高压氧治疗新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病CT动态变化与临床对比

目的:探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)行高压氧(HBO)治疗前、中、后脑部CT所表现的动态变化与临床效果对比。方法:回顾性分析85例HIE新生儿的临床和CT资料,按照治疗前脑部CT表现分为轻、中、重三型,行HBO及常规辅助治疗于1、2、3个疗程后分别行脑部CT复查,对三型HIECT转归情况与临床效果进行对比分析。结果:85例患儿行HBO治疗前CT检查,其中轻度HIE20例,中度HIE42例,重度HIE合并脑出血23例;HBO及常规辅助治疗1个疗程后复查CT,轻度HIE中有9例转阴,临床症状恢复正常,还有11例轻度的和中度的、重度的HIE与治疗前CT检查结果相比有好转,临床症状减轻,CT总转归率为11.12%(9/85);HBO及常规辅助治疗2个疗程后复查CT,轻度的20例HIE全部转阴,中度的HIE中有30例转阴,CT总转归率58.82%(50/85),其中中度的12例及重度的23例与治疗前CT检查结果明显好转,临床症状亦明显减轻;HBO及常规辅助治疗3个疗程后复查CT,中度的HIE全部转阴,重度的HIE中有12例转阴,CT总转归率87.06%(74/85),其中重度的HIE合并脑内出血的11例患儿,CT示出血全部吸收,留下软化灶,临床症状明显好转。结论:应用CT显示新生儿脑部动态变化对HBO治疗HIE有重要指导价值。     

周围型肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT表现

目的:探讨肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现,以提高CT诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的32例肺错构瘤的MSCT平扫及22例MSCT动态增强扫描的特点.结果:MSCT上所有结节边缘光滑.结节内含有脂肪密度(无钙化)的12例,占37.5%,既有脂肪又有钙化的8例,占25.0%,只有钙化的2例,占6.3%.增强扫描(22例)强化值<20HU的20例,占90.9%,强化形态呈间隔状强化16例,占72.7%.结论:肺错构瘤的MSCT表现有一定的特征性,边缘光滑、结节内含有脂肪和钙化有助于诊断,动态MSCT增强扫描有助于与周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT检查对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床价值。资料与方法：对45例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床资料、CT表现进行回顾分析,所有患儿均在24h～72h内行颅脑CT扫描证实。结果：HIE据CT表现分为轻、中、重度（轻度10例,中度20例,重度15例,男26例,女19例）。结论：CT检查可对新生儿缺氧...     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床分度和CT表现的对照研讨

目的：探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）临床CT表现和分度的关系。方法：对85例缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿的临床资料及CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果：根据HIE的临床诊断标准,轻度26例,中度38例,重度21例。颅脑CT显示全部85例均具有脑内异常密度减低区,CT值约6～18Hu（平均11Hu）;合并颅内高密出血（52例）,CT值约58～85Hu。依据新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT诊断标准：轻度26例,中度38例及重度21例。48例进行了CT复查。其中19例轻度患儿脑水肿均在11天内消失而恢复正常;12例中度病例中,脑水肿征象有不同程度的减轻或消失,蛛网膜下腔出血已吸收,1例出现硬膜下少量积液;17例重度患者,其中出现脑软化6例,硬膜下积液3例,脑萎缩3例,脑积水2例,脑内钙化灶2例,脑穿通畸形1例,死亡4例。结论：本组资料新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床诊断分度与CT诊断分度有着很好的一致性。颅脑CT能准确显示HIE患儿脑内病变的部位、范围和程度。CT复查能显示患儿脑内病灶的恢复及遗留病变。颅脑CT表现结合临床分度能对本病的进行早诊断、早干预,减少脑损伤后遗症的发生,有着极其重要的价值。     

MSCT对GST诊断及临床治疗指导价值初探

目的:分析多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对胃间质瘤（GST）诊断及临床治疗指导价值。方法:收集本院2018年1月至2019年2月收治的56例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料，收集患者临床资料对患者进行病理危险度评估，分析不同病理危险度患者的MSCT图像表现差异，计算MSCT对GST的诊断准确率。结果:56例患者中病理危险度极低者11例（19.64%），危险度低者18例（32.14%），中危险度者14例（25.00%），高危险度者13例（23.21%）。MSCT平扫密度、瘤内有无坏死/溃疡、动静脉其强化程度差值、瘤内及瘤周有无血管与病理危险度比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；瘤周脂肪间隙、强化方式与病理危险度比较有明显差异（P<0.05）；以病理活检为对照，MSCT对GST的诊断准确例数为53例，诊断准确率为94.64%，其中3例误诊为胃癌，误诊率为5.45%。结论:MSCT对GST诊断准确率高，可有效显示不同病理危险度GST图像表现特点，为临床手术提供可靠影像学信息。      

头颅CT检查对新生儿颅内出血早期诊断的意义

目的分析CT对于新生儿颅内出血的诊断价值.材料和方法:搜集我院临床考虑新生儿颅内出血并行CT及B超检查的患儿487例,其中头颅CT诊断出血者401例,B超检查诊断颅内出血者239例.结果 CT 的检出率明显高于B超的检出率,但有61例(占12.5%)患儿B超检出而CT未检出.结论 CT检出率明显高于B超,但对于脉络丛出血不如B超敏感.因此对临床怀疑新生儿颅内出血者应先行头颅CT检查,结果阴性者应补充头颅B超检查,以防漏诊.     

梗阻性输尿管积水的MSCT诊断

探讨不同原因的梗阻性输尿管积水的MSCT表现及价值.回顾性分析76例经手术和临床证实的梗阻性积水的影像学资料.76例病例的病因MSCT均准确诊断,其中常见疾病输尿管结石肿瘤占75%,少见疾病占25%.MSCT不仅能准确诊断引起输尿管梗阻性积水的常见疾病,而且也能准确诊断一些少见疾病,是诊断梗阻性输尿管积水最准确的检查手段之一.     

MSCT在少儿胰腺实性假乳头状瘤诊断中的应用

目的:分析少儿胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）检查特征,提高其术前诊断正确率。方法:回顾性分析资料完整的7例SPTP患儿的临床资料及MSCT图像。结果:肿瘤均为单发,3例位于胰头颈部,4例位于胰体尾部,长径为3.1~9.6 cm,平均5.9 cm,境界清晰。5例为囊实相间型,2例囊性为主型,1例肿瘤伴钙化,1例伴出血,2例伴远端胰管轻度扩张,1例伴胰周淋巴结增大。增强扫描肿瘤实性部分呈渐进性强化,囊性区无强化。结论:少儿SPTP的MSCT表现具有一定特征性,再结合临床病史,可提高该病的术前诊断正确率。      

老年人脑转移瘤的CT诊断及临床特点

目的：通过临床及手术病理对照，分析了63例老年人脑转移瘤的CT表现，探讨老年人脑转移瘤的CT征象及诊断意义。材料与方法：63例患者包括多发者39例，单发者24例。CT检查病例全部平扫，其中49例行增强扫描，观察CT对脑转移瘤的定位及定量价值，总结CT变化规律。结果：CT发现病灶118个，其中单发病灶34个占28.3%，2个病灶的58个占49%，2个病灶以上的26个占22.7%。目前CT对老年人脑转移瘤的定位，定量，定性都有特征性，方便快捷应为首选。     

MSCT和X线平片在诊断腰椎滑脱症中的临床价值比较

目的:比较X线平片和多排螺旋CT诊断腰椎滑脱的准确性,并评价临床价值。方法:搜集40例经X线平片、MSCT检查诊断并手术治疗的腰椎滑脱患者,X线平片和MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度、部位、类型的结果与手术对照。结果:40例患者,27例手术证实为真性滑脱,13例为假性滑脱。以手术为对照,X线平片、MSCT诊断腰椎滑脱程度和部位准确率为100%;X线平片判定腰椎滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值为分别为59.3%、100%、100%和54.2%;MSCT判定滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值均为100%;X线平片和MSCT对滑脱类型判定具有明显统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:X线平片、MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度和部位均具有较高的准确性;判定腰椎滑脱类型,MSCT比X线平片好,X线平片目前仍是基本的筛查方法,MSCT进一步明确腰椎滑脱类型诊断,为临床提供更多的影像信息和治疗方案。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Structure of the poleward wall of the trough and the inclination of the geomagnetic field above the EISCAT radar

A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation.