赣东北蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境——樟树墩辉长岩锆石U_Pb年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学约束

赣东北蛇绿岩是华南最重要的前寒武纪蛇绿岩之一,本文对其中的樟树墩辉长岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb测年结果显示樟树墩辉长岩结晶年龄为1 061±44 Ma,代表了洋盆扩张的年龄,也即赣东北蛇绿岩的形成年龄。单颗粒锆石原位Hf同位素分析得到樟树墩辉长岩εHf(t)=6.22~9.94,平均值为8.10,略低于结晶时亏损地幔值;单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1.21~1.41 Ga,平均为1.28Ga,明显大于成岩年龄1 061 Ma。地球化学及锆石Hf同位素结果显示赣东北蛇绿岩地幔具有E-MORB的特点,表明这些辉长岩起源于未发生大规模熔融的初始地幔,推测赣东北蛇绿岩可能形成于古洋盆初始裂解阶段的洋脊环境,赣东北蛇绿岩为MOR型蛇绿岩。     

准噶尔盆地钻井岩心火山碎屑岩锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素及Hf同位素研究

采用LA-ICP-MS手段,对准噶尔盆地陆梁隆起中北部Db1井和Y1井巴塔玛依内山组火山碎屑岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb定年、微量元素以及Lu-Hf同位素分析。锆石内部结构、Th/U比值、稀土配分模式显示,所有锆石属岩浆成因。结果显示:①Db1井和Y1井锆石样品最小年龄分别为303Ma和306Ma,可代表巴塔玛依内山组的形成时代;②锆石U-Pb年龄显示有中、晚元古代的1447~1410Ma、885~559Ma的年龄记录,为准噶尔盆地中北部存在前寒武纪古老结晶基底提供了依据,以及古生代早中期536~420Ma、401~360Ma、359~303Ma的年龄记录,指示准噶尔盆地中北部前二叠纪基底经历了多阶段复杂陆壳演化过程;③锆石微量元素分析表明,盆地中北部前二叠纪基底主体属于由花岗岩、正长岩、玄武岩和辉绿岩组成的花岗岩和中基性岩侵入型活动陆壳基底;④锆石Hf同位素分析显示,锆石年龄都具有正的εHf(t)值(+4.6~+19.0),推测锆石母岩主要来源于软流圈地幔或亏损岩石圈地幔熔融作用,岩浆上升-侵位过程中混染了古老基底物质组分。     

塔什库尔干塔吐鲁沟寒武纪岩体的厘定及其地球化学特征与构造意义

为研究塔什库尔干陆块的构造-岩浆演化,对塔吐鲁沟地区原中生代花岗岩体进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学的研究。结果表明,塔吐鲁沟岩体实为以中晚寒武世侵入为主体的复式岩体,寒武纪花岗岩前三阶段锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为507.2±2.6Ma、506.9±1.6Ma和507.7±3.7Ma。里特曼指数δ为1.16~2.87,属钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,铝饱和指数A/CNK大都小于1.1(0.87~1.14),稀土总量(∑REE)为69.95×10-6~264.57×10-6,稀土配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱到中等铕负异常(δEu=0.33~0.84),Th、K、La、Ce、Nd、Tb相对富集,Nb、Ta、Ti及P、Sr亏损,为与洋壳俯冲作用有关的准铝-弱过铝质I型花岗岩。岩浆初始来源可能为上地幔和加厚玄武质下地壳部分熔融,上侵过程中遭受上地壳混染,具有高硅富碱而低镁、铁、钛的演化特征。构造环境属于大洋俯冲期和俯冲向同碰撞转换期,且形成时代与原特提斯洋456±30~698.4Ma俯冲闭合过程是吻合的,预示着寒武纪岩体是原特提斯洋俯冲的产物,塔什库尔干陆块在中晚寒武世属于洋壳俯冲火山弧环境。     

柴北缘构造带深部岩石的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及微量元素研究:对全吉地块基底演化的启示

通过LA-ICP-MS方法对柴北缘全吉地块基底的斜长角闪岩和花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及锆石微区微量元素的研究。斜长角闪岩中的岩浆锆石上交点年龄为2 396±26 Ma,代表了锆石结晶的年龄,下交点为905±140 Ma,代表了锆石发生铅丢失事件的年龄。其岩浆锆石具有U/Yb较高(0.1~1),Hf值较低(10 000×10~(-6)),U值较低(150×10~(-6))的特点,显示其岩浆源区与富集地幔密切相关。在锆石微量元素判别图解中数据主要落在陆弧区和洋岛区,指示其形成的构造环境为弧后盆地。花岗闪长岩中岩浆锆石的加权平均年龄为484±21 Ma,岩浆锆石具有U/Yb较高(1)和U值较高(平均值为640×10~(-6))的特点,显示岩浆源区为典型陆壳。锆石微量元素判别图解显示其形成于陆弧。研究结果表明,全吉地块基底除前寒武纪岩石外,还包含早古生代的岩石组合。全吉地块基底内部岩石组合与形成时代的复杂性,与全吉地块经历的多次洋壳俯冲、陆陆碰撞密切相关。     

阿尔泰造山带南缘库尔提地区寒武纪变质侵入体的发现及地质意义

在新疆富蕴县库尔提地区下元古界克木齐岩群中发现了一套变质侵入体,并对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UVPb同位素定年。根据锆石的阴极发光图像和Th、U含量等特征,锆石可分为岩浆锆石、变质锆石和捕获锆石3类。测得片麻岩的原岩岩浆~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为(496.3±6.4)Ma(MSWD=0.74),变质年龄介于444~452Ma之间。结合区域地质资料,前者可能代表了古亚洲洋向北起始俯冲的时限,后者代表同造山期变质事件时代。同时,研究中发现的捕获继承性岩浆锆石年龄为783~901Ma,暗示阿尔泰造山带存在前寒武纪基底。     

北祁连造山带东端早古生代岩浆作用过程——来自甘肃天水长沟河闪长质片麻岩锆石年龄、微量元素及Hf同位素的证据

甘肃天水地区长沟河闪长岩位于北祁连造山带东端,发育片麻状构造面理,长期以来被认为是形成于前寒武纪的侵入岩体。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得2组岩浆锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为463.3±2.3Ma(MSWD=0.52,n=11)和443.8±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.44,n=9)。锆石微量元素分析表明,2组年龄具有一致的微量元素组成,说明二者晶出于同源封闭的岩浆体系。t-Eu/Eu~*投图显示,约460Ma的岩浆锆石无Eu异常,与幔源岩浆锆石稀土元素特征一致。而约440Ma的岩浆锆石具有负Eu异常,指示母岩开始发生斜长石的结晶分离,与深熔作用过程一致。因此,约460Ma为长沟河闪长质片麻岩原岩的形成年龄,约440Ma为长沟河闪长质片麻岩深熔岩浆的结晶年龄。Hf同位素分析测试结果显示,约460Ma和约440Ma两组锆石的εHf(t)值分别为8.23～11.57和6.36～8.03,指示460Ma发育幔源新生地壳岩浆作用,而440Ma壳源再造活动增强。     

新疆南天山克孜尔河沉积物碎屑锆石U‐Pb年代学研究及其地质意义

新疆克孜尔河流经南天山造山带南缘,其河流沉积物中记录了流域内地质体的重要信息。为进一步约束南天山造山带的构造演化历史,探讨该造山带古生代地壳生长与演化,对克孜尔河沉积物中的碎屑锆石进行U‐Pb定年。结果表明锆石年龄主要集中分布在460~390 Ma和310~260 Ma,少量分布在前寒武纪,暗示南天山造山带在古生代期间发生了强烈的岩浆活动。物源分析表明克孜尔河沉积物中的碎屑锆石主要源于南天山造山带和塔里木克拉通北部,年龄为460~390 Ma的碎屑锆石很可能记录了南天山洋在晚奥陶—早泥盆世期间向南俯冲到塔里木克拉通之下的弧岩浆作用。南天山洋闭合以及塔里木克拉通与伊犁—中天山地块的最终碰撞可能发生在晚石炭世,随后发生同碰撞和后碰撞岩浆作用,以样品中大量310~260 Ma的碎屑锆石为代表。结合南天山造山带内已有的古生代岩浆岩锆石的Hf同位素数据分析表明,晚奥陶—早泥盆世南天山造山带的大陆地壳演化主要以古老地壳的再造和部分新生地幔物质的加入为主,晚石炭—早二叠世该造山带地壳演化则以前寒武纪古老基底岩石的改造为主,仅有限的新生组分加入到岩浆的形成过程中。     

哀牢山-金沙江碱性岩带南段云南金平八一村钾质碱性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

云南省金平县八一村钾质碱性花岗岩中的锆石由岩浆锆石和岩浆复合型锆石(老核新壳锆石)组成，以后者居多。锆石定年结果表明，岩浆锆石和岩浆复合型锆石的新壳SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为37Ma，反映岩浆上侵定位时的结晶时间，相当于始新世晚期。锆石老核获得的最大年龄为510Ma和177Ma，相当于晚寒武世和中侏罗世，表明该岩体保存有寒武纪和侏罗纪地质事件信息，而42～48Ma年龄可能是混合年龄。最后对锆石的成因和花岗岩的成岩机制等进行了初步探讨。     

燕山中段走滑断裂中辉绿岩脉的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Ar-Ar年龄

燕山中段东西向走滑断裂的活动时代一直存在争议,对侵入断层中的辉绿岩脉的直接测年可以给出一个年龄上限。侵入密云-喜峰口断裂中的辉绿岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb和角闪石Ar-Ar测年发现,锆石U-Pb年龄为290~125Ma,没有一个谐和年龄;角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄为123.5Ma±1.5Ma。Ar-Ar年龄与最年轻的锆石U-Pb年龄一致,代表了辉绿岩脉的冷却年龄,是断裂活动时代的上限。分散的锆石U-Pb年龄,均为继承年龄,与燕山造山带5次岩浆活动的时代对应。     

青海多彩地区龙墨沟辉绿岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

多彩地区位于羌塘地块东北缘,其内发育的大量晚古生代-中生代岩浆岩为研究古特提斯洋构造演化提供了重要证据。选取龙墨沟地区出露的辉绿岩脉为研究对象,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年的方法进行了测试分析,探讨了成岩年代学及其地质意义。定年结果表明龙墨沟辉绿岩侵位年龄为(248.3±2.6)Ma,为早三叠世岩浆活动产物;与区内其他岩浆岩研究成果的对比分析表明,龙墨沟辉绿岩可能产于龙木错-双湖洋俯冲产生的弧后伸展背景下。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861