺部伴随CT表现、病灶累及范围及影像分期。结果：肺部CT表现阳性50例（64.9%）；病变好发于两肺下叶、胸膜下，近肺门区病变最少，病变数量单发、多发、弥漫分布均有，以弥漫分布最为多见。磨玻璃结节16例（32%），实性结节20例（40%），片状实变24例（48%），片状磨玻璃30例（60%），实变和磨玻璃20例（40%），片状磨玻璃最多见；铺路石样改变4例（8%），小叶间隔增厚12例（24%），树雾征12例（24%），血管增粗13例（26%），胸膜平行征7例（14%），反晕征6例（12%），充气支气管征17例（34%），均无空洞表现；胸腔积液5例（10%），胸膜...     

肺淋巴瘤样肉芽肿的CT影像表现

目的:探讨肺淋巴瘤样肉芽肿(LYG)的CT影像表现。方法:回顾性分析8例肺部LYG病例的CT影像表现,男性3例,女性5例,平均年龄42岁,其中5例含增强扫描。结果:病理结果2例为1级,4例为2级,2例为3级;6例多发,其中1例为多发结节,4例以多发结节或肿块为主,伴有不同程度斑片影,1例为斑片影为主伴多发小结节;2例表现为单发结节或肿块;3例下肺分布为主,3例上肺分布为主,2例上下肺都有分布,6例多发结节均沿着支气管血管束分布,其中5例有胸膜下病灶分布。8例病灶结节或肿块边缘粗糙,周围均有晕征;4例平扫可见病灶中央较外周密度稍低;3例可见到空气支气管征;1例病灶内见小空洞;5例行增强扫描病例均可见病灶边缘强化,中心平均强化值13.2Hu。5例伴纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论:沿支气管血管束分布的多发结节或肿块,伴周围晕征以及边缘环形强化为肺部LYG的常见表现。      

数字床旁胸部摄影和胸部CT扫描在重症新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的价值探讨

目的：探讨数字床旁胸部摄影（简称床旁胸片）与胸部CT扫描在重症新型冠状病毒肺炎中的影像学表现和临床诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性调取分析2022年12月10日至2023年1月10日首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院确诊收治的43例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的影像学与临床资料；依据实验室诊断和临床划分新冠肺炎的标准，多学科专家联合诊断，入组43例患者均为重症新型冠状病毒肺炎感染患者；43例患者均进行床旁胸片摄影，其中6例患者在症状相对平缓的前提下进行胸部CT扫描；床旁胸片复查时间间隔1～5 d，复查次数1～4次；胸部CT扫描复查时间间隔1～4 d，复查次数2次；观察分析受检者胸片和胸部CT扫描的影像学图像表现。结果：43例重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者首次床旁胸片示双肺斑片状实变影并累计两个肺野以上者25例，双肺胸腔积液6例，单侧肺部渗出实变影18例，单侧胸腔积液4例，心外形增大合并肺水肿7例，疑似肺内肿瘤团块影2例；6例接受胸部CT扫描患者双肺多发磨玻璃影6例，斑片影，网格状影，叶间隔增厚，病变区域内可见肺血管及亚支气管增粗；复查床旁胸片双肺斑片密度增高影面积扩大5例，新增胸腔积液2例；复查胸部CT扫...     

SARS胸部X线平片与CT影像分析

目的探讨SARS的X线影像诊断学特点.材料与方法对39例临床确诊为SARS患者的胸部X线影像及部分CT图像进行分析. 结果发现SARS的胸部X线影像表现为病变呈片状、条片状或磨玻璃样改变,病灶变化快,动态观察可呈游走性,而CT表现为磨玻璃样密度影像及肺实变影像等特点.结论 SARS患者X线胸片影像、CT影像表现需结合流行病史、临床、实验室检查和X线影像学检查进行综合判断.     

空洞性肺结核的CT诊断

目的：分析空洞性肺结核的ＣＴ表现和特征,探讨ＣＴ诊断该病的可靠性。材料与方法：２１例空洞性肺结构病人均做胸部ＣＴ和胸片检查,分析ＣＴ所见并与病理、胸片对照,１０例经组织病理学证实。１１例痰检和临床证实。结果：（１）肺上叶尖后段及下叶背段为空洞性肺结核的好发部位;（２）空洞呈圆形或椭圆形,空洞外壁较光整,空洞壁常有钙化;（３）空洞所属支气管壁不规则增厚;（４）临近空洞胸膜局限性增厚;（５）空洞以外肺     

临床普通型的新型冠状病毒肺炎CT征象分析

目的:探讨临床普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎的CT表现。方法:收集22例符合新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)临床普通型诊断标准的患者,均于确诊前行肺部CT检查,评估肺内病变的CT征象并记录例数,基于有无磨玻璃样病变(GGO)有无实变、病变数量(单发和多发)的病例数分别列表,基于肺内病变区域(胸膜下区和非胸膜下区)将有无GGO、有无实变的病例数分别列表,采用χ2检验行统计学分析。结果:男性7例,女性15例,单发病灶8例,多发病灶14例。19例(86.4%)出现GGO,15例(68.2%)出现实变,3例(13.6%)出现纤维化改变。铺路石征1例,支气管壁稍增厚2例,小支气管充气征4例,晕结节征1例。21例(95.5%)出现肺胸膜下区病灶,6例(27.3%)出现非胸膜下区病灶。14例多发者均双肺受累,累及右肺上叶11例(50.0%)、右肺中叶7例(31.8%)、右肺下叶15例(68.2%)、左肺上叶15例(68.2%)、左肺下叶10例(45.5%)。肺受累程度Ⅰ级者19例(86.4%)、Ⅱ级者2例(9.1%)、Ⅲ级者1例(4.5%)。左侧少量胸腔积液1例。有无GGO两组之间单发和多发者存在统计学差异(P=0.036),肺的胸膜下区和非胸膜下区两组之间有无GGO及有无实变者均存在统计学差异(P<0.001,P=0.010)。结论:普通型新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎CT征象具有多样性,但仍有一些特征,有助于快速识别。      

SARS的X线平片与CT表现

本文回顾分析14例SARS患者的X线胸片和CT表现，结果显示SARS的X线和CT表现主要是单侧或双侧肺野的磨玻璃洋改变以及实变影，住院患者中这些异常影像学表现变化比较快。     

肺MALT淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的CT表现，以提高诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析7例经病理学证实的肺MALT淋巴瘤的CT及临床资料。结果:7例中多发病灶4例，单发病灶3例；肺炎实变型5例，结节肿块型2例。CT平扫5例肺炎实变型均表现为肺内条、片样肺实变，内见“支气管充气征”，1例见多发边界较清楚的斑片磨玻璃密度结节影；2例结节肿块型表现为肺内单发密度较均匀、边界较清晰的肿块，最大直径分别约32mm及38mm，1例见“支气管充气征”。增强7例肿瘤均呈轻-中度均匀强化，5例见“血管漂浮征”；1例纵隔多发淋巴结肿大，2例少量胸腔积液，2例胸膜局部增厚。结论:肺MALT淋巴瘤多数表现为肺内多发实变样病灶，少数表现为结节、肿块样病灶，同时伴有“支气管充气征”及“血管漂浮征”，增强一般较均匀轻至中度强化，CT对其诊断具有重要的价值。      

新型冠状病毒肺炎的X线及CT表现

目的:总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019-nCoV)的X线、CT表现,为临床提供影像学诊断依据。材料与方法:收集2020年1月21日至2月25日我院发热门诊的1028例患者,均进行X线检查,其中18例核酸检测确诊为2019-nCoV,6例同日行CT检查,9例于1周内进行影像学复查。结果:18例确诊的2019-nCoV患者,4例X线表现为肺纹理增重,14例X线表现为肺内单发或多发病灶。好发部位为肺下叶,单侧肺下叶病灶9例,双肺下叶病灶3例,双下肺合并双肺上叶病灶2例。6例同日进行CT检查,1例CT正常,3例发现X线胸片未显示的小片状磨玻璃影,2例CT显示的病灶较X线片多,CT表现以双肺胸膜下分布为主,可伴空气支气管征且小叶间隔增厚。6例患者1周内复查X线片,3例复查CT,其中1例CT显示磨玻璃影吸收,8例显示病变进展,范围较前增大和病灶增多,以双下肺外带为著。结论:新冠肺炎胸部X线及CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史和实验室检查可作出明确诊断。      

糖尿病合并肺结核的CT诊断(附22例报告)

目的:提高对糖尿病合并肺结核在CT影像表现的认识。方法:搜集我院临床资料较为完整的糖尿病合并肺结核22例,详细分析其CT表现。结果:22例糖尿病合并肺结核的CT表现有:①病灶呈多肺段小叶融合影或大片状影(86.4%);②粟粒型肺结核(13.6%);③病灶呈多肺段分布(77.3%);④可发生一般结核少见部位(27.3%);⑤可见空洞(72.7%);⑥伴有胸腔积液(13.6%)、纤维条索或钙化灶(即卫星病灶)和结节影(27.2%)以及纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大(13.6%)。经治疗大部分病例(63.6%)肺部病变逐渐吸收好转,部分病例(27.3%)未见明显吸收或出现进展,部分病例(9.1%)可出现反复。结论:据糖尿病合并肺结核由CT表现结合临床可做诊断。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.