协同空间决策的概念、过程与特点研究

对空间决策支持系统和计算机系统协同工作环境进行系统分析和总结,概括了较为完整的协同空间决策概念,提出了协同空间决策的空间问题协同分析、方案生成与可视化、方案分析、方案表决等基本过程.在此基础上,作者详细分析了协同空间决策的复杂性、交互可视化、多用户参与、方案探索性分析、多层次协同等基本特征.     

地理空间可视分析及其研究方向综述

介绍了可视分析的概念和内涵,分析了可视分析与可视化、地理空间可视分析等概念的关系。研究了地理空间可视分析的概念和内涵,在此基础上提出了地理空间可视分析的5个重要研究方向:面向可视分析的地理空间数据转换;多维地理空间数据的深层可视化表达和分析;地理空间可视分析推理;地理空间数据的协同可视分析和决策;地理空间数据可视分析工具的设计和评估。     

协同空间决策的现状与趋势

本文概要介绍了协同空间决策支持系统的概念 ,总结了基本的协同理论和协同交流模型 ,概括了协同空间决策的体系结构和主要支撑技术。同时 ,作者详细分析了协同空间决策在体系结构、共享、复杂问题处理与效率等方面存在的主要问题 ,提出了协同空间决策未来趋势     

基于工作流的协同空间决策支持系统的研究

分析了协同空间决策支持产生的背景，结合当前应用日益广泛的工作流技术，提出了基于工作流的协同空间决策支持的概念框架，描述了其技术实现方法与过程。给出了工作流中的决策者模型、空间数据库与模型库管理方法。以某城市规划信息系统为例。对以上方法给予了验证。     

3S技术在防汛抗旱指挥决策中的应用

从防汛抗旱指挥决策的内容出发,本文分析了3S技术在防汛抗旱指挥决策中的作用,包括数据获取与管理、空间信息可视化、数字高程模型、空间分析、实时监控、遥感监测等技术对防汛抗旱指挥决策的全方位支撑。在此基础上,将3S技术综合应用于防汛抗旱指挥决策工作中,依托集GIS、RS、GPS为一体的MapGIS K9平台,设计了防汛抗旱指挥决策支持系统的数据管理方案和主要功能框架,并开发了原型系统。     

基于GIS的地下水流可视化模拟系统研究

以常州市区与武进市地下水流模拟为例，在研究该地区孔隙地下水流概念模型的基础上，构建了第Ⅱ与第Ⅲ承压水流的数学模型，并将地下水流模拟模型与地理信息系统(GIS)进行有机集成，充分利用GIS的空间分析功能及其可视化表达能力，研究地下水流数值模拟过程中含水层空间与模拟时间的可视化离散、计算参数的可视化赋值、模型的可视化拟合及其模拟结果可视化表达的方法，基本实现了地下水流模拟过程的可视化，为常州及武进地区地下水资源的科学管理提供了空间辅助决策支持。     

基于Web的京津冀城市群协调发展协同决策支持系统

基于Web技术,通过汲取空间和协同决策支持系统的优点,设计了京津冀城市群协调发展协同决策支持系统的基本架构和功能模块;通过集成京津冀协调发展决策支持模型、决策知识库和情景分析技术来支持决策过程;运用Web Socket构建了多用户的情景分析和协同决策支持环境。     

基于WebGIS的突发事件网络舆情可视化设计与实现

从地理学角度分析网络舆情,将网络舆情映射到地理空间,借助GIS地理可视化及空间分析技术来分析和挖掘网络舆情的时空特性。设计了基于RIA模式架构的分布式突发事件网络舆情WebGIS平台,实现了基于事件的网络舆情时空可视化、专题图制作、空间分析和预测预警等功能,为突发事件应急处置、知识发现提供决策支持。     

地球信息的度量空间和Global GIS

论述了地球空间信息的度量空间，讨论了地球信息度量空间下若干基础技术问题；结合Global GIS的技术趋势，讨论了球模型技术方案的意义，指出了Global GIS椭球模型的重要意义，分析了Global GIS椭球模型中度量空间数据基础、可视化理论和技术、空间数据处理、分析理论和技术等问题。     

CityEngine与ArcGIS结合的辅助道路规划设计

结合CityEngine与ArcGIS构建了一种基于三维道路模型的道路设计方案快速集成和实时模拟的辅助规划设计平台。CityEngine参数化建模软件基于CGA规则语法的建模技术,可以对道路的三维模型进行批量化快速构建,在此基础上借助ArcGIS的空间分析功能,可以开展地形分析、断面分析、土石方计算等辅助规划管理等工作,为道路规划、设计、管理部门提供了一种将可视化的设计成果进行三维展示的技术手段,帮助设计人员提高了工作效率与方案质量,为评价和决策者提供了直观、便捷的评价及决策依据。试验证明,通过将CityEngine参数化建模软件与ArcGIS的空间分析功能相结合,开发的城市道路三维可视化辅助设计平台可以直观、准确地展现城市道路设计方案,并在此基础上对道路三维模型进行空间分析,辅助决策者对方案进行评价及改动;该平台有利于不同专业工作者之间的协同配合,可以显著提高道路设计工作的技术水平和工作效率,对于推动道路设计工作由二维向三维转变具有重要意义。     

空间决策支持系统通用软件工具的试验研究

空间决策支持系统（ＳＤＳＳ）是近年来在常规决策支持系统（ＤＳＳ）和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）相结合的基础上，发展起来的一种新型的信息系统。在本文中，作者简要地论述了ＳＤＳＳ的技术特点及其与ＧＩＳ、专家系统的差异，ＳＤＳＳ通用软件工具的设计思想及其原型系统的总体结构以及建立ＳＤＳＳ通用软件工具原型系统的关键技术问题及其解决办法。在开发ＳＤＳＳ通用软件工具的过程中，引入了应用框架生成及其实例化的概念，为ＳＤＳＳ的发展和应用开拓了一条有效的途径。     

协作空间推演探讨

介绍了协作空间推演的基本概念和任务,对其体系结构进行了分析,提出了基于Client/Server结构的协作空间推演关键技术,如多用户方案生成与修改、在线用户状态管理、数据通讯模式及其实现和方案演播等,对未来需要开展的工作进行的展望。     

A Loose Coupling Technique for Integrating GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Spatial decision making is characterized by problems associated with multiple and conflicting alternatives relating to geographical features and their attributes. As such, the search for the best possible alternative from a large set of such alternatives can be a daunting task. The aim of integrating GIS with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is to develop a well‐defined process that can scan through such extensive fields of choice to arrive at the best possible solution. Goal Programming is one tool (developed in conjunction with MCDM) that can handle a problem with multiple, conflicting and incommensurable alternatives, and this article explains how the loose coupling technique can integrate MCDM with GIS to assist decision making among competing alternatives. As an example, this methodology has been applied for community development purposes in the Hooghly District of West Bengal, India.     

An open source GIS‐based Planning Support System: Application to the land use plan of La Troncal,Ecuador

Planning Support Systems (PSS) comprise a wide variety of geo‐technological tools related to GIS and spatial modeling aimed at addressing land planning processes. This article describes the OpenRules system, a PSS based on a previous system called RULES. Among OpenRules new features are its architecture, based exclusively on free and open source software, and its applicability to all land use types, including rural and urban uses. In addition, OpenRules incorporates an unlimited number of land evaluation factors and a new objective in land use spatial allocation. OpenRules has been programmed in Java and implemented as a module of the free GIS software gvSIG, with full integration between the GIS and the decision support tools. Decision support tools include multicriteria evaluation, multiobjective linear programming and heuristic techniques, which support three basic stages of land use planning processes, namely land suitability evaluation, land use area optimization and land use spatial allocation. The application of OpenRules to the region of La Troncal, Ecuador, demonstrates its capability to generate alternative and coherent solutions through a scientific and justified procedure at low cost in terms of time and resources.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Donna J Peuquet, Representations of Space and Time
Jingxiong Zhang and Michael F Goodchild, Uncertainty in Geographical Information
Michael N Demers, GIS Modelling in Raster
Piotr Jankowski and Timothy Nyerges, Geographic Information Systems for Group Decision Making: Towards a Participatory, Geographic Information Science
Ellen K Cromley and Sara L McLafferty, GIS and Public Health     

Spatial understanding and decision support system: A prototype for public GIS

The idea of public participation GIS involves the use of GIS tools to help laypcople understand the spatial consequences of proposed projects, evaluate alternatives, and create new solutions. The widening use of information networks creates opportunities for making GIS a widely accessible decision-making tool, bypassing the constraints of location and time. This paper presents a prototype software that enables group collaboration across space and time using the Internet infrastructure. The prototype, called Spatial Understanding and Decision Support System (SUDSS), was designed to facilitate a controlled experiment in collaborative group work aimed at solving a realistic land-use planning problem. The paper discusses design considerations for a distributed public GIS and presents the functionality of SUDSS using the example of group participation in developing a land-use zoning plan.     

GIS在城市应急救援中的应用

分析了应急预案在应急救援智能决策中所起的作用,着重阐述了城市中事故发生后,从接警,应急指挥,到应急结束的整个流程,以及最终动态预案(应急救援作战计划书)的实时生成过程。最后将其过程在城市应急系统的GIS平台上进行了实现。     

Geo-limis - a decision support system for minimizing locust impact in republic of kazakhstan

Desert locusts (DL) are serious problem during April to August in the deserts and semi-deserts of Republic of Kazakhstan and causing extensive crop damage. There is no institutional and functional mechanism to forecast the habitat of locusts and most of the area remains unnoticed after laying eggs. The key to improve DL forecasting and control depends on the collection and generation of historical database on locusts, weather and habitat from affected region. Looking at the problem, a Spatial Decision Support Systems (DSS) has been developed on ARC/INFO GIS with ergonomic user interface for ingestion and subsequent analysis of locust related information vis-à-vis bio-physical and climatic data acquired from various satellite sensors and hydromet weather server respectively, to identify high frequency breeding areas well before the physiological development is completed. Weather based analytical models for physiological development of DL has been dovetailed with the SDSS for facilitating historic and present data analysis in relation to locust activity. This has augmented the surveying capability and better forecasting.