Phytoplankton of the Barents Sea at the Polar Front in Spring

Oceanology - This paper describes the comprehensive studies of phytoplankton carried out in April 2018 in the northwestern Barents Sea, in the Polar Front region (74.8°–76.2° N), at...     

2001年冬季渤海的浮游植物群落结构特征

研究了2001年冬季覆盖渤海56个测站的浮游植物物种及其群落特征。共发现浮游植物3门37属72种(不包括未定名物种)。物种主要以温带近岸型硅藻为主，优势种主要尖刺伪菱形藻、浮动弯角藻、偏心圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻(Parnlia sulcata)和环纹劳德藻。其中的尖刺伪菱形藻、偏心圆筛藻和具槽帕拉藻是冬季渤海浮游植物的关键种。分析认为：细胞丰度的平面分布由浮游硅藻的分布所决定。同1983年同期资料相比发现，优势种没有较大变化，但其优势程度顺序和细胞丰度发生了一定的改变，整个浮游植物群落的细胞丰度有大幅度增加。冬季渤海浮游植物群落的多样性程度是低的。     

北黄海北部近岸海域网采浮游植物群落结构

研究北黄海北部近岸海域浮游植物群落结构季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系。2008年5月(春季)-2009年2月(冬季)在北黄海北部近岸海域(39.5°~39.8°N、123.0°~123.45°E)进行4个季节海上浮游植物调查,共鉴定出浮游植物80种,4季共有种类10种。调查海域优势种类较多,优势种类季节变化明显,夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)、伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)和丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)分别是季节第一优势种。全年浮游植物细胞丰度平均为54279.3×104/m3,呈现典型的交叉双峰模式,夏冬季明显高于春秋季,春季是细胞丰度最小的季节。多样性指数H′均值为2.4941,表现为秋季冬季春季夏季;均匀度指数均值为0.640 8,表现为秋季春季冬季夏季。营养盐结构分析显示春夏季表现为潜在P限制,秋冬季表现为潜在N限制,N:P是决定优势群落种类的关键因素之一。冗余分析(RDA)分析结果表明,盐度(S)、悬浮物(SS)、磷酸盐(DIP)和无机氮(DIN)是影响浮游植物种类组成和丰度的关键环境因子。     

二百年来黄海浮游植物群落结构变化的生物标志物记录

对位于南黄海的柱状样10694进行了生物标志物分析,利用其生物标志物含量及比例变化重建了黄海过去210 a来的浮游植物生产力及群落结构变化.结果表明10694站位在过去100 a来生产力有上升的趋势,而这种趋势在过去40 a来尤为明显,浮游植物群落结构在过去100 a中有硅藻比例上升-甲藻比例下降的趋势.通过与近期历史资料的对比,得出初步结论:黄海过去100 a生产力上升及硅藻比例增加主要是与东亚冬季风和ENSO增强有关.结果表明,可以用生物标志物法重建过去百年来中国近海生态变化,并可以初步区分自然气候变化和人类活动对近海生态系统演变的影响.     

春季南黄海、东海浮游植物群落结构与环境因子

2017年春季(04-20—05-09)在南黄海和东海海域(119°30′～125°00′E,26°00′～36°00′N)67个站位进行水文、化学和生物的综合调查,使用水采方法研究调查海域的浮游植物群落结构,并将群落数据与环境因子(温度、盐度和营养盐)进行相关性分析。调查中共鉴定出浮游植物4门55属146种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,还有少量的金藻和蓝藻,生态类型以温带近岸性和广布性物种为主。优势物种组成方面,南黄海和东海海域存在差异,其中南黄海海域优势物种为诺氏海链藻(Thalassiosira nordenskioldii)、太平洋海链藻(Thalassiosira pacifica)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)和具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)等,东海海域优势物种为柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)和具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)等。调查区浮游植物细胞丰度为(0.07～547.87)×10~3个/L,平均值为29.45×10~3个/L,高值区集中在南黄海中部和闽浙沿岸区域,其中在南黄海中部的10～30 m水层发生硅藻水华。与环境因子的相关性分析表明,南黄海海域浮游植物细胞丰度与硅酸盐和磷酸盐浓度呈现显著正相关性,与其他环境因子相关性不明显;东海海域浮游植物细胞丰度与温度和盐度呈现显著负相关性,与硅酸盐、铵盐和硝酸盐浓度呈现显著正相关性。调查区香侬-威纳多样性指数介于1.05～4.86,平均值为2.48,高值区出现在调查区的北部近岸区域;Pielou均匀度指数介于0.02～0.97,平均值为0.57,高值区集中在南黄海北部近岸区域和东海外侧区域。     

Facies system of the Eastern Barents Sea since the last glaciation to present

Twenty-two sediment cores raised from the central and eastern parts of the Barents Sea have been studied to reconstruct the evolution of the facies system since the Late Weichselian glaciation. Multiproxy records reveal four lithostratigraphic units, which reflect major development stages of paleoenvironments. Age control is provided by 23 AMS ¹⁴C dates for Holocene sections of four cores. Continental moraine deposits of the last glaciation are overlain by proximal glaciomarine facies of the initial deglaciation phase. During this phase, the Barents Sea ice sheet detached from the ground resulting in seawater penetration into troughs, iceberg calving, deposition of IRD and fine-grained glacier meltwater load in newly formed marine basins. The main deglaciation phase is characterized by pulsed sedimentation from various gravity flows resulting in accumulation of distal glaciomarine facies comprising laminated clay and sand sequences with minor IRD. Redistribution of fine-grained suspended matter by bottom currents and brine-induced nepheloid flows combined with biogenic processes and minor ice rafting caused facies diversity of the Holocene marine sediments. The Holocene facies of shelf depressions reflect rather high, but variable productivity responding to climate changes and variations of Atlantic water inflow into the Barents Sea.     

南海三沙永乐龙洞及邻近海域浮游植物群落结构

南海"三沙永乐龙洞"是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,具有独特的结构和科学研究价值。根据2017年5月中旬—2017年6月上旬对永乐龙洞及其邻近海域的综合科学考察数据和资料,对龙洞内外浮游植物群落结构进行了比较研究。研究海域水采和网采浮游植物样品共鉴定出浮游植物166种,生态类型以广温广布型类群和热带暖水性类群为主,物种数和细胞丰度以硅藻(103种)和甲藻(57种)占主导,其它包括金藻(2种)、绿藻(2种)和蓝藻(2种)。永乐龙洞内浮游植物有63种,细胞丰度平均值为3.02×10~3个·L~(-1),主要优势种为菱形藻(Nitzschia spp.)、新月柱鞘藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)等,种类多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为2.02和0.76;洞外深海区浮游植物有130种,细胞丰度平均值为1.89×10~3个·L~(-1),主要优势种为菱形藻(Nitzschia spp.)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros spp.)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)和伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)等,种类多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为3.13和0.87。浮游植物主要分布于光照条件较好的上层水体,细胞丰度高值对应于叶绿素a次表层最大值所在水层。Jaccard相似性指数表明永乐龙洞内与洞外深海区浮游植物种类组成有差异,主要体现在永乐龙洞内浮游植物物种数和多样性指数显著低于洞外深海区的。洞内外海水的有限连通性可能是永乐龙洞内外浮游植物群落差异的重要原因。     

霞浦长表岛附近海域浮游植物群落特征与环境因子分析

为了进一步了解霞浦长表岛附近海域浮游植物群落特征,文章利用2019年5月(春季)、9月(夏季)、12月(秋季)和2020年2月(冬季)4个航次调查的浮游植物和水环境数据,分析了浮游植物群落结构特征,通过冗余性分析(RDA)研究了影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,结果共鉴定出浮游植物4门60属170种,其中硅藻48属131种,甲藻10属26种,蓝藻1属2种,金藻1属1种。浮游植物以近岸广温广盐种和暖水种为主,全年优势种有13种,春季以东海原甲藻和夜光藻为主,夏季、秋季和冬季以中肋骨条藻和琼氏圆筛藻为主。浮游植物丰度在空间分布上整体呈现近岸高、远岸低、南部低、北部高的趋势特点。RDA和Person相关性分析表明,浮游植物丰度的季节动态变化主要受水温影响;春季和夏季适宜的温度与营养盐促进了浮游植物的大量增长,秋季和冬季则主要受到温度的影响。浮游植物大量繁殖增长甚至暴发出现在春季和夏季,霞浦长表岛海域滨海核电应在春季和夏季重点加强该海域赤潮灾害的监测预警。     

黄骅海域浮游植物群落结构的季节变化

2010年在黄骅海域进行浮游植物和理化环境的4个季度的生态调查.共发现浮游植物3门28属75种,其中赤潮种34种,种类数量的季节变化为秋季(2010-10)＞冬季(2010-12)＞夏季(2010-08)＞春季(2010-04).浮游植物生态类型可划分为广温近岸类群、暖水类群和暖温类群,广温近岸类群是浮游植物的优势类群.浮游植物细胞数量的季节变动范围为(46.42×104～190.68×104)个/m3,季节变化为秋季＞夏季＞春季＞冬季,浮游植物数量的季节变化呈单峰特征,硅藻是浮游植物的优势种群.Jacard相似度指数的范围为0.19～0.42,季节更替明显.夏季浮游植物细胞数量与磷酸盐显著正相关,相关系数为0.548(p＜0.05),地表径流是浮游植物细胞数量的重要影响因素.秋季浮游植物细胞数量与温度极显著负相关,相关系数-0.744(p＜0.01);与无机氮显著相关,相关系数0.482.温度和无机氮是影响浮游植物数量的因素.     

铁对自然群落浮游植物生长的影响

利用室内加铁实验,研究了铁对胶州湾自然群落浮游植物生长的影响。实验结果显示,加入铁的浓度在5×10-8mol时,实验第7天的总细胞数量和叶绿素a含量分别比不加铁的对照组增加了5.9倍和3.7倍。加入铁的浓度增加10倍,达5×10-7mol时,浮游植物的生长速度更快,实验第5天的细胞数量和叶绿素a含量是对照组的34.9倍和16.1倍。浮游植物优势种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)在加铁浓度为5×10-7mol时,第5天达最高峰,而在加铁浓度为5×10-8mol和对照实验组,细胞数量达到高峰的时间推后了2d,新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosterium)在中肋骨条藻衰败后成为优势种。     

2008年春季东海近海浮游植物群落

根据2008年春季对东海产卵场及邻近水域的33个大面站位的调查,对春季东海产卵场及邻近水域的浮游植物群落进行了研究。通过Utermhl方法对调查区样品的初步分析,共鉴定浮游植物4门66属155种(不包括未定名种),硅藻占主要优势,甲藻在物种组成上也占有重要的地位。浮游植物生态类型主要以温带近岸种为主,少数为暖水种和大洋种,主要的优势种为具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costa-tum)、锥状斯比藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)。调查区浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.311~22 273.15×103cell/L,平均为266.36×103cell/L。在表层水体,浮游植物细胞丰度由近岸向外海逐渐降低,在长江口门附近存在高值区,杭州湾南部存在另一个次高值区;在垂直方向上,细胞丰度随着深度的增加而降低,高值存在表层。调查水域表层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数的分布基本一致,在调查区域长江口门附近和杭州湾南部的多样性水平较低。     

Coastal dynamics at the Barents and Kara Sea key sites

The results of permafrost and coastal dynamics investigations at four key sites on the shores of the Kara and Barents Seas are discussed. Three ACD key sites, Marre-Sale, Shpindler, and Kolguev, characterize areas with active thermal erosion; key site Cape Bolvansky is found on a relatively stable coast. It is found that the coastal retreat rate has spatial and temporal variability, which is typical of the entire Arctic coast. Coastal deposits on the Kara and Barents Seas have a low organic carbon content. Annual input of material into the Kara Sea resulting from coastal degradation reaches 35–40 million t, including about 7.5 million t of ice, 0.35 million t of organic carbon, and 0.3 million t of soluble salts.This revised version was published online January 2005 with corrections to the title of the article.     

长江干流浮游植物群落结构的DGGE分析

本文运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)对长江干流2006年4月(平水期)及9月(丰水期)的25个站位的浮游植物生物多样性进行了研究,对浮游植物的总体分布格局进行了探讨,并运用典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)对浮游植物多样性与理化因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,各站位的浮游植物均呈现较高生物多样性;基于物种组成的聚类结果很好地反映了各站位的空间分布格局;4月浮游植物的组成与硅酸盐和悬浮颗粒物的浓度相关性较大,而9月则主要受硅酸盐和氨氮的影响较大。     

HPLC色素分析技术在海洋浮游植物群落结构研究中的应用

高效液相色谱技术(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)是一项成熟的分离分析技术。本文综述了基于HPLC的色素分析技术在浮游植物群落结构研究中的应用历程。对这一技术在野外采样、样品预处理、色谱信息获得以及数据处理等环节的要求进行了详细描述,并结合相关研究进行了HPLC方法与其他方法的对比。介绍并讨论了此项技术面临的问题、最新进展及今后的发展趋势。     

Evolution of the western Barents Sea

Information from multichannel seismic reflection data complemented by seismic refraction, gravity and magnetics forms the basis for a regional structural and evolutionary model of the western Barents Sea during post-Caledonian times. The western Barents Sea contains a thick succession, locally > 10 km, of Upper Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary rocks covering a basement of probably Caledonian origin. The area is divided into three regional geological provinces: (1) an east-west trending basinal province between 74°N and the coast of Norway; (2) an elevated platform area to the north towards Svalbard; and (3) the western continental margin. Several structural elements of different origin and age have been mapped within each of these provinces. The main stratigraphic sequence boundaries have been tentatively dated from available well information, correlation with the geology of adjacent areas, and correlation with the interregional unconformities caused by relative changes of sea level. The main structural elements were developed during three major post-Caledonian tectonic phases: the Svalbardian phase in Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous times, the Mid and Late Kimmerian phase in Mid Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times and Cenozoic tectonism related to the progressive northward opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. The sediments are predicted to be of mainly clastic origin except for a thick sequence of Middle Carboniferous — Lower Permian carbonates and evaporites. Salt diapirs have developed in several sub-basins, especially in the Nordkapp Basin where they form continuous salt walls that have pierced through > 7 km of sediments.     

Wave-ice interaction in the North-West Barents Sea

The results of field work on drift ice during wave propagation are analyzed and presented. The field work was performed in the Barents Sea, and the main focus of the paper is on wave processes in the MIZ. A model of wave damping in broken ice is formulated and applied to interpret the field work results. It is confirmed that waves of higher frequencies are subjected to stronger damping when they propagate below the ice. This reduces the frequency of most energetic wave with increasing distance from the ice edge. Difference of wave spectra measured in two relatively close locations within the MIZ is discussed. The complicated geometry and dynamics of the MIZ in the North-West Barents Sea allow waves from the Atlantic Ocean and south regions of the Barents Sea to penetrate into different locations of the MIZ.     

北极巴伦支海海冰多年变化特征研究

本文采用2003～2016年SSMI海冰密集度和NCEP气温、风场等数据,通过计算海冰覆盖率、增长期长度、冬季负积温和风拖曳力等参数,分析了巴伦支海海冰的变化特征及其与热力、动力影响因素之间的联系。结果显示,因西南部存在常年无冰区,巴伦支海14a平均的海冰覆盖率低于50%;覆盖率总体呈现下降趋势,冰情呈现"重—中等—轻"的变化过程,2012年后甚至出现夏季无冰的情况;增长期长度先增后减,起止时刻均有推迟;冬季负积温是影响巴伦支海冰情轻重的重要因素,与年平均海冰覆盖率距平和最大覆盖率的相关系数分别为-0.90和-0.89;风拖曳力的改变可在短期内引起海冰覆盖率急剧变化,是海冰边缘区产生流冰的主要原因,易对油气资源开发的海洋平台产生危害。     

Distribution and Feeding of Dominant Zooplankton Species under Autumn Coccolithophorid Development in the Eastern Part of the Barents Sea

Oceanology - Studies of zooplankton spatial distribution and feeding were conducted in the eastern part of the Barents Sea in early October 2014. The study period was characterized by positive...