Sources of Coastal Water Pollution near Sevastopol

Oceanology - The article presents findings of recent ecological investigations into marine waters in Sevastopol region and overviews the main sources of water pollution in Sevastopol Bay and other...     

Mercury in White Sea Bottom Sediments: Distribution,Sources, and Deposition Chronology

Oceanology - For the first time, vertical and lateral distribution patterns of mercury in White Sea bottom sediments have been determined. An abrupt change in the nature of mercury concentrations...     

Sources of Bottom Sediments in the Eastern Part of East Siberian Sea (Reconstruction from Geochemical Data)

Oceanology - Based on analytical materials obtained in 2008 an the expedition of the R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentiev along a regional gas-geochemical profile stretching 550 km from Billings...     

Chemical Associations of Heavy Metals in the Sediments near Bailonggang Sewage Discharge Outlet of Shanghai

The five chemical associations ofheavy metals have been extracted continuously using the Tessier extracting method.Results show that Cu,Pb,Fe,Zn and Cr in the sediments are mainly distributed in residual fraction,while the major chemical association of Mn is carbonates.Carbonate heavy metals are converted into Fe-Mn oxides in autunm.And in the low tidal flat,after carbonates have changed into ionic heavy metals,some of the elements are transported to the overlying water,Cu,Pb,Fe and Mn have good correlations with each other,and Zn,Cr also show their similarity of chemical behavior in the sediments.     

Components of Oil Pollution in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Northeastern Part of the Russian Black Sea Region

Oceanology - The results of studies of oil pollution (by the sum of hydrocarbons and resinous substances) of water and bottom sediments in the northeast Black Sea in spring and autumn are...     

Pollutant Accumulation Areas in Barents Sea Bottom Sediments

Oceanology - The issue of identifying pollutant accumulation areas in Barents Sea sediments was considered based on years-long research (2002–2018) conducted by PINRO. GIS technology and...     

A New Technology of Coring for Bottom Soft Sediments

Oceanology - A new technology for coring of weakly consolidated sediment is proposed. The technology includes the original coring system and the way it is operated. The technology is based on a...     

近岸海域的沉积物污染研究

分析了近岸海域沉积物中污染物质的来源及传输途径;提出了污染物在沉积物一水界面的迁移转换模型;综述污染物的迁移转化机理及污染物的修复方法;评述各种修复方法的使用范围及存在的问题。指出我国必须加快展开沉积物污染的相关研究,不要走发达国家先污染后治理的老路。     

Grain Size Properties of the Bottom Sediments from Buor-Khaya Bay

Oceanology - The paper presents the results of grain size analysis of bottom sediments and subsea permafrost from three cores drilled in Buor-Khaya Bay. A pronounced lithologic differentiation of...     

Features of Bitumoid Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the Barents Sea

Oceanology - The results on the content, composition, and distribution of chloroform bitumoids (CBs) in the Holocene sediments of the Barents Sea are presented (Cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik...     

确定海洋沉积物中污染物来源的方法-多变量主成分分析方法

排入海洋环境中的大多数化学制品的地球化学循环过程与其所在的沉积物有很大的联系 ,这些沉积物可以与污染物相混合并通过它们在水中的运动搅动输运这些污染物从而使污染效果扩大。沉积物运动所产生的影响在河口浅水区域尤其突出。因此 ,已经广泛应用沉积物来确定污染物的来源、测定它们的浓度范围、判断水生系统的环境质量。与大陆边缘和河口环境污染相关的问题之一就是对污染物来源的确定。KrumgalzBS (1 993 )和HopkePK(1 983 )对区域性海洋环境中的这个问题进行过讨论 ,他们都是以假设为基础 ,假设如果任意一个特定地区的相同来源的…     

海洋沉积物中碳的来源、迁移和转化

人类活动每年向大气排放的CO2约为65亿t，其中留在大气中的约占50%，大洋吸收约16亿-20亿t，陆地生态系统大约吸收0.7亿~1.4亿t(Bates，2001；Battle et al.，2000),还有大约13亿t找不到去处，称为大气CO2丢失项，而陆架边缘海有可能是这丢失项的去处。近海沉积物是大气二氧化碳的接受者，同时当条件合适时沉积物中的碳又可被释放重新进入水体乃至大气中，是碳循环中的重要源与汇，因此海洋沉积物在碳循环中的作用是全球碳循环的一个关键环节。虽然近十年来这方面的研究已经引起众多学者的关注，对沉积物中的碳循环进行了较大量的研究，取得了一系列成果，但海洋沉积物在碳循环中的作用和过程至今并未查清，具体体现在海洋沉积物在海洋碳循环中起什么作用？起多大作用？在哪些方面影响和控制海洋碳循环？这些均需要科学家们长期的艰苦努力，以便在更深入、更系统和更高层次上研究解决困扰当今人类的涉及碳循环这一重大环境科学问题。 海洋沉积物为海洋环境中的一个主要研究对象，其中的碳与水体-生物体以及大气、入海河流等进行着不间断的交换、大气中的气体碳经过复杂的海洋生物地球化学过程转化为水体中的溶解碳，再变为颗粒碳，经沉降最终形成沉积物，在适宜的条件下上述的反过程同样会发生。因此，研究海洋沉积物中的碳在其循环中的作用是非常困难的。碳是最主要的生源要素，更是生命活动能流、物流中最重要的元素，几乎所有的生物地球化学循环过程都与它有关，因而有关碳循环的研究是目前全球变化研究的热点。许多国际研究计划均以此为核心研究内容。如国际地圈与生物圈计划(IGBP)中的全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)、全球生态系统动力学(GLOBEC)以及上层海洋与低层大气研究计划(SOLAS)等(唐启升，2001；宋金明，2000)。碳循环研究以 JGOFS计划2001年基本结束为标志，通过近十几年的研究，取得了丰硕的成果，系统了解了海洋循环的过程及界面碳通量，对全球碳循环也有了一个初步的了解。为进一步深入开展这方面的研究作者从海洋沉积物中碳的形态与来源、海水及颗粒物中碳与沉积物碳的关系、表层沉积物再悬浮对碳循环的影响以及沉积物中碳的早期成岩作用等几个方面阐述了海洋沉积物中碳循环目前的研究进展。     

套管短口袋技术的应用探讨

介绍了短口袋技术可以提高固井质量及避免钻井掉块等优点,阐述了保证井身质量优良、井底少沉沙、套管长度与井眼深度的一致和套管居中等使用短口袋的技术要求.通过该技术在埕北古A井的应用,说明优选钻具组合和钻进参数,使用优质钻井液、通井和套管居中等技术措施可以满足要求,并成功地实现套管短口袋.     

侧扫声纳在护底工程软体排检测中的应用

介绍了Edge Tech 4100-P型侧扫声纳系统的技术指标和工作原理。根据水下潜堤护底工程软体排的铺排特点,侧扫声纳系统可以高效地探测出海底面以上相邻的软体排结构物的拼接和叠加情况,同时还可以根据侧扫声纳图像判断软体排有无破损及破损后填充物流失情况,评估水下潜堤护底工程的安全系数。通过实例说明了侧扫声纳在软体排检测的外业工作流程,以及内业图像识别与分析,探讨侧扫声纳系统在水下水工结构物探测的应用前景。     

郑州市河道沉积物中微塑料的污染特征

本文以郑州市主要河道沉积物为研究对象,利用密度浮选法分离提取沉积物中的微塑料,采用显微镜及傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪(μ-FTIR)分析微塑料的丰度、组成、形状、尺寸分布特征.结果表明:郑州市7条主要河道沉积物中微塑料丰度为(以干重计):(2412±188)～(7638±1312)个·kg-1,平均丰度为(以干重计):(...     

Oxygen and Sulfides in Bottom Sediments of the Coastal Sevastopol Region of Crimea

Spatial variations in the distribution and fluxes of dissolved oxygen and sulfide in bottom sediments of Omega and Sevastopol bays have been studied. The results of analysis reveal that the distribution of dissolved oxygen and sulfide in pore water depends mostly on seasonal variations in the oxygen concentration in bottom water, grain size, the organic carbon content in bottom sediments, and, additionally for Sevastopol Bay, the iron content. The oxygen flux at the bottom of Sevastopol Bay is 20 times larger in winter–spring compared to that of Omega Bay. Anaerobic conditions in Sevastopol Bay sediments are observed much closer to the surface, with their subsequent development in bottom water.     

Seasonal Dynamics of Microbial Processes in Bottom Sediments of the Sevastopol Coastal Area

Oceanology - A seasonal study of microbial methane oxidation (MO) and sulfate reduction (SR) processes in bottom sediments was carried out at five stations in the estuarian Sevastopol coastal area,...     

渤海湾潮间带(大沽口)柱状沉积物中的重金属来源判别

采用因子分析法对2003年11月采自渤海湾潮间带(大沽口)柱状沉积物中的重金属含量数据进行了分析,提取出的三个主要因子占据重金属含量样本信息量的83.69%,以此定量判别出重金属的来源方式和富集原因。并有效采用Li和Sc作为污染重金属的参照元素,以这两种元素含量比值的自然对数和目标元素与Sc的比值的自然对数做比率散点图的方法验证了因子分析所得的结论。结果表明,Cd,Zn和As以人类活动输入为主,Pb,Cr,Hg受到一定人为输入影响,但仍以环境背景贡献为主,Cu,Al,Fe,Ni以自然来源为主。     

Hydrocarbons in the Surface Layer of Bottom Sediments in the Northwestern Caspian Sea

The paper presents research results on the concentrations and compositions of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface layer of bottom sediments in the Northwestern Caspian Sea (2014) and compares them to data for sediments of the Middle and Southern Caspian (2012–2013). The seepage of hydrocarbons out of the sediment mass, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons per dry weight (up to 468 μg/g), as well as within the C_org composition (up to 35.2%), is considered the main source of hydrocarbons in sediments in the surveyed area of the Northern Caspian. This is also confirmed by the absence of any correlation between the hydrocarbon and C_org distributions, as well as by the transformed oil composition of high-molecular alkanes. The distribution of markers within polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons points to a mixed genesis—petrogenic and pyrogenic—with prevalence of the latter. Unlike the shallow-water northern part of the Caspian Sea, the content and composition of hydrocarbons in deep-seated sediments are affected by facial conditions of sedimentation and by matter exchange at the water–bottom interface. Therefore, despite high C_org concentrations (up to 9.9%), sediments in deep-water depressions are characterized by a quite low concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons (52 μg/g on average; 0.2% of C_org) with prevailing natural allochthonous alkanes.     

Spread of Pollution from a Bottom Source in the Norwegian Sea

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Simulations of the spread of radioactive contamination (RC) with cesium-137 (137Cs) as a passive impurity were performed using the Institute of...