华北中部造山带南缘华山地区太华变质杂岩中锆石U-Pb定年

华山太华变质杂岩出露于华北克拉通中部造山带最南缘,区内斜长角闪片麻岩呈"透镜状"或"似层状"产出于黑云斜长片麻岩或TTG片麻岩中。大多数含有石榴子石变斑晶的变质岩中,保留了至少3期变形形迹和3个阶段的变质矿物组合。本文对斜长角闪片麻岩和黑云斜长片麻岩中的锆石,进行了SIMS和LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年。斜长角闪片麻岩的岩浆锆石年龄为2.29Ga,表明其原岩形成于古元古代。斜长角闪片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩中的变质锆石及锆石变质增生边年龄为1.94～1.82Ga,表明华山地区比华北克拉通中部造山带中段及北段其他地区普遍记录的约1.85Ga的变质事件,不仅早了约0.1Ga,且变质事件持续达0.1Ga之久。这说明华北中部造山带前寒武纪期间的构造-变质事件是一个比较漫长的复杂过程。     

中国东北黑龙江杂岩体蓝闪石片岩岩石学研究

黑龙江杂岩主要由蓝闪石片岩构成,蓝闪石片岩主要包括绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、钠质角闪石、多硅白云母和石英以及为数不多的榍石、钛铁矿和黑硬绿泥石。其中,钠质角闪石包括蓝闪石和镁质钠闪石。变质条件的压力（P）温度（T）评价条件为400－425℃和0.69－0.86 MPa,对应岩相为绿帘蓝闪石片岩相。黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的地球化学研究表明,其原岩是可与洋岛型（OIB）玄武岩和一些洋中脊型（E-MORB）玄武岩相对比的大洋玄武岩,这说明黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的玄武岩原岩是在海底山或者在大洋隆起条件下由富集源形成的;具有洋岛型玄武岩地球化学特征的变质玄武岩以及富锰的变质燧石、大理石、变质硬砂岩和蛇绿岩鳞片的加入证明黑龙江杂岩是消减—增生杂岩,它含有变形洋壳的碎块和在被改造的前震旦纪佳木斯岩体西边缘上形成于侏罗纪的增生楔岩石;黑龙江杂岩在原岩成分上可与活动大陆边缘许多增生的杂岩相当。     

Metamorphic evolution of blueschists of the Altınekin Complex,Konya area,south central Turkey

The Altınekin Complex in south central Turkey forms part of the south‐easterly extension of the Tavşanlı Zone, a Cretaceous subduction complex formed during the closure of the Neo‐Tethys ocean. The protoliths of metamorphic rocks within the Altınekin Complex include peridotites, chromitites, basalts, ferruginous cherts and flysch‐facies impure carbonate sediments. Structurally, the complex consists of a stack of thrust slices, with massive ophiolite tectonically overlying a Cretaceous sediment‐hosted ophiolitic mélange, in turn overlying a sequence of Mesozoic sediments. Rocks within the two lower structural units have undergone blueschist–facies metamorphism. Petrographic, mineral–chemical and thermobarometric studies were undertaken on selected samples of metasedimentary and metabasic rock in order to establish the time relations of deformation and metamorphism and to constrain metamorphic conditions. Microstructures record two phases of plastic deformation, one predating the metamorphic peak, and one postdating it. Estimated peak metamorphic pressures mostly fall in the range 9–11 kbar, corresponding to burial depths of 31–38 km, equivalent to the base of a continental crust of normal thickness. Best‐fit peak metamorphic temperatures range from 375 to 450°C. Metamorphic fluids had high H₂O:CO₂ ratios. Peak metamorphic temperature/depth ratios (T/d values) were low (c. 10–14°C/km), consistent with metamorphism in a subduction zone. Lawsonite‐bearing rocks in the southern part of the ophiolitic mélange record lower peak temperatures and T/d values than epidote blueschists elsewhere in the unit, hinting that the latter may consist of two or more thrust slices with different metamorphic histories. Differences in peak metamorphic conditions also exist between the ophiolitic mélange and the underlying metasediments. Rocks of the Altınekin Complex were subducted to much shallower depths, and experienced higher geothermal gradients, than those of the NW Tavşanlı Zone, possibly indicating dramatic lateral variation in subduction style. Retrograde P–T paths in the Altınekin Complex were strongly decompressive, resulting in localized overprinting of epidote blueschists by greenschist–facies assemblages, and of lawsonite blueschists by pumpellyite–facies assemblages. The observation that the second deformation was associated with decompression is consistent with, but not proof of, exhumation by a process that involved deformation of the hanging‐wall wedge, such as gravitational spreading, corner flow or buoyancy‐driven shallowing of the subduction zone. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aspects of magmatism and plate tectonics in the Precambrian of England and Wales

The geological features of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks comprising the Precambrian of England and Wales suggest formation in one or more Precambrian orogenic cycles. They are now interpreted in terms of plate tectonics. Evidence for Late Proterozoic plate subduction in the Mona Complex of Anglesey is suggested by the association of pillow lavas, cherts, high P/T metamorphic rocks and by the occurrence of gabbros and serpentinites with similar features to rocks believed to comprise the oceanic crust. Precambrian rocks in England and South Wales include calc-alkaline plutonic complexes (Malvern and Johnston Complexes), calc-alkaline lavas (Uriconian and Charnian) and basic and intermediate intrusions of tholeiitic affinity (dykes in the plutonic complexes and granophyric diorites in Charnwood Forest). The features of these rocks indicate formation in a continental margin setting and this is consistent with features of the Rushton Schist and Primrose Hill “gneiss” which suggest that they predate the Late Proterozoic orogenic activity. This evidence is consistent with plate tectonic models involving oceanic plate subduction below the Mona Complex from an ocean to the northwest, or from a small ocean basin southeast of the complex. The Warren House lavas show some affinities to ocean floor basalts and are problematic with regard to the Precambrian history of the area.     

青藏高原拉萨地块北部新元古代中期蛇绿混杂岩带的厘定及其意义

青藏高原南部拉萨地块中分布的中高级变质岩一直被认为是前寒武纪变质基底,但并未获得可靠的年代学证据,对其岩石成因及构造属性也缺乏系统的研究工作,严重制约了对拉萨地块早期构造演化的进一步研究.本文以拉萨地块北部永珠地区念青唐古拉岩群中的正变质岩系及深熔作用成因的长英质脉体为研究对象,进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究.地球化学研究结果表明,永珠地区念青唐古拉岩群中正变质岩系的原岩为一套E-MORB型蛇绿岩、剪切型大洋斜长花岗岩和岛弧岩浆岩组合,深熔脉体则具有典型埃达克岩的特征,暗示高压条件下镁铁质岩石部分熔融的成因;LA-ICP-MS定年结果进一步表明,洋壳的形成时代为758Ma,与Rodinia超大陆裂解时期相一致,可能是在这一期全球性裂解事件中新生的新元古代洋盆记录;在洋壳的运移和进一步的演化过程中形成了730Ma的剪切型大洋斜长花岗岩和742Ma的岛弧岩浆岩;变质锆石定年结果表明大洋可能最终在666Ma的碰撞造山作用中闭合,并在造山带垮塌初期或高压变质岩系折返过程中,由于减压熔融,形成一期660Ma深熔脉体.本文的研究证明了拉萨地块前寒武纪变质基底的存在,首次获得了精确的新元古代变质及深熔作用年龄,填补了拉萨地块早期构造演化的空白,为进一步探讨拉萨地块起源,恢复其在超大陆的汇聚及裂解事件中古地理位置提供了重要的资料.     

Late-orogenic Sveconorwegian massif anorthosite in the Jotun Nappe Complex,SW Norway,and causes of repeated AMCG magmatism along the Baltoscandian margin

The age and tectonometamorphic history of massif anorthosite in the Jotun Nappe Complex, SW Norway, were investigated by zircon and titanite U–Pb ID-TIMS. The anorthosite contains sparse zircons showing complex U–Pb systematics reflecting events dated at 965 ± 4 and 913 ± 2 Ma, and a pronounced Caledonian metamorphic overprint. The oldest age is interpreted as the protolith age of the massif anorthosite. We propose that the Jotun anorthosite is related to 970–960 Ma magmatism in the Western Gneiss Region and coeval, orogen-perpendicular extension. Conversely, a 930 Ma high-grade metamorphic event in the Jotun Nappe Complex and the related Lindås Nappe is likely related to formation of the autochthonous ca. 930 Ma Rogaland anorthosite complex. We suggest that the two late- to post-orogenic AMCG events reflect two instances of lithospheric foundering below the orogen separated by ca. 20–30 my. The 913 ± 2 Ma metamorphic episode appears to date a heating event restricted to the outermost edge of the Western Gneiss Region. Leucosome formation in high-grade gneisses geographically close to the Jotun anorthosite is dated at 892 ± 4 Ma and suggested to reflect CO₂-rich (?) fluid flux along shear zones.     

The western Durkan Complex (Makran Accretionary Prism,SE Iran): A Late Cretaceous tectonically disrupted seamounts chain and its role in controlling deformation style

The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism (SE Iran) and it has been interpreted as representing a continental margin succession. We present here a multidisciplinary study of the western Durkan Complex, which is based on new geological, stratigraphic, biostratigraphic data, as well as geochemical data of the volcanic and meta-volcanic rocks forming this complex. Our data show that this complex consists of distinct tectonic slices showing both non-metamorphic and very low-grade metamorphic deformed successions. Stratigraphic and biostratigraphic data allow us to recognize three types of successions. Type-I is composed by a Coniacian – early Campanian pelagic succession with intercalation of pillow lavas and minor volcaniclastic rocks. Type-II succession includes a volcanic sequence passing to a volcano-sedimentary sequence with Cenomanian pelagic limestones, followed by a hemipelagic sequence. This succession is characterized by abundant mass-transport deposits. Type-III succession includes volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequences, which are stratigraphically covered by a Cenomanian platform succession. The latter is locally followed by a hemipelagic sequence. The volcanic rocks in the different successions show alkaline geochemical affinity, suggesting an origin from an oceanic within-plate setting. Our new results indicate that the western Durkan Complex represents fragments of seamounts tectonically incorporated in the Makran accretionary wedge during the latest Late Cretaceous–Paleocene. We propose that incorporation of seamounts in the frontal prism caused a shortening of the whole convergent margin and possibly contributed to controlling the deformation style in the Makran Accretionary Wedge during Late Cretaceous–Paleocene times.     

Fault-related rocks: deciphering the structural–metamorphic evolution of an accretionary wedge in a collisional belt,NE Sicily

The Alpine chain exposed in the Western Mediterranean area represents a front several kilometres in width, dismembered by more recent tectonics and by opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin. In most exposures of this mountain belt, relics of older metamorphic rocks occur. The deformational sequence of events may be revealed by the recognition of metamorphic records associated with different structures. Within a tract of the Alpine front cropping out in the Peloritani Mountains (NE Sicily), we distinguished two metamorphic complexes characterized by different tectonometamorphic histories. Their present tectonic juxtaposition is a cataclastic thrust linked to the recent Africa-verging Sicilian–Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt. The Lower Complex is characterized by Hercynian metamorphism (P > 0.2 GPa and T ≈ 350°C) exclusively. It essentially consists of very low-grade metapelites and metavolcanic rocks overlain by an unmetamorphosed sedimentary cover. The Upper Complex, comprising different tectonic slices, consists of medium- to high-grade Hercynian metamorphic rocks (P?=?0.3–0.8 GPa and T up to 650°C) with Alpine metamorphic overprint (T > 250°C) affecting also the Mesozoic–Cenozoic cover. Lithotypes, structures, and inferred P–T conditions of investigated rocks suggest the existence of an Alpine accretionary wedge during the Cretaceous deformational collision. Within the Upper Complex, a polyphase Palaeogene mylonitic horizon involving rocks belonging to different tectonic slices fully preserves the tectonometamorphic evolution. For this reason, we focused our attention on these sheared rocks in order to reconstruct the entire tectonic history of this geologically complex area. Our new basic model allows the complex structure of the nappe-pile edifice of the Peloritani Mountains to be simplified, casting new light on the tectonic evolution of this key sector of the southern Calabrian-Peloritani Orogen.     

Age and significance of voluminous mafic–ultramafic magmatic events in the Murchison Domain,Yilgarn Craton

Mafic–ultramafic rocks in structurally dismembered layered intrusions comprise approximately 40% by volume of greenstones in the Murchison Domain of the Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton. Mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Murchison Domain may be divided into five components: (i) the ～2810 Ma Meeline Suite, which includes the large Windimurra Igneous Complex; (ii) the 2800 ± 6 Ma Boodanoo Suite, which includes the Narndee Igneous Complex; (iii) the 2792 ± 5 Ma Little Gap Suite; (iv) the ～2750 Ma Gnanagooragoo Igneous Complex; and (v) the 2735–2710 Ma Yalgowra Suite of layered gabbroic sills. The intrusions are typically layered, tabular bodies of gabbroic rock with ultramafic basal units which, in places, are more than 6 km thick and up to 2500 km² in areal extent. However, these are minimum dimensions as the intrusions have been dismembered by younger deformation. In the Windimurra and Narndee Igneous Complexes, discordant features and geochemical fractionation trends indicate multiple pulses of magma. These pulses produced several megacyclic units, each ～200 m thick. The suites are anhydrous except for the Boodanoo Suite, which contains a large volume of hornblende gabbro. They also host significant vanadium mineralisation, and at least minor Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation. Collectively, the areal distribution, thickness and volume of mafic–ultramafic magma in these complexes is similar to that in the 2.06 Ga Bushveld Igneous Complex, and represents a major addition of mantle-derived magma to Murchison Domain crust over a 100 Ma period. All suites are demonstrably contemporaneous with packages of high-Mg tholeiitic lavas and/or felsic volcanic rocks in greenstone belts. The distribution, ages and compositions of the earlier mafic–ultramafic rocks are most consistent with genesis in a mantle plume setting.     

Armorican provenance for the mélange deposits below the Lizard ophiolite (Cornwall,UK): evidence for Devonian obduction of Cadomian and Lower Palaeozoic crust onto the southern margin of Avalonia

Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Meneage Formation within the footwall of the Lizard ophiolite complex in SW England are thought to have been derived from erosion of the over-riding Armorican microplate during collision with Avalonia and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. We further test this hypothesis by comparison of their detrital zircon suites with those of autochthonous Armorican strata. Five samples analysed from SW England (Avalonia) and NW France (Armorica) have a bimodal U–Pb zircon age distribution dominated by late Neoproterozoic to middle Cambrian (c. 710–518 Ma) and Palaeoproterozoic (c. 1,800–2,200 Ma) groupings. Both can be linked with lithologies exposed within the Cadomian belt as well as the West African craton, which is characterized by major tectonothermal events at 2.0–2.4 Ga. The detrital zircon signature of Avalonia is distinct from that of Armorica in that there is a much larger proportion of Mesoproterozoic detritus. The common provenance of the samples is therefore consistent with: (a) derivation of the Meneage Formation mélange deposits from the Armorican plate during Rheic Ocean closure and obduction of the Lizard Complex and (b) previous correlation of quartzite blocks within the Meneage Formation with the Ordovician Grès Armoricain Formation of NW France.     

华北克拉通南缘太华杂岩组成及演化

太华杂岩位于华北克拉通南部,其组成复杂,记录了几乎所有早前寒武纪各阶段重要的地质事件;此外,由于其所处特殊地理位置,研究太华杂岩对于华北克拉通早前寒武纪地壳形成和演化、构造单元划分和基底拼合等都具有举足轻重的科学价值。本文综合已有的岩石学、变质作用、地球化学以及同位素年代学等诸多研究工作,得到以下阶段性结论和认识:1)将鲁山地区太华划分为以深成侵入岩为主的片麻岩系和以变质沉积-火山岩为主的表壳岩系;前者形成于中太古代晚期-新太古代早期,后者形成于古元古代晚期。而小秦岭地区太华杂岩中变质深成侵入岩形成时间跨度较大,为中太古代晚期-古元古代早期;而其上覆的火山-沉积岩可与鲁山太华杂岩的表壳岩类比,形成时间亦为古元古代晚期。2)中太古代-新太古代(2.91～2.50Ga)为华北克拉通南部大陆最主要的地壳形成时期。提出太华杂岩在太古宙经历了两期明显的地壳生长时间,一期发生在2.85～2.70Ga,以鲁山太华片麻岩系中的深成侵入岩和斜长角闪岩为代表;另一期发生在～2.50Ga,以小秦岭华山和崤山地区太华杂岩中各类花岗质岩石为代表。3)太华杂岩在所谓的全球陆壳生长"沉寂期(2.45～2.20Ga)"岩浆活动异常发育,推测这一时期的岩石形成于古元古代俯冲-汇聚环境,可能是与华北克拉通南部太古宙陆块和其他陆块汇聚-碰撞相关。4)太华杂岩在古元古代晚期普遍遭受了强烈的变质和变形,其变质程度主体为高角闪岩相,局部可达麻粒岩相,且记录了包含近等温降压退变质片段的顺时针变质作用P-T轨迹,经历了一个漫长的变质演化过程(1.97～1.80Ga),变质作用的时限跨度可达150Myr。5)提出华北克拉通南部曾经为一个统一基底,称之为"南部太古宙地块",此地块形成时间为新太古代末期(～2.5Ga)。该古老陆块经历了如下5个构造-演化阶段:(1)冥古宙-始太古代初始陆核形成;(2)中太古代-新太古代陆壳快速生长;(3)古元古代早期(～2.3Ga)岩浆活动异常活跃;(4)古元古代(2.30～1.97Ga)陆内拉伸-破裂;和(5)古元古代末期(1.97～1.80Ga)陆块最终拼合。     

Provenance and Evolution of the Guarguariiz Complex, Cordillera Frontal, Argentina

The Guarguardz Complex, basement of the Cordillera Frontal, included in the proposed Chilenia Terrane, consists of metasedimentary rocks deposited in clastic and carbonatic platforms. Turbiditic sequences point out to slope or external platform environments. According to geochemical data, the sedimentary protoliths derived through erosion of a mature cratonic continental basement. Volcanic and subvolcanic rocks with N and E-MORB signature were interbeded in the metasedimentary rocks during basin development. A compressional stage, starting with progressive deformation and metamorphism, followed this extensional stage. Continuing deformation led to the emplacement of slices of oceanic crust, conforming an accretionary prism during Late Devonian. The Guarguardz Complex and equivalent units in western Precordillera and also in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera share common evolutional stages, widely represented along the western Gondwana margin. These evidences imply that Chilenia is not an allochthonous terrane to Gondwana, but a portion of its Early Paleozoic margin. Regional configuration indicates that the Guarguardz Complex and equivalent units represent the accretionary prism of the Famatinian arc (Middle Ordovician-Late Devonian).     

Sm–Nd systematics of metaultramafic-mafic rocks from the Arroio Grande Ophiolite (Brazil): Insights on the evolution of the South Adamastor paleo-ocean

In this contribution we present new insights on the evolution of the Dom Feliciano Belt, southernmost Mantiqueira Province, integrating new whole-rock Sm–Nd isotopic data for the Arroio Grande Ophiolite (Punta del Este Terrane, Brazil/Uruguay border) with previously published bulk-rock and isotope geochemistry of the South Adamastor paleo-ocean metamafic rocks located in Uruguay (Paso del Dragón Complex, Punta del Este Terrane) and Namibia (Chameis Subterrane, Marmora Terrane, Gariep Belt). For the regional geology, the new data corroborate previous hypothesis and demonstrate the depleted mantle features of the amphibolites and metagabbros of the studied ophiolite. The Arroio Grande Ophiolite rocks are compared with its Uruguayan and Namibian counterparts, demonstrating their isotopic and geochemical similarities and differences, and the back-arc affinity of the South Adamastor paleo-ocean. The MORB-affinity amphibolites from the Arroio Grande Ophiolite-Paso del Dragón Complex are, so far, the most juvenile rocks in the eastern sector of the Dom Feliciano Belt, yielding ε_{Nd(640 ​Ma)} between +7.3 and ​+​9, and high ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd (>0.169) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(640 ​Ma) ratios (0.51219–0.51229). The South Adamastor is interpreted in this paper as an internal back-arc ocean, with limited lateral extension, opened at around 750–650 ​Ma as the result of the closure of the older Charrua-Goianide paleo-ocean during the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogenic cycle and final configuration of the West Gondwana paleocontinent.     

Sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks from NW Anatolia, Turkey

The metamorphic rocks from near Kütahya in north-west Anatolia record different stages in the history of closure of the Neo-Tethyan İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan ocean. Sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks within the Tavşanlı zone are a tectonically composite sequence of quartz–mica schists, amphibole schists, amphibolites and garnet amphibolites. They show increasing metamorphic grade towards the base of the ophiolite. A first metamorphic event, typical of sub-ophiolite metamorphic sole rocks, was characterized by high-grade assemblages, and followed by retrograde metamorphism. A second event was marked by a medium-to high-pressure overprint of the first-stage metamorphic assemblages with assemblages indicating a transition between the blueschist and greenschist facies. The chemistry of the sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks indicates an ocean island basalt origin, and Ar–Ar dating indicates a high temperature metamorphic event at 93±2 Ma. Counter-clockwise P–T–t paths recorded by the sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks are interpreted to result from intra-oceanic thrusting during the closure of the İzmir– Ankara–Erzincan ocean, initiating subduction, which formed the high-temperature assemblages. Further subduction then produced the widespread blueschists of the Tavşanlı zone during the Late Cretaceous. Later cold thrusting obducted the ophiolite (with the metamorphic sole welded to its base), ophiolitic melanges and blueschists onto the Anatolide passive margin in the latest Cretaceous. All these events pre-date the final Anatolide–Pontide continent–continent collision.     

华山太华变质杂岩中LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及角闪石40Ar/39Ar定年

太华变质杂岩出露于华北克拉通中部造山带最南缘,整体呈近东西向展布。华山地区的太华变质杂岩区岩性复杂多样,保存了至少三个阶段的变质矿物组合。本文对其中的黑云斜长片麻岩和黑云二长片麻岩中的锆石,进行了详细的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年;对斜长角闪片麻岩中的变质角闪石,进行了常规40Ar/39Ar定年。定年结果表明:(1)黑云斜长片麻岩中的碎屑锆石记录了两期(~2.3Ga和~2.5Ga)明显的岩浆事件,变质锆石记录了一期(1.87~1.85Ga)变质事件;(2)黑云二长片麻岩中的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为2.33Ga和2.31Ga,变质锆石记录的变质年龄为1.96Ga;(3)两个斜长角闪片麻岩样品中,变质角闪石的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄和等时线年龄说明,该地区经历了一期~1.8Ga的变质热事件。这些数据说明,太华变质杂岩也记录了华北克拉通东部陆块与西部陆块之间的碰撞造山过程,不过比中部造山带其它变质杂岩区记录的时间更早,变质作用持续的时间也更长。这暗示了该地区在1.96~1.80Ga期间,经历了一次比较漫长而复杂的构造-变质演化过程。     

华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底形成与演化

简要总结了华北克拉通南部鲁山地区、小秦岭地区、登封及中条山地区的早前寒武纪地质事件序列及其地质意义,并对各地区地质特征和变质演化特点进行对比。结合前人研究工作,初步探讨了华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底的演化特点、陆壳形成的主要时期和华北南部基底的构造区划等问题,提出几点认识:1)华北克拉通南部鲁山、中条山、小秦岭等地区均有2.7~2.9Ga岩石记录,以英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质(TTG)岩石为主,它们共同构成华北南缘的古老结晶基底,并经历了新太古代晚期~2.5Ga构造-热事件,标志着华北克拉通南部在新太古代末期可能已经形成统一基底;2)华北克拉通南部主要的陆壳形成时期为中太古代晚期-新太古代,与全球其他主要克拉通一致,而古元古代早-中期则以地壳再循环为主;3)综合地质、地球化学等特点,将华北南部鲁山-小秦岭地区和中条山等地区划归为"南部古陆块",并提出该陆块呈现为一个大型的倾伏向斜构造,可能在新太古代晚期已经形成,其枢纽向南东倾斜。"南部古陆块"在新太古代末期与其它微陆块拼合,并发生了变质作用和陆壳的活化与再循环,共同指示新太古代晚期华北克拉通统一基底的形成。     

Petrology and geochemistry of the Fishguard Volcanic Complex,Wales

The Fishguard Volcanic Complex represents an important volcanic episode which occurred within the Welsh sector of the British Caledonide region during early Ordovkian times. A variety of extrusive and contemporaneous intrusive rocks are present, ranging in composition from basic, through intermediate to acidic. Mineral and whole-rock chemical analyses have been determined on a representative suite of rocks from the complex and, despite secondary alteration effects, the original tholeiitic characteristics of the suite can be discerned. The variation observed is considered to result largely from low-pressure crystal fractionation, although the origin of the acidic magma remains speculative in view of subsequent extensive recrystallization. The rocks of the Fishguard Volcanic Complex formed in the Welsh Basin, which has been likened by earlier workers to a marginal basin. Comparison of the geochemical characteristics of the Fishguard Volcanic Complex with that of documented marginal basin rocks appears to favour this contention.     

Granulite complexes of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Fold Region and the Peristanovoi Belt: Age,formation conditions,and geodynamic settings of metamorphism

The available data on the age and formation conditions of the granulite complexes in the western Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Fold Region (Dambuki and Larba blocks) and the adjacent territory of the Peristanovoi Belt (Kurul’ta, Zverevsky, and Sutam blocks) are systematized. At least three Early Precambrian episodes of high-grade granulite-facies metamorphism dated at 2.85–2.83, 2.65–2.60, and 1.90–1.88 Ga are established in the geological history of the western Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Fold Region. Five granulite-facies metamorphic events are documented in the Peristanovoi Belt. The early granulite-facies metamorphism, migmatization, and emplacement of charnockite are related to the first event (2183 ± 1 Ma) in the Kurul’ta Block. The structural transformation and metamorphism of charnockite under conditions of granulite facies correspond to the second event (2708 ± 7 Ma). The enderbite belonging to the Dzhelui Complex (2627 ± 16) and charnockite of the Altual Complex (2614 ± 7 Ma) were emplaced during the third tectonic event, which was immediately followed by the emplacement of the Kalar anorthosite-charnockite complex (2623 ± 23 Ma). The first episode of Early Proterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism of the Sutam Sequence in the tectonic block of the same name was related to the fourth event, probably caused by collision of the Olekma-Aldan continental microplate and the passive margin of the Uchur continental microplate. Finally, granulite-facies metamorphism superimposed on rocks of the Kalar Complex in the Kurul’ta Block and high-pressure metamorphism in the Zverevsky and Sutam blocks (1935 ± 35 Ma) correspond to the fifth metamorphic event. The Late Archean metamorphic events are most likely related to the amalgamation and subsequent collision of the terranes which currently make up the granulite basement of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Fold Region with the Olekma-Aldan continental microplate. In the Early Proterozoic, the Aldan Shield and the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Fold Region were separated by an oceanic basin. Its closure, and the collision of the Aldan and Stanovoi continental microplates, were accompanied by granulite-facies metamorphism and led to the formation of the Peristanovoi Belt, or Peristanovoi Suture Zone. This collision suture continued functioning in the Phanerozoic (from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous) with the formation of thick shear zones and greenschist retrograde metamorphism.     

藏东吉塘变质杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

藏东羌塘地块变质基底的时代归属和构造演化一直以来存在较大争议,沿龙木错-双湖缝合带东段出露的由酉西群和吉塘群组成的吉塘变质杂岩体成为解决这一问题的理想研究对象。本文对酉西群变质岩和吉塘群变质岩进行了系统的岩石学、岩相学、地球化学及锆石年代学研究。吉塘变质杂岩体的基底主要由中-新元古代的变沉积岩组成,其中酉西群岩性主要为云母绿泥钠长片岩,吉塘群则以黑云母二长片麻岩和黑云母斜长片麻岩为主,它们具有高Si O2、高Al2O3、富Fe OT、贫碱和贫钙的特征。微量元素均显示富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Ti、Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),而Zr、Hf、Th、U等轻度富集则说明其源区更富集长英质组分而贫镁铁组分。碎屑锆石均为岩浆成因,年龄峰值范围为560～600Ma、808～865Ma、925～997Ma和1071～1119Ma,代表变质基底的年龄主要由泛非期和格林威尔造山期的构造-岩浆热事件所形成,在560Ma的沉积时代之前,源区可能发生有4次岩浆事件。地球化学特征和碎屑锆石组成指示酉西群和吉塘群原岩分别以泥砂质沉积岩和长英质粘土岩及砂砾岩等副变质岩为主。吉塘变质杂岩体所在的南羌塘地块与喜马拉雅地块和拉萨地块具有相近的物源区,故而认为南羌塘地块在中-新元古代期间可能属于冈瓦纳大陆的一部分。     

Geochemistry and timing of post-metamorphic dyke emplacement in the Mersin Ophiolite (southern Turkey): New age constraints from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

The Mersin ophiolite, which is a relic of the late Cretaceous Neotethyan ocean domain in the eastern Mediterranean, is situated on the southern flank of the central Tauride belt. The ophiolite body is cross-cut at all structural levels by numerous mafic dyke intrusions. The dykes do not intrude the underlying melange of platform carbonates. Therefore, dyke emplacement post-dates the formation of the opholite and metamorphic sole but pre-dates the final obduction onto the Tauride platform. The post-metamorphic dyke swarms suggest the geochemical characteristics of Island Arc Tholeiites (IAT). ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology of the post-metamorphic microgabbroic-diabasic dykes cutting both mantle tectonites and metamorphic sole revealed ages ranging from 89.6 ± 0.7–63.8 ± 0.9 Myr old, respectively, indicating widespread magmatic activity during the Late Cretaceous-early Palaeocene in the Neotethyan ocean. These data suggest that island arc development in the Neotethyan ocean in southern Turkey was as early as Late Cretaceous.