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山西宁武陆相二叠系-三叠系界线剖面的磁化率研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对山西宁武陆相二叠系—三叠系剖面的孙家沟组至刘家沟组磁化率的研究,发现该剖面自孙家沟组顶部的粘土岩层至刘家沟组底部,存在着明显的磁化率值升高的现象,认为该现象是由于气温升高和火山事件的影响。对比山西宁武剖面与浙江长兴海相剖面以及贵州威宁陆相剖面二叠系—三叠系界线附近的磁化率研究成果,发现三者具有很好的一致性。这表明,该磁化率值明显升高的现象具有跨区(晋、淅、黔)和跨相(陆、海)的区域性特征,可用于地层的划分和对比。根据磁化率的研究结果,建议将山西宁武剖面的二叠系—三叠系界线设在磁化率值明显升高的地方,印17层顶部纹层粉砂岩之下的粘土岩层。 相似文献
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对凤凰─茶陵地学断面重力异常,根据爆炸地震测深资料,确定密度分层,用变密度水平梯形体构制剖面密度模型,计算理论重力异常和实测布格重力异常吻合较好。根据剖面密度模型,可以合理地解释布格重力异常。并将地壳划分为沉积盖层、变质岩层、麻粒岩层三层结构,分别计算三层的重力效应曲线及上地幔低密度体重力效应曲线。还计算了莫霍面起伏引起的重力异常曲线,分析了引起地壳重力异常的各种因素及特点。 相似文献
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在实测剖面过程中,由于地形、岩层产状变化等因素的影响,剖面线往往不能垂直于岩层走向.因此,探讨一个在剖面线与岩层走向斜交时简单、迅速、准确地计算岩层厚度的方法,确实是很必要的.现提出两种方法,供同志们参考. 相似文献
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研究双线盾构隧道施工时邻近地下管线的安全性判别方法。基于Winker弹性地基梁模型,考虑管土效应,建立连续管线应变与地表沉降关系式;假设管线位移与土体位移相同,建立非连续管线接头转角与地表沉降关系式;同时考虑管线老化,定义与时间相关的折减系数,建立一种通过测量地表沉降值即可判断管线安全性的方法。当管线应变或接头转角为安全允许值时,对应的地表沉降即为控制值。施工时,若地表沉降超过该值,则表明管线存在危险。该方法将不易监测的管线状态转化为可见的地表沉降。研究结果表明:预测值与实测值的对比说明了所提方法具有可靠性;双线隧道水平间距L值对地表沉降控制值的影响非常大。当L较小时,最大值出现在两隧道中轴线处;当L较大时,最大值出现在隧道轴线上方附近处;随着L的增大,最大控制值逐渐减小。 相似文献
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通过室内特制的土壤水分入渗试验装置,分别设置上粗下细和上细下粗两种典型不同质地紫色土三角形层状剖面,探讨典型不规则层次结构的土壤入渗特性。结果显示,同一三角形层状剖面入渗,粗质土半剖面的垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度快于细质土。对于粗质土,上细下粗剖面设置下其半剖面的垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度快于上粗下细,但对于细质土,两种层状剖面设置下其垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度差异不明显。无论上粗下细,还是上细下粗,两种层状剖面对斜面湿润锋变化曲线影响不大。两种层状剖面入渗,湿润锋、入渗速率与时间均呈极显著幂函数关系。建立的紫色土典型三角形层状剖面入渗模型,经验证,模拟值与实测值具有非常好的一致性,且可与经验模型相互转换,模型参数也具有一定的物理意义。 相似文献
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从列昂托夫斯基的三个传统公式到沈忠悦的一个通用公式,使岩层真厚度计算简便得多。但沈氏公式中带有绝对值,所以当连续测量地层剖面而进行厚度累计时容易出错。虽然文朴、徐开礼讨论了负厚度问题,但仍需人工选择不同公式计算或判断正负号,甚至出现文中规定的正负号变换原则与实际情况相矛盾的情形。由此可见,岩层真厚度计算的关键问题乃是厚度值的正负问题,即负厚度的识别和负号的应用。笔者等曾规定,导线从岩层下层面往上层面方向前进时所控制的岩层厚度为正厚度,导线从岩层上层面往下层面方向前进时所控制的厚度为负厚度,并在沈忠悦公式的基础上,根据岩层面法线与导线之情况相符,选择的参数可直接取自野外实测数据,避免了过程性人工换算环节。 相似文献
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海拉尔盆地是中新生代断陷盆地,盆地内断裂发育、物源多且近、地层相带变化快、纵向多层位。这些地质特征导致海拉尔盆地岩性剖面结构复杂,不仅存在着火山熔岩和一般陆源沉积岩,且广泛发育火山过渡岩性。在岩石岩性多样纷杂、录井取心标定资料有限的前提下,如何构建合理的复杂岩性剖面已成为该盆地储层评价的关键。尽管常规测井资料在一定程度上可反映出岩层岩石颗粒成分及分布状况,同时又可提供岩层纵向上的连续变化趋势,但若给出高精度的纵向岩层岩性剖面,仍存在两项关键问题: 1)各测井项目对复杂岩性的反映能力问题, 2)沉积厚度薄、成分复杂的过渡岩性的识别问题。本文将岩层地质沉积信息作为测井资料识别岩性的约束条件,系统建立岩性剖面的有约束连续模式识别技术,实现了海拉尔盆地复杂岩性剖面的高精度构建。经过取心井的验证,综合岩性判别符合率达到80%以上。 相似文献
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Large amounts of groundwater are discharged during underground mining operations. As a result, the drawdown of groundwater, known as aquifer dewatering, is common in mining areas. Because of variability in permeability between different media in mines, mine drainage occurs primarily as non-continuous flow. However, calculations of mine water yield are usually made based on the continuous flow theory, and therefore often produce erroneous results. This study predicts the water yield of a mine using the module MODFLOW and incorporating the non-continuous flow theory into the calculation. Using this method, the predicted water yield of a mine was approximately 50 % lower than that predicted using the continuous flow theory. The model also demonstrates that the rate of mine drainage varies over time; there is initially a decrease in the rate of drainage which gradually approaches a constant value. Double level flow occurs when there is non-continuous flow in continuous media, which can effectively minimize the influence of mine drainage on upper aquifers and relieve the conflict between groundwater supply and drainage in the mining area. 相似文献
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Semi-Analytic Modelling of Subsidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a forward model for subsidence prediction caused by extraction of hydrocarbons. The model uses combinations
of analytic solutions to the visco-elastic equations, which approximate the boundary conditions. There are only a few unknown
parameters to be estimated, and, consequently, calculations are very fast. The semi-analytic model is applicable to a uniform
and layer-cake stratigraphy, with visco-elastic parameters changing per layer, and an arbitrary depletion pattern. By its
capabilities to handle a multi-layered visco-elastic subsurface, the semi-analytic model fills the gap between the analytic
single-layered elastic models available to date and the more elaborate numerical, e.g. finite element, models. 相似文献
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Roger J. Missavage Yoginder P. Chugh Thomas Roscetti 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1986,4(1):39-46
Summary A mathematical model has been developed utilizing the relative flexural strength of the strata overlying a coal seam to predict the vulnerability of shallow room and pillar mined areas to subsidence. The model assumes the failure of the immediate roof as the precursor of a subsidence event in shallow room and pillar mines. After the roof fails, either a sink hole subsidence event develops if the unconsolidated material is thin and dry; or a subsidence trough forms if the unconsolidated material is thick and wet. The model relates the Missavage number (Mn), which is dependent only on the stratigraphy and rock strength, to the extraction number, which is dependent only on the extraction ratio and maximum span of the opening. A high correlation coefficient (r=0.78) betweenMn and the extraction number for 27 subsidence events in a southern Illinois mine showed potential for using this model to delineate areas more vulnerable to subsidence. The developed and validated model was then subjected to a blind test on a 12.9 square kilometer area of an Illinois Coal Basin mine. The model successfully predicted 10 out of 12 subsidence events in the blind half of the study area and two of three additional subsidence events in the known half of the study area. 相似文献
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深部开采地表沉陷规律模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对煤矿深部开采沉陷的结构力学模型研究,提出了盆地水平煤层地表沉陷的理论预测模型,给出了整体和分步两种近似计算方法。在变动煤层开采深度和工作面长度的条件下,采用数值模拟方法对相关的数据进行了拟合计算对比,并基于现场沉陷观测数据对模型进行了验证。新模型方法结合力学模型计算得出开采沉陷预计参数,可以针对上覆岩层的力学参数对所得预测数据给出合理的力学解释,摆脱了经典预计模型概率积分法只依靠统计方法预测结果的缺陷,可为深部安全开采和地表沉陷的预测与控制,提供可靠的科学依据 相似文献
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Grout injection into bed separation to control surface subsidence during longwall mining under villages: case study of Liudian coal mine,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface subsidence can cause many environmental problems and hazards (including loss of land area and damage to buildings), and such hazards are particularly serious in coal mining districts. Injecting grout into the bed separation in the overburden has been proposed as an effective control measure against surface subsidence during longwall mining. However, no field trials of this technique have been implemented in mines under villages in China, and thus, its ability to control subsidence in such areas has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, field trials using this technique were carried out during longwall mining under villages in the Liudian coal mine, China. The maximum surface subsidence observed after the extraction was only 0.298 m, which accounts for 10 % of the mining height and is 79 % less than the predicted subsidence. Moreover, no damage occurred to the village buildings either during or after extraction and these buildings remain stable. Thus, this study represents the first successful attempt to control surface subsidence under villages in China using grout injection during longwall mining. 相似文献
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Solid backfill mining for coal pillar recovery in industrial squares has to ensure that the mine infrastructure, such as the shafts and substations, is not degraded or has its utility impaired by that mining. At the same time, it is important to recover as much coal as possible. As a result, it is necessary to predict mining subsidence during solid backfilling mining of coal pillars in industrial squares and to optimize the design of the working faces. At the Baishan coal mine in Anhiu province, China, there are thick layers of unconsolidated overburden above the coal seam so it is not appropriate to use the surface subsidence prediction method of equivalent mining height to predict subsidence during the mining of the coal pillars there. In order to find a reasonable coal pillar recovery scheme for the Baishan mine, a numerical simulation method is used to determine the relationships between the compression ratio of the backfilling material and the surface subsidence prediction parameters. Research was done to determine the appropriate parameters, and based on the final prediction parameters and taking the mandated protection standards for buildings and structures into account, surface subsidence is predicted and a backfill mining scheme for pillar recovery is proposed. The results show that of the six mining schemes considered, scheme 5 is the best scheme for coal pillar recovery in the industrial square at the Baishan mine. The research results are significant for similar mines with thick unconsolidated overburden anywhere in the world. 相似文献
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贵州是我国主要煤炭产地之一, 成本与地方条件的限制使贵州贞丰县山区出现大量的非法小煤窑, 其大多开采一年、半年便废弃煤矿, 调查其地下开采范围对矿区生态修复、土地资源再利用、煤矿越界开采监测等有一定意义。本文利用升、降轨观测共16期3 m空间分辨率的L波段PALSAR-2影像为数据源, 在贵州省贞丰县采用InSAR技术对煤矿采空区开展了短期动态地表沉降监测, 结合研究区地质条件、地下开采条件、开采时间、范围等信息, 计算了该地区煤矿开采沉陷影响角的规律与变形时间滞后关系; 而后利用上述参数及地表变形信息, 在其附近一处废弃煤矿, 对其地下采空范围及开采时间进行反演:(1)研究区煤炭开采走向影响角为83°、上山影响角75°、下山影响角80°, 地表变形时间与地下开采时间差约1个月; (2)计算反演出研究区废弃煤矿地下开采范围为380 m×150 m; (3)在反演煤矿采区, 对比FLAC3D数值模拟计算结果和野外现场调查, 验证了InSAR计算结果基本准确, 验证了此方法对煤矿采区反演的合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
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Ground subsidence induced by extraction of coal seam belowground brings about changes in territorial environment. This occurs in two forms, namely, trough and pot-hole subsidence. Pot-hole subsidence is extremely hazardous as it does not give any prior indication before its occurrence. Several pot-holes have occurred in the recent past in the coal mines of South Eastern Coalfields Limited and called for a specific study to develop an in-depth understanding of various parameters influencing the pot-hole occurrence for formulating the basis of different predictive models. These critical parameters have been compiled and analysed for seven mines located in different areas of SECL, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited. Multiple regression and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were used for the preparation of the predictive models to calculate pot-hole depth under different conditions. Different conditions considered in the study are development and depillaring, presence and absence of faults and water bodies. This paper presents the results of the studies carried out in Indian mines representing different geo-mining conditions along with the pot-hole depth prediction models developed. The developed models were validated for a few new cases with the model results matching (within 10 % error in the case of ANN model) with the actual pot-hole depth measured. More varied data sets can fine tune the developed models further. 相似文献
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近年来输气管道工程的大规模建设,其不可避免地要通过一些煤矿采空沉陷区和地质构造复杂区域。煤矿采空沉陷区的地表移动变形必然会使上覆的输气管道发生变形、甚至破坏,因此,分析与预测煤矿采空区地埋输气管道的安全性具有重要意义。本文以西气东输一线为例,依据弹性理论分析计算,当管道下伏分别为土体和岩体时,输气管道破坏时的岩土体垮塌宽度,并统计在垮塌影响范围一定的条件下,岩土体垮塌宽度与管道变形及最小曲率半径之间的规律。结果表明,管道的弯曲变形与垮塌宽度之间呈递增关系。 相似文献