淮河流域焦岗湖水质参数时空变化及影响因素

焦岗湖是淮河左岸一个天然湖泊,集防洪、灌溉、养殖、旅游等多种功能于一体.利用焦岗湖4个季节水质监测数据,运用Kriging方法,分析焦岗湖水质参数的时空变化及影响因素.结果表明:由于受水文季节变化过程及人类活动等综合影响,焦岗湖水质参数在时间及空间上均存在一定差异.从时间变化来看,夏季透明度较低、秋季较高;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季显著高于夏、秋季;总氮、总磷浓度与高锰酸盐指数均表现为夏季最高、秋季最低.从空间变化来看,4个季节的透明度空间差异较为显著;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季空间分布较为均匀,夏季呈现中心高周围低的变化趋势,秋季则表现为西高东低;总磷浓度春季分布较为均匀,夏、秋及冬季则呈西高东低之势;高锰酸盐指数在春、秋季节呈现东高西低之势,夏季高浓度主要集中在湖区北部,冬季浓度变化不大.     

溶解氧对低洼盐碱地鱼塘物质循环的影响

对黄淮海平原低洼盐碱地鱼塘中溶解氧与物质循环之间的关系进行了初步研究. 结果表明池塘水体中的溶解氧含量取决于水体中藻类的光合作用及其它生物的耗氧作用扰动的方式时间可显著改变水体中溶解氧的含量. 池塘水体中异养细菌的数量变动除与水体中的有机物质含量等有关外与水体中溶解氧的含量密切相关. 尤其在底泥中这种变化更加明显. 池塘水体中的氨化作用强度磷的转化强度明显地呈现出受水体中的溶解氧含量影响. 当水体中的溶解氧含量增加时导致细菌的现存量及活性的增加使得氨化作用强度磷的转化强度也显著增加这种情况在底泥中表现的更加明显. 池塘水体中反硝化作用强度反硫化作用强度的变化则与水体中溶解氧含量的变化相反. 当水体中溶解氧的含量减少时水体中的反硝化作用强度反硫化作用强度反而大大增加. 这种作用在底泥中表现得也非常明显.     

我国早期的地震科学研究概述

我国早期的现代地震学研究，曾孕育于现代地质学中。用现代科学观点，最早调查研究现场大地震的年代，可追溯到1913年云南峨山7级地震考察。地震台站监测工作，是从1923年地质调查所派李善邦先生前去日本东京学习测震，并于1930年在北京西山郊区建造鹫峰地震观测台开始。最早的地震目录是1913年由上海黄司铎编的“法文中国地震表”。1921年翁文灏先生发表的“甘肃地震考”，首次将史料中的地震情形描述与罗西一福来氏烈度表加以对照，来确定地震烈度，从而提供了更详细、确切的“甘肃地震表”。1922年翁文灏在布鲁塞尔国际地质大会上宣读的“中国地质构造对于产生地震的影响”论文，曾引起与会者极大兴趣与关注，是最早论述我国地震地质和地震区域划分的文献。     

双低技术在腹主动脉联合下肢动脉CTA中的可行性探讨

目的:比较腹主动脉联合下肢动脉CT成像中两种不同对比剂注射方案对对比剂剂量的影响。方法:搜集临床上怀疑腹主-下肢动脉疾病行CT血管成像(CTA)的患者50例,随机分为A、B组,对比剂(350 mg I/m L),A组:男16例,女9例,平均年龄(58.53±9.39)岁,平均体质量(67.86±11.65)kg,平均扫描范围(124.65±8.28)cm。B组:男17例,女8例,平均年龄(60.87±9.76)岁,平均体质量(66.23±12.42)kg,平均扫描范围(122.59±9.12)cm。A组注射流率4 m L/s,对比剂用量1.5 m L/kg。B组第1期5 m L/s注射20 m L,第2期3 m L/s注射剩余量;B组对比剂总量=1.5 m L/kg×体重-4 m L/s×(B方案对比剂注射时间-A方案对比剂注射时间)。对比剂注射完毕两组均以3 m L/s流率无缝隙注射生理盐水30 m L。两组均选择智能触发技术,监测平面为腹主动脉(右膈肌水平),阈值≥150 HU。对两组5个动脉段图像质量进行评分;测量5个动脉段CT值,记录两组对比剂剂量。均进行独立样本t检验。结果:A组5个动脉段图像质量评分、平均CT值分别为:4.76±0.44、(328.46±21.45)HU(腹主动脉段),4.20±0.58和(330.96±22.52)HU(髂动脉段),4.36±0.57、(327.16±23.65)HU(股动脉-腘动脉段),3.32±0.63、(296.53±20.43)HU(小腿动脉段),3.12±0.53、(257.26±21.21)HU(足背或足底动脉段);B组分别为:4.72±0.46、(329.75±23.12)HU(腹主动脉段),4.08±0.57、(331.63±24.64)HU(髂动脉段),4.16±0.55、(319.89±21.79)HU(股动脉-腘动脉段),3.24±0.66、(290.44±21.57)HU(小腿动脉段),3.28±0.46、(243.76±27.29)HU(足背或足底动脉段);B组均低于A组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组对比剂剂量分别为(93.79±13.68)m L和(74.61±14.76)m L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对比剂流率5 m L/s+3 m L/s分期注射可在不影响图像质量的前提下降低腹主动脉联合下肢动脉CTA的对比剂用量。      

Mechanism of cadmium resistance and adsorption of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11

The mechanism of cadmium resistance of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11 isolated from mine soil was investigated. We found that the yeast cells treated with different methods showed different cadmium-adsorption models. Grown in medium supplied with 100 mg/L of cadmium, 3.29% of the cell-absorbed cadmium was accounted in the cytoplasm. However, only 1% was taken into the cytoplasm and 99% was bound to the cell wall using the lyophilized biomass to adsorb cadmium in double distilled water. Treatments with alkali, ethanol-chloroform and proteinase showed different influences on the biosorption of whole cells and isolated cell walls. FT-IR analysis showed that acetyl of chitin was the active compound in the cells to absorb cadmium. The production of Metallothioneins, proteins related to the resistance to heavy metal in yeast, was evidently induced by cadmium, achieving 638.8 μg/g wet weight, which was about 85 folds higher than that in the uninduced biomass and was also much higher than that reported previously. The molecular weight of Metallothioneins was 6500 Da estimated by SDS-PAGE.     

余辉等离子体中的谐振现象及其在空间研究中的可能应用

用谐振探针在余辉式等离子体中进行测量,观察到了谐振效应。与某些作者的结论不同的是:可证明这一谐振发生在等离子体频率ω_p处而没有强的阻尼。如果用这一方法进行等离子体浓度测量也不受探针污染的影响。进而指出这一技术在空间等离子体研究方面可能的应用。     

Description and distribution fitting of transformed sodar wind observations

Sodars are useful devices in atmospheric research beyond the first tenths of metres, the management of their observations proving equally important as the data itself. In this paper, a 3-year database of wind direction and speed was used, although in this case both variables have been transformed. The lowest measurement level was considered as a reference and differences in wind direction, ratios in wind speed and the power law exponent were calculated up to the 500 m level. First, the Ekman spiral was considered in order to fix its range as well as daily and seasonal evolutions. Diurnal cycles were then determined to establish the sharp contrast between day and night, and the difference in transitions in morning and afternoon. Histograms of wind direction differences, ratios in wind speed and the power law exponent were also calculated. Their shape was similar, evidencing only one mode with a rapid decrease from it, though the histogram was right skewed for transformed wind speed whereas it was symmetrical for the other two variables. These histograms were fitted by an original three-parameter distribution function using simple linear regressions, considering the least root mean square error as fitting criterion. The cumulative distribution function was also theoretically obtained. A close-up expression for the interquartile range as a function of the distribution function parameters was proposed with satisfactory results. Robust kurtosis behaviour was also observed. A bivariate distribution was calculated and satisfactorily contrasted with experimental values. Finally, the influence of wind speed on the distribution parameters was considered.     

海原5.5级地震时的倾斜突变

1982年4月14日海原5.5级地震时,周围260公里范围内的六个倾斜台站全部记录到了震时倾斜突变。倾斜突变等值线图为—长轴呈北西—南东向分布的、较规则的椭园形,递减规律明显。震中附近倾斜突变值最大,高值区呈北西—南东向,成条带状,与最内圈等震线长轴方向、地质构造线走向、震源机制解结果一致。因此,反映了震时断层活动情况,可做为推测发震构造的判据之一。     

滇池水域双酚A的环境多介质迁移和归趋模拟

以双酚A为研究对象,利用四级多介质逸度模型模拟非稳态非平衡条件下1991-2011年间双酚A在滇池水域水相、表层沉积物相和中层沉积物相中的浓度分布、相间的迁移通量,确定主要迁移过程;结合实测数据,对模型进行可靠性验证;并对常数之外的12个模型参数进行灵敏度分析.结果表明:入滇总量98%的双酚A主要通过水体降解去除,滇池出水去除量和水体残留量共约占1%,余下部分进入沉积物相;沉积物相是残留双酚A最主要的汇,其中,表层沉积物相中双酚A浓度最高,3相中浓度变化趋势受外界输入影响较大;水相→表层沉积物相的迁移为双酚A在滇池的主要迁移过程,其次为表层沉积物相→中层沉积物相;双酚A在水中的降解速率、有机碳分配系数,各环境相中有机碳含量、固相体积比等参数灵敏度较高,对模型的影响较为显著;模型计算浓度与实测浓度吻合较好,表明建立的四级多介质逸度模型适用于滇池水域双酚A环境多介质迁移和归趋模拟.     

Evaluation of geochemical behavior and heavy metal distribution of sediments：The case study of the Tirumalairajan river estuary,southeast coast of India

The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical partitioning of selected heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Co and Ni) in 10 surface sediments at Tirumalairajan River Estuary in the southeastern coast of India.A five-step sequential extraction technique was used to assess the environmental status of heavy metals.Most of metals were considered to be immobile due to the high availability in the residual fraction of heavy metals.The sediments of Tirumalairajan River estuary had not been polluted by heavy metals,and they didn’t pose any high ecological risk.The seasonal variations of heavy metals were slightly higher in summer than in monsoon season.Factor analysis was also carned out to understand the associations of metals in different fractions with sand,silt,clay,organic matter,pH,salinity and other metals.The relationship between the Q-mode and R-mode cluster analyses was useful for identifying the pollution levels in both seasons.It was proved that the enrichment of heavy metals was related with geogenic and anthropogenic sources.The information on total metal concentrations in sediments was not sufficient for assessing the metal behavior in the environment,but the sequential extraction technique was more effective in estimating the environmental impact of contaminated sediments.     

MSCT在难以耐受食道造影的食管气管瘘患者诊治中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT在老年或癌症晚期等难以耐受食道造影的食管气管瘘患者中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年至2020年在我院因高度怀疑食管气管瘘行MSCT及气管镜检查的病例,共纳入研究48例。所有图像经过横断位、冠状位、矢状位多平面、气管树容积再现及经气管树中心曲面重建后传至PACS,由两位医师盲法阅片,记录是否有食管气管瘘及阳性病例的大小;气管镜由操作者记录是否有食管气管瘘及阳性病例的大小。比较不同方法间对瘘口、大瘘口（直径>1cm）、小瘘口（直径<1cm）的检出率及MSCT与气管镜间大小比较。比较MSCT与气管镜检查对真阳性病例瘘口的大小。两位医师间采用Kappa一致性检验,不同评价方法间采用卡方检验,MSCT与气管镜检查的大小比较采用配对样本t检验,当P<0.05时有显著差异。结果:联合所有图像对所有食管气管瘘的检出率最高,其敏感性、特异性及准确性分别达93%、75%及86%,不同方法对所有瘘口的检出有显著差异,其中矢状位与横断位对瘘口的检出率较高。在所有阳性病例中不同方法间对大瘘口的检出率,各方法间有显著差异,其中联合所有图像对大瘘口的检出率达100%,矢状位与横断位对大瘘口的检出率较高;而对小瘘口的检出,各方法间无显著差异。在所有真阳性病例中,气管镜中所测量的瘘口大小（13.70±11.70）mm,高于MSCT中测量的瘘口的大小（10.83±10.15）mm,两者有显著差异。结论:MSCT及其常见后处理方法在难以耐受食道造影的食管气管瘘患者评估中起重要作用。      

应力途径对岩石脆性-延性变化的影响

用两种加载方式对岩石的破裂进行了实验研究。一种方式是在一定的围压下增加轴压使岩石破裂（A型）;另一种方式是在一定围压下增加轴压直到破裂前某一应力状态,然后停止加轴压转而减小围压使岩石破裂（B型）。所用的岩石样品为济南辉长岩和山东掖县白大理岩。着重研究应力途径对岩石脆性-延性变化的影响。辉长岩在1.5千巴以下两种应力途径下的破裂都表现为脆性,但是对于同样的应力状态,B型实验比A型实验显得更脆。随着围压增加到200-250巴之间,大理岩由脆性转变为延性。围压250巴以上,大理岩的A型实验发生延性破裂。样品承受载荷的能力是逐渐丧失的。破裂过程中声发射率极低,听不到破裂声响。最后在样品中形成了剪切断面,但破裂很慢。然而,在大理岩的B型实验中,围压在250巴以上发生了脆性破裂,其表现为轴向应力突然下降,伴随着脆性破裂的声响并有声发射率剧增的前兆。看来,B型应力途径对岩石起了一个脆化的作用。     

基于遥感的鄱阳湖湖区蒸散特征及环境要素影响

蒸散是湖泊湿地生态系统水循环的重要组成部分,研究湖区地表蒸散量的时空变化对了解鄱阳湖湖区水量平衡关系具有重要意义.本研究基于MODIS数据,应用地面温度-植被指数三角关系法反演2000-2009年鄱阳湖湖区的实际蒸散量,分析湖区蒸散的时空分布特征及主要气象因子对流域蒸散的影响.结果表明:2000-2009年鄱阳湖湖区年蒸散量在685~921 mm之间,平均年蒸散量为797 mm,最大蒸散量出现在2004年.2000-2009年多年平均水体蒸发量为1107 mm,高于湖区植被蒸散量(774 mm).湖区汇水区域中蒸散量占降水的平均比例为55%,是水量平衡的主要支出项,径流系数约为0.45.湖区蒸散主要受辐射和气温的影响,月蒸散量与气温呈显著的指数相关,2007年蒸散量对温度的关系最为敏感.降水量距平与蒸散量距平的关系除2007年呈显著负相关外,其他年份相关性不显著.鄱阳湖湿地蒸散与湖泊水域面积总体呈正相关,但在水文干旱严重的2006年,当水域面积<30%时,蒸散速率随水域面积增加而减小.     

Bioaugmentation in a Well‐Characterized Fractured Rock DNAPL Source Area

A field demonstration was performed at Edwards Air Force Base to assess bioaugmentation for treatment of a well‐characterized tetrachloroethene (PCE) dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source area in fractured rock. Groundwater recirculation was employed to deliver remedial amendments, including bacteria, to facilitate reductive dechlorination and enhance DNAPL dissolution. An active treatment period of 9 months was followed by a 10‐month posttreatment rebound evaluation. Dechlorination daughter products were observed in both the shallow and deep fracture zones following treatment. In the shallow fracture zone, the calculated DNAPL mass removed was approximately equal to the DNAPL mass estimated using partitioning tracer testing, and no rebound in chlorinated ethenes or ethene was observed during the posttreatment period. A maximum DNAPL dissolution enhancement factor of 5 was observed in the shallow fracture zone. In the deep fracture zone, only approximately 45% of the DNAPL mass—as estimated via partitioning tracer testing—was removed and rebound in the total molar chlorinated ethenes + ethene was observed. The difference in behavior between the shallow and deep fracture zones was attributed to DNAPL architecture and the fracture flow field.     

Investigation of upper crust anisotropy in Ghaen-Birjand region, east-central Iran

IntroductionWhenpropagatingthroughananisotropicmedium,ashearwavesplitsintotwo(quasi)shearwaveswithdifferentpropagationspeedsandpolarizedorthogonally.Owingtotherecentdevel-opmentofseismicobservationsystem,detectionofshearwavessplittingwithverysmalldelaytimesbetweenfasterandslowershearwavesbecameavailableandprovidedpowerfulapproachfordetectionofcrustalanisotropy.Crampin(1978)emphasizedtheroleofalignedmicrocracksasacauseofcrustalanisotropyandpointedoutthatforverticallyalignedmicrocracksthedirecti…     

Analysis of change of red tide species in Yodo River estuary by the numerical ecosystem model

Occurrence number of red tides in Osaka Bay in Japan is more than 20 cases every year. Diatom red tide was dominant in Osaka Bay, but the non-diatom red tide was dominant in early 1990s. Therefore, the material cycling in Yodo River estuary in Osaka Bay during August from 1991 to 2000 was analyzed by using the numerical ecosystem model and field observation data to clarify the reasons of change in red tide species. Year-to-year variation in calculated concentration ratio of diatom to non-diatom corresponds to the variation in observed ratio of red tide days of diatom to non-diatom. Limiting nutrient of primary production is phosphate over the period. Diatom dominated from 1991 to 1993, but it was difficult for non-diatom to grow due to the limitation by physical condition. Non-diatom was able to grow because of good physical and nutrient conditions from 1994 to 1996. And diatom dominated again under the good physical condition, and phosphorus supply was not enough for non-diatom to grow from 1998 to 2000. Phosphate concentration in the lower layer of Yodo River estuary was important to the variation in red tide species in the upper layer of Yodo River estuary.     

Comparison of Treatment Efficiency and Energy Consumption of Batch and Continuous Electrocoagulation in Urban Wastewater

In this study, domestic wastewater was used as the electrolyte. The work was carried out with an up-flow tubular reactor, made of stainless steel that was used as cathode, while the anode electrode material was aluminum and varying values of flow regime (25, 50, 75 and 100 mL/s for continuous system), initial pH value (5, 6, 7 and 7.8) and current intensity (10, 15 and 20 A) were applied. For domestic wastewater with natural pH, the effluent pH was >9 in the batch system, while in the continuous system the pH was 8–8.5. Likewise, while the effluent temperature was up to 60°C in the batch system, it was at most 35°C in the continuous system. However, the energy consumption values in the continuous system were considerably lower compared with the batch system. At a current intensity of 10 A, 80 kWh of energy per unit volume was consumed in the batch system, while it was 50 kWh for the continuous system. The present results show that the batch system can be used for small wastewater streams whereas the continuous system can be used for large wastewater streams for domestic wastewater treatment.     

Seabird mortality in the north Irish Sea and firth of clyde early in 1974

Heavy mortality of guillemots in the Irish Sea was recorded in 1969 and was the subject of a detailed enquiry. Organochlorine contamination was thought to be a contributory factor, although this could not be conclusively established. These persistent pollutants remain in the environment and further mortalities might be expected if they were indeed responsible. In January, 1974 there was a further heavy loss of seabirds in the area and, this time, investigators were prepared and the incident was carefully monitored.     

主动脉夹层撕裂内膜走行规律在真假腔识别中的应用

目的:探讨主动脉夹层（AD）撕裂内膜走行规律在AD真假腔识别中的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析63例AD患者的MSCTA资料,在降主动脉不同节段轴位图像上测量夹层动脉撕裂内膜与管壁两个结合点的角度,计算真腔所处夹角角平分线（TLIAB）的角度以确定其所在象限,观测在血管不同节段、不同象限内TLIAB的数量。结果:63例夹层患者降主动脉不同节段所得TLIAB最多为126层,不同节段间TLIAB数量的差异有统计学意义（χ2=63.87,P<0.05）。相同节段、不同AD类型间TLIAB数量的差异无统计学意义。TLIAB在右前象限最多,以主动脉弓降部最明显,主动脉弓降部位于右前象限和左前象限的管腔88.89%为真腔。结论:根据主动脉夹层撕裂内膜走行规律识别真假腔是一种简便、快速、有效的方法。      

An evaluation of the role of daphnids in controlling phytoplankton biomass in clear water versus turbid shallow lakes

Phytoplankton and zooplankton were monitored during 2 years in four eutrophic shallow lakes (two turbid and two clear water) from two wetland reserves in Belgium. In each wetland, phytoplankton biomass was significantly higher in the turbid lake than in the clear water lake. Although total macrozooplankton biomass and the contribution of daphnids to total zooplankton biomass was comparable in the clear water and the turbid lakes, the grazing pressure of macrozooplankton on phytoplankton as estimated from zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratios was higher in the clear water lakes. Estimated grazing by daphnids in the clear water lakes was always high in spring. In summer, however, daphnid biomass was low or daphnids were even absent during prolonged periods. During those periods phytoplankton was probably controlled by smaller macrozooplankton or by submerged macrophytes through nutrient competition, allelopathic effects or increased sedimentation rates in the macrophyte vegetation.