Water Consumption and Sanitation in the Municipalities of the Republic of Crimea and City of Sevastopol: Current Status and Problems

Water Resources - Statistical data on water intake from sources, its use for various needs, and the discharge of wastewater and pollutants in the Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol for...     

Groundwater Resources and Their Role in Water Supply to Crimea

The processes of formation and distribution of the resources of fresh groundwater and surface water in the territory of Crimea Peninsula are considered. Water availability in the natural–historic and administrative regions of the republic is characterized. The proportions between different categories of groundwater resources are shown with their role in water supply to Crimea taken into account. The presentday development of groundwater resources is analyzed and the possible increase in water consumption meeting geoecological requirements is substantiated.     

Water Safety of the Steppe Crimea and the Possible Ways to Its Improvement

Water Resources - The level of water safety of the Steppe Crimea has been analyzed. The water safety has been shown to be mostly determined by the water availability in the fields of agricultural...     

Rational Water Use in the Republic of Crimea: Significance,Limitations, and Approaches to Achieve

Water Resources - The aggravating deficiency of water resources in the Republic of Crimea emphasizes the necessity of their rational use. As this should be based on the rational water policy, this...     

Hydrobiological Investigations of the Water Quality of the Water Supply Reservoirs Husinec and Římov

The two eutrophicated reservoirs Husinec (2.6 km³, 35 ha, z_max 18 m, MQ 1.87 m^3/s) and ?ímov (34.5 hm³, 216 ha, z_max 44 m, MQ 4.14 m^3/s) show concentrations of total phosphorus of 10… 50 mg/m³ and chlorophyll contents of 7… 36 mg/m³ in the summer season. For both reservoirs a good correlation exists between the chlorophyll concentration and the density of the phytoplankton (20 · 10³… 13 · 10⁶ ind./l). With average concentrations of 10… 20 mg/m³ chlorophyll a in summer, the water can be treated for producing drinking water only at a higher expenditure. The water quality will be improved by a reduction of the phosphorus load.     

Quality Problems of Surface Water and Groundwater at the Health Resorts in the Regions of Caucasian Mineral Waters and Ways to Their Solution

Water Resources - The results of long-term environmental monitoring of small rivers in a health resort region are given. The characteristic of surface water and groundwater of health resorts of...     

Water-Management and Environmental Problems of the Lower Volga and Ways to Their Solution

The key water-management and environmental problems of the Lower Volga are considered. The items discussed include the characteristics of intake and utilization of water resources and wastewater discharges in Lower Volga Region from 1990 to 2013. The current state of the key participants of water management complex is analyzed. The quality of Lower Volga water and ecosystems is shown, and the problems of maintaining the biodiversity are discussed. The key regional programs pertaining to the rational use and protection of water resources, as well as the development of water-management complex are considered.     

当前地震预报面临的主要科学问题、解决的科学思路、技术途径及建议

地震预测，尤其是短临地震预测是当代自然科学的一个世界性科学难题。文章总结归纳了当前地震预报面临的主要科学问题；提出了突破地震预报难关的科学思路和技术途径，以及今后开展地震预报研究的建议。     

Methane and the Microbiological Processes of Its Transformations in the Water of the Upper Volga Reservoirs

Specific features of CH₄ distribution and the extent of its transformations in the water of reservoirs in the Upper Volga basin are considered. Methanogenesis was detected in water at some stations. The quantitative characteristics of CH₄ and methane oxidation are shown to correlate with the environmental conditions of the reservoir.     

Application of Principles of the Theory of Information in Management of Reservoirs and Water Resource Systems

Using principles of the theory of information (especially, the notion of entropy), it is proved (the working hypothesis) that additional information in the so-called adaptive management of reservoirs or water resource systems, based on adapting operative management to real conditions, in most cases allows one not only to minimize the overall economic damage resulting from shortage in projected water supply, but also to decrease the entropy of water management processes describing the behavior of these systems. The analysis has been carried out for the hydrological conditions of several reservoirs of seasonal and year-to-year regulation in the Czech Republic.     

河北邢台水位抬升现象的水化学成因分析

2018年9月以来,河北省邢台市出现了地下水位大幅回升、多口干涸泉眼复涌等宏观异常现象。为判定异常现象是否与区域内构造活动和地下应力改变有关,2019年4～6月进行了3期现场调查,并对3口灌溉井和6处地表水进行水样采集,分析了水化学离子浓度和氢氧稳定同位素等水化学数据。结果表明,3口灌溉井具有地表水的特征,补给来源相似且与地下水存在一定的水力联系;受区域煤矿资源丰富及人类活动的影响,水体中富含SO_4~(2-)离子。结合异常出现前的生态补水资料,分析认为2018年9月以来河北省邢台市水位抬升现象可能是由邢台地区生态补水引起的,与区域内构造活动和地下应力改变没有直接联系,排除其是地震宏观前兆的可能。     

Studying the Applicability of Splines to the Formalization of Hydrological Processes in Water Management Problems

The applicability of cubic splines for the identification of different hydrological processes is considered. This technique is used to construct a model of runoff transformation for fragments of the Volga basin. Analysis of the obtained results is given.     

Relationships between the Concentrations of Phyto-Pigments,Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Bottom Deposits of Water Reservoirs

Samples characterizing the horizontal distribution of bottom deposits of different types in the Upper Volga reservoirs were used to study the statistical relationship between the indicators of the potential and actual trophy of water bodies. These indicators are the amount of biogenic elements (the total nitrogen and phosphorus) and phyto-pigments (in the dry and wet masses of soil and in its organic fraction). The relationship between the above indicators for the channel deposits from the Upper Volga reservoirs and for the deposits in the lake hollows is found to he linear.     

An Analysis on the Trend of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Dongying City,China

Water Resources - Dongying City is located in the northeast of Shandong Province and is the central city of the Yellow River Delta. It has abundant oil and gas resources, vast saline-alkali land...     

苏州金鸡湖水环境治理工程的环境经济分析

对苏州金鸡湖水环境综合治理的环境效益和经济费用进行了综合分析,得出：工程建成运行后的金鸡湖及周边河道的水质基本可达国家地面水Ⅲ类水标准。金湖鸡水环境治理工程建成运行后费用约为0.92元/m^3-1.62元/m^3之间,若考虑金鸡湖水环境改善后地价的价值、旅游收入的增加,金鸡湖水环境治理的经济费用还会降低。总体来看,该项工程环境及社会效益比较明显,经济费用也在比较合理的范围内。     

Simulation of Phytoplankton Community Transformations in the Ivankovo and Rybinsk Reservoirs: Graphical Analysis

Water Resources - The paper describes a method of graphical analysis developed for freshwater ecosystems. The method was first used to analyze the structure of phytoplankton communities in the...     

海南琼海加积井水位受万泉河水位的影响及震例分析

利用逐步回归法分析了琼海加积井受万泉河水影响的各因素,可知地下井水受河水的影响,其距离越近影响越大;在日均值数据背景下,相比固体潮、气压、降雨量,河水位对井水位的影响最大;河流潮汐与固体潮汐效应,以及河水位对地下井水影响的滞后时间在不同时期下是不同的。以2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震为震例分析背景,得出井水位与万泉河水位小波细节3阶中在震前或震后均有较显著的震兆异常反应,值得跟踪类似的震兆异常。     

Water Temperature Dynamics in a Complex of Reservoirs and Its Effect on the Temperature Patterns of a Mountain River

The article presents the spatial and temporal dynamics of water temperature in two reservoirs on the upper course of the Dunajec River in the Polish Carpathians. It aims at presenting how spatial patterns and time evolution of water temperature in the reservoirs affect the water temperature in the river. The analysis is based on the results of water temperature measurements in hydrometric verticals in two reservoirs as well as in the river upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. The measurements were carried out in 2012 and 2013, in hydrometeorological conditions typical for each season of the year. Based on the measurements, it has been demonstrated that the complex of reservoirs affects the water temperature in the river over the year and the existence of the smaller lower reservoir may attenuate the cooling or heating effect of the main reservoir on the river.     

Ancient destructive earthquakes in Chersonesus Taurica and their importance for a long-term seismic hazard assessment of the Southwestern Crimea region

Continuing the author’s earlier works, the signs of ancient destructive earthquakes in the southwest Crimea have been collected and analyzed. These signs are considered using archeoseismological method based on the data of multiannual archeological excavations at Chersonesus Taurica and agricultural hinterland around it (chora) separately on each period of total destruction, reconstruction and new construction, and on structures of different purposes and degrees of earthquake-resistance (defensive structures, large civil buildings, dwellings, fortified estates, necropolises, and burials). Indirect signs are also involved. Both direct and indirect signs unambiguously contribute to form the general scenarios of considerable destruction in the polis and its chora, with the disturbance of entire socioeconomic life, which occurred in 340(±20) and 105(±5) BC as a result of strong earthquakes with I = VIII–IX (on MSK-64 scale). Based on the results of earlier works on destructive earthquakes of a later historical period in mind, the seismic potential of the Sevastopol source zone has been estimated.     

Analysis of the rainfall variability and change in the Republic of Benin (West Africa)

ABSTRACT

The temporal variation and trends of annual rainfall distribution in Benin were examined using data from 1940 to 2015 at six meteorological stations and three raingauges stationed throughout the country. The nonparametric modified Mann-Kendal (MK) and Levene tests were applied to detect trends and heteroscedasticity, respectively. For six of the time series, no significant trends were detected. A Bayesian multiple change points detection approach was applied to the rainfall time series, and most (six of nine) exhibited abrupt change points, corresponding to the alternation between wet (before 1968 and after 1990) and dry (1969–1990) periods. No significant trends or breakpoints and changes in the variance were observed for the spatial average rainfall time series. Seven modified MK trend tests were applied; the trends are affected by the selected MK method and rainfall statistics. Oceanic and/or atmospheric influences on the rainfall in Benin were examined by investigating the correlation between the precipitation time series and several indices. Negative seasonal correlations were determined for the North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Niño3, while positive seasonal correlations were observed for the Southern Oscillation, Antarctic Oscillation and Dipole Mode Index.