杨伙盘煤矿烧变岩及其对工作面布设的影响

论述杨伙盘煤矿的地质特征、上部2-2、3-1可采煤层的烧变岩分布范围及可采煤层厚度、结构等,分析煤层的自燃特征及其对工作面布设的影响,认为采用钻探的方法控制煤层自燃的范围,工作面尽多并且实现出煤,可避免盲目掘进造成经济损失和烧变岩含水层对矿井安全的影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区延安组煤层自燃烧变产物及其特征

煤层自燃是世界范围内普遍存在的一种地质现象,但针对煤层自燃形成的产物尚缺乏系统研究。我国鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区延安组煤层在地史时期普遍发生自燃,研究中主要针对该地区的煤层自燃烧变产物的特征进行系统分析。结果表明,煤层烧变产物包括烧变残留煤、煤灰、烧变岩三类,其纵向和横向剖面上具有明显的分带规律,对其岩石物理学、地球化学等特征分析显示较原岩(煤、泥岩、砂岩)发生了不同程度的变化,可将其看成一类特殊的变质岩类。     

中国北方烧变岩的分布、特征及研究意义*

中国北方烧变岩分布广泛,见于以昆仑山—秦岭—大别山为界的中国北方地区多个沉积盆地边缘,但地质学家对其研究较为薄弱。野外调查显示中国北方烧变岩主要以4种方式分布: (1)大面积连片分布,(2)沿山脉走向的线状分布,(3)沿河流下切河谷分布,(4)为第四系黄土覆盖。烧变岩主要为侏罗系、石炭—二叠系煤层自燃所致。各类型的烧变岩在中国烧变岩区不同程度发育,具瓷化结构、白化结构、烧熔结构、残余构造、气孔构造、微柱状节理、角砾状构造、垮塌构造、裂缝充填等结构和构造。其颜色以砖红色、赭红色、棕色、钢灰色最为典型,岩石中发育鳞石英、方石英、堇青石、铁堇青石、莫来石等典型高温矿物。中新世以来,中国西部、北部地区构造活动强烈,干旱气候加剧,烧变岩也主要形成于这一时期,但煤层自燃与构造运动、环境变化、古野火事件的耦合关系还鲜有提及,其所蕴含的各种地质信息值得在今后的研究中予以关注。     

生态脆弱区烧变岩研究现状及方向

烧变岩是地质历史时期煤层自燃形成的一种特殊类型的岩体。烧变岩的研究有益于对煤层形成以来所经历的构造运动、古气候和古地理的研究。同时,它也是重要的水文地质勘查对象。50年来,烧变岩的研究多集中于其勘查方法,尤其是较多的论述了其磁性特征与物探确定烧变岩体边界问题。近年来,研究了其水文地质特征。笔者论述了烧变岩的研究现状,提出了烧变岩是一种特殊类型的岩体,空隙、裂隙发育,具有形成富水区的有利条件,是陕北煤炭开发区良好的供水水源。提出了应加强烧变岩内部结构、非均质性特征和空间分布形态的研究,系统开展烧变岩水文地质勘查,评价烧变岩地下水资源,为合理开发利用烧变岩奠定基础。     

神府煤田发现“封闭型”煤层自燃区

神府煤田发现“封闭型”煤层自燃区范立民（陕西煤田地质局１８５地质队，榆林市，７１９０００）地质历史时期，神府煤田曾发生过多次煤层自燃事件，形成了烧变岩。大量勘查成果表明，煤层自燃最先从沟谷沿岸的煤层露头开始，并逐渐向纵深部燃烧，最后因缺氧而熄灭。最近...     

CASI/SASI数据在宁夏汝箕沟煤田中的应用

航空机载高光谱遥感数据(CASI/SASI)具有图谱合一的优势,能够根据光谱特征进行地物的直接识别。以宁夏汝箕沟煤田的CASI/SASI航空机载成像光谱测量影像数据为主要信息源,利用ENVI软件对数据进行了辐射校正和辐射定标、大气校正(光谱重建)与几何校正等预处理,同时利用FieldSpec~Pro FR便携式光谱仪对研究区烧变岩及煤层各类样本进行光谱测试,提取其光谱特征。在数据处理和实测光谱(野外与室内)分析的基础上,运用混合调制匹配滤波法,对研究区烧变岩和煤层进行高光谱识别,获得了研究区烧变岩和煤层高光谱分布图。通过野外调查验证和地质综合分析可知,野外观察的烧变岩及煤层分布与高光谱遥感解译结果基本吻合。该实例表明CASI/SASI航空机械成像高光谱数据在烧变岩及煤层勘查领域具有较好的应用效果和广泛的前景。     

中国煤的燃烧变质作用与煤层自燃特征

近年来,煤的燃烧变质作用已引起人们的关注。煤层自燃主要发生于我国西北地区中生代侏罗纪中、低变质煤层中,范围广。煤层自燃一般经过由浅入的发展过程。燃烧过程中产生的热量向周围扩散形成异常地温场,使上覆岩层经烧变形成烧变岩,在垂直及水平方向上呈带状分布;     

伊犁盆地北缘表生热液成因砂岩型铀矿勘探前景及找矿方向

伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿床多见,但近年来盆地北缘铀矿勘探进展不大。通过野外调查,对伊犁盆地北缘苏拉宫等地侏罗系地质剖面观察与采样发现,盆地北缘砂岩露头中烧变岩常见,经测试发现局部成熟度较高的煤层出现铀异常。因此认为伊犁盆地北缘的侏罗系可能存在与南缘类似的表生热液成因砂岩型铀矿床,其与侏罗系煤层在新生代自燃有关,下一步的勘探方向应以烧变岩作为找矿标志,以与烧变岩联通的渗透性砂岩层作为勘探目标。伊犁盆地北缘构造运动(及其形成的褶皱构造)和新生代水系流向是决定表生热液储铀砂岩分布的关键因素,由此预测了伊犁盆地北缘砂岩铀矿的勘探远景区。     

伊犁盆地北缘表生热液成因砂岩型铀矿勘探前景及找矿方向

伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿床多见,但近年来盆地北缘铀矿勘探进展不大。通过野外调查,对伊犁盆地北缘苏拉宫等地侏罗系地质剖面观察与采样发现,盆地北缘砂岩露头中烧变岩常见,经测试发现局部成熟度较高的煤层出现铀异常。因此认为伊犁盆地北缘的侏罗系可能存在与南缘类似的表生热液成因砂岩型铀矿床,其与侏罗系煤层在新生代自燃有关,下一步的勘探方向应以烧变岩作为找矿标志,以与烧变岩联通的渗透性砂岩层作为勘探目标。伊犁盆地北缘构造运动(及其形成的褶皱构造)和新生代水系流向是决定表生热液储铀砂岩分布的关键因素,由此预测了伊犁盆地北缘砂岩铀矿的勘探远景区。     

磁法探测煤火区的外推解释

本文阐述了磁法探测煤层火区、在没有磁性的烧变岩烧烤部分，利用该地区的地质规律及煤层烧变的规律进行外推解释。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861